section Home
Production, Amateur
Radio amateur
Model aircraft, rocket-
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
invention 		space Mystery
Earth Mysteries
Secrets of the Ocean
Stealth
section Map
Start
Forum
Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks)
INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2258669

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR ITS OPERATION

Name of the inventor: Deaf IN (RU); Cheliabinsk VF (RU); Scherbakov AN (RU)
The name of the patentee: Open Joint Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation" Energia "Korolev" (RU)
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow region, Korolev, st.. Lenin, 4a, OAO RSC "Energia". SP Queen, industrial property and innovation department
Starting date of the patent: 2003.06.24

The invention relates to power equipment, and is used for hydrogen production in stationary installations and transportation. The hydrogen generator, running in the hydrolysis reaction of the solid reactant to the beads, the reaction vessel comprises a solid reactant pellet, a hydrogen line dispensing liquid reagent feed line and heat exchanger to remove heat of reaction. The composition introduced generator hopper with the hatch, sealed at the generator and introduced into the hopper and starting the coolant pipe heater which is incorporated in the heat exchanger circuit for removing heat of reaction at its output. A method of operating the hydrogen generator comprises loading the solid reactant into the reaction vessel granules from the hopper, the supply of liquid to the reaction vessel the reactant, heating the reactants to start the generator cooling reagents in a stationary mode, draining the reaction products from the reaction vessel and repeating all the above operations. Before loading the pellets of the solid reactant in the reaction vessel of pre-heated to the reaction temperature in the hopper, and then discharging the solid reactant pellet into the reaction vessel, this hopper is filled with the next portion of the solid reactant pellet with subsequent heating of heat generated by the reaction and supplied from the reaction vessel . Multi-feed hopper is used as an important element of the thermal generator system, which improves generator efficiency and performance by reducing power consumption for own needs and reduce start-up time. The generator of this design can be made extremely compact.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to power equipment, and can be used to produce hydrogen in stationary installations and transportation.

The generator is a chemical reactor that produces hydrogen by hydrolysis, i.e. decomposition of water. For this purpose, the solid reactant, ie, hydrolysis reaction is heterogeneous in nature - is on the surface of a solid. It is assumed that the hydrogen thus obtained is then used as a fuel for power plants (EI) of the fuel cell (FC). Additionally, hydrogen can be used, of course, in other areas, such as metal cutting, welding, etc.

The most famous example of the gas generator with a solid reagent are generators of acetylene-type GNF 1.25 and 1.25-HWR and others [1]. They applied and heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction, and as the solid reactant is calcium carbide. This technical solution is taken as equivalent. Its disadvantages (of both the generator and its mode of operation) should include the following:

- Similar to a generator is not designed to produce hydrogen;

- They do not work automatically restart after production of the solid reactant must be cleaned from the accumulated solid precipitate;

- The performance of these generators is regulated poorly, as there is no temperature control system (PP);

- Not using the heat generated in the reaction.

Closer is essentially a hydrogen generator for power plants based on fuel cell power used on submersible [2]. The reactor and the hydrolysis reaction uses, as a solid reactant metal hydrides are used (i.e. metal compounds with hydrogen). The generator includes a reaction vessel which is placed in a container with metal hydride granules, heat exchanger for removing heat of reaction, water mixing device to the reaction vessel (placed inside the latter) and a line for supplying water from the reactor and hydrogen removal reactor. At the same time to improve the dimensions and weight characteristics of PP are used light metal hydrides, which are quite expensive (LiH, BeH 2 ...). This significantly increases the cost of producing hydrogen and is a significant drawback of the generator [2] adopted in this case for the prototype.

In addition to the shortcomings of prior art (both the device and method of its operation) should include the following:

- The inability of the generator automatically reboot with the solid reagent;

- Energy consumption of thermal generator system associated with the fact that at the start of the generator necessary to heat a large amount of substance in the reaction vessel, and, moreover, to ensure uniformity of temperature throughout the reaction chamber;

- Lack of generator design is small and the thermal efficiency of its MFR.

The object of the proposed solutions is to provide a hydrogen generator adapted to work automatically, with improved operating efficiency and increased thermal performance. It is necessary to develop a method and its operation.

The problem is solved in that in the hydrogen generator, running on the hydrolysis reaction with the granules of the solid reactant and containing reaction vessel with the granules of solid reagent backbone hydrogen dispensing artery supplying the liquid reagent and a heat exchanger for removing heat of reaction, put the hopper with the hatch, sealed at the generator, and introduced into the hopper and starting the coolant pipe heater which is incorporated in the heat exchanger circuit for removing heat of reaction at its output.

The hopper thus can be located at the top of the reaction vessel.

The method of operation of such a hydrogen generator operating on the hydrolysis reaction with the granules of the solid reactant includes loading the pellets of the solid reactant into the reaction vessel from the hopper, the supply to the reaction vessel liquid reagent, heating the reactants to start the generator, cooling the reactants at steady state drain products the reaction from the reaction vessel and repeating all the above operations and is characterized in that before loading the granules of the solid reactant in the reaction vessel of pre-heated to the reaction temperature in the hopper, and then discharging the solid reactant pellet into the reaction vessel, this hopper is filled with the next portion of the solid reactant pellet with subsequent heating of heat generated during the reaction and fed from the reaction vessel.

The essence of the proposal is that the hopper filled with pellets of the solid reactant (e.g., aluminum), but their direct purpose, and performs two important functions in the thermal generator system. Firstly, as the heat exchanger and the reaction vessel, hopper serves to remove heat from the reacting mixture, and secondly, it is the starting heater solid reactant. The temperature of the pellets in the hopper is brought substantially to the working temperature in the reaction vessel, which allows to minimize the time the oscillator output mode.

When filling hot granules in the reaction vessel of their interaction with the liquid reagent begins immediately as a thin layer of liquid near the surface of the granules is warming rapidly, and further reaction begins to support itself. For initial start-up heater starter generator serves as granules, which subsequently is used.

This method of operation of the generator can improve the thermal efficiency of its work and reduce the output of the generator during a steady state operation. By reducing the time transient generator mode occurs saving energy, which is spent for this time on their own device needs.

The proposed construction of a hydrogen generator and provides the opportunity for its long-term operation with an automatic reboot of the reactants. This allows the use of such devices in large part, a and transport energy.

HYDROGEN GENERATOR AND METHOD FOR ITS OPERATION

The circuit of such a generator is given in the figure, where indicated:

1 - reaction vessel;

2 - granules of the solid reactant;

3 - hydrogen highway issue;

4 - liquid reactant feed pipe;

5 - a heat exchanger for removing heat of reaction;

6 -lyuk hopper;

7 -zagruzochny hopper;

8 -puskovoy heater;

9 -magistral coolant;

The hopper (7) it is advisable to place the top of the reactor vessel (1), although it may be positioned separately. When the generator hopper (7) is almost always filled with grains of the solid reactant and isolated from the reaction vessel (1), that is, the hopper door (6) is closed and sealed.

Also pellets in the hopper (7) mounted launcher heater (8) and the coolant line (9). This line is activated in pumping the coolant circuit cooling reactive mixture, and connected to the output of the heat exchanger to remove the heat of reaction (5).

The reaction vessel (1) has a liquid reagent feed line (4) and hydrogen dispensing line (3).

Such device operates as follows.

After discharging heated solid reactant pellet from the hopper (7) in the reaction vessel (1), hopper (7) is filled with the next portion of the granules, and the supply line for the liquid reagent (4) into the reaction vessel (1) is fed to the liquid reactant. When fluid interaction with the hot granules solid reactant (2) almost immediately starts an exothermic chemical reaction, and the resulting hydrogen is removed through line hydrogen dispensing (3).

The heat generated by the reaction is removed from the reaction vessel (1), the coolant circulating in the heat exchanger to remove the heat of reaction (5). Heated in this heat exchanger, the coolant passes through the coolant pipe (9) in the hopper (7), filled with pellets of the solid reactant, and heats them. During extended operation temperature generator pellets in the hopper (7) substantially reaches operating temperature in the reaction vessel (1).

Thus, another portion of the granules ready for use. When you first start a "cold" heat generator of solid reagent granules produced starting the heater (8). In the future, it is turned off.

After development of the reactants in the reaction vessel (1) reaction products (liquid) merge, and the reaction vessel was again filled with heated solid reactant pellet, and the process is repeated.

Thus, the inclusion of the hydrogen generator multi-hopper, used not only for its intended purpose, but also as an important element PAGE generator improves generator efficiency and performance by reducing power consumption for own needs and reduce start-up time. This is a major positive effect, which is achieved according to the technical solution. In addition, the generator of this design can be made very compact, and its operation provides long-term work with almost incessant generation of hydrogen and can be carried out automatically.

LITERATURE

1. V.V.Rybakov "Textbook gazosvarshchika" Mashgiz., Moscow, 1956 str.34-36.

2. "The generation of hydrogen by hydrolysis to power plants based on fuel cells scuba destination." Pat.5372617, USA, 1994 g.

CLAIM

1. The hydrogen generator, running on the hydrolysis reaction of the solid reactant to the beads and the reaction vessel containing the solid reactant pellet, backbone hydrogen dispensing liquid reagent supply trunk and the heat exchanger for removing heat of reaction, characterized in that introduced into the generator hopper with the hatch, when the generator is hermetically sealed, and put into the hopper and starting the coolant pipe heater which is incorporated in the heat exchanger circuit for removing heat of reaction at its output.

2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is placed on top of the reaction vessel.

3. A method of operating the hydrogen generator, running on the hydrolysis reaction with the solid reagent granules, comprising feeding the solid reactant to the reaction vessel of granules from the hopper, the supply of liquid to the reaction vessel the reactant, heating the reactants to start the generator cooling reagents in a stationary mode, draining the reaction products from the reaction vessel and repeating all of these actions, characterized in that before loading the granules of the solid reactant in the reaction vessel of pre-heated to the reaction temperature in the hopper, and then discharging the solid reactant pellet into the reaction vessel, this hopper is filled with the next portion of the solid reactant pellet followed their heating heat generated during the reaction and fed from the reaction vessel.

print version
Publication date 22.12.2006gg