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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2261223
METHOD OF OBTAINING ENERGY, HYDROGEN AND DIAMONDS
AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
The name of the inventor: Levkin Viktor Vasilievich
The name of the patent holder: Levkin Viktor Vasilievich
Address for correspondence: 141292, Moscow Region, Krasnoarmeysk, ul. Dachnaya, 11, ap. 6, V.V. Levkin
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.08.18
The invention can be used in power engineering, mechanical engineering and environmental protection. Into explosion-proof chamber 1 with double walls, a gaseous explosive mixture is simultaneously fed through conduit 4 through channels 5 and hydrocarbons with carbon nucleation nuclei are injected via conduit 6 through injector 7 to form a conical shell 8 with an inert cavity in the central zone. The shell 8 and the explosive mixture 9 form a cumulative charge. The initiation of blasting of the explosive mixture 9 is made, as a result of which the shaped charge forms a cumulative jet 10 moving at a high velocity along the cumulation axis. The gaseous products are withdrawn via conduit 17. Upon collision of the cumulative jet 10 with the barrier provided with channels 11 of the cooling unit 2, pressure and temperature sharply increase, ensuring the growth of the formed diamond crystals. Simultaneously, cooling is carried out by means of conduits 12 located in metal filings and pellets 13. The atomized and cooled shaped jet enters the auxiliary chamber 3, where diamonds 14 are separated, directed through conduit 15 to power receiver 16 where they are deposited. The separated heated hydrogen is withdrawn for storage or use. The invention makes it possible to increase the size of diamond crystals to 800 μm or more, to reduce emissions to the atmosphere, to reduce the cost of diamonds, and to increase the efficiency of the device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the production of hydrogen and superhard materials from substances containing hydrocarbon compounds, for example from natural gas, and can be used in power engineering, mechanical engineering and environmental protection.
Known modern methods of obtaining energy are based on burning fuel. A more effective method of obtaining energy is explosions, in which practically unburnt particles are not emitted and mechanical energy of shock waves is used.
The method closest to the claimed method and apparatus is a method and apparatus for producing diamonds, described in RU Patent No. 2048437, cl. From 01 to 31/06, 1995.
The known method consists in the explosion of a shaped charge from an explosive gas mixture without an inner shell on a jet of substances containing hydrocarbon compounds injected along the charge axis. The method was carried out in a cylindrical metal explosion chamber having in the upper end part a distributing unit for feeding an explosive gas mixture and substances containing hydrocarbon compounds and crystallization centers from small diamonds to increase their size, or small particles of metals injected along the charge axis. In the lower part of the chamber, the diamond cooling system is made with water. The chamber is made with a double shell filled with an attached mass of metal sawdust and granules, in which pipelines for heat removal are located.
This method has the following drawbacks:
Ineffective use of the energy of the explosion of a shaped charge without an inner shell on a substance injected along the charge axis;
For the production of diamonds, powerful explosive mixtures and quantities of shaped charges are required;
The water cooling provided by the entire volume of blasting products to prevent the combustion of diamonds reduces the efficiency.
The disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide a continuous process of obtaining diamonds. In addition, the system for separating hydrogen from steam generated by cooling diamonds in this device is complicated.
The object of the invention is to eliminate the above disadvantages and increase the efficiency of obtaining energy, hydrogen and diamonds.
This is achieved by the fact that in the method for obtaining hydrogen and diamond energy, which includes the simultaneous supply of a gaseous explosive mixture and hydrocarbon compounds with carbon nucleation nuclei to the explosion chamber, the formation of a shaped charge, its explosion with the production of a cumulative jet, the energy removal, the formation of the formed diamonds and hydrogen, According to the invention, hydrocarbon compounds with carbon nucleation nuclei are fed into the chamber by injection so as to form a conical shell of the shaped charge with an inert cavity in the central zone, the diamonds being formed by high pressures and temperatures as a result of collision of the resulting shaped jet with a barrier located In the cooling unit connected to said chamber, with the energy being withdrawn, by dissipating this jet and cooling it, after which the resulting diamonds and hydrogen are isolated, with a sudden drop in pressure in the auxiliary chamber connected to the cooling unit.
The object of the invention is achieved by an apparatus for producing energy, hydrogen and diamonds, comprising an explosion-proof cylindrical double-walled chamber, a cooling unit connected thereto, means for removing hydrogen and energy, a diamond receiver, wherein said chamber is provided with a distribution unit for forming a shaped charge , With pipelines for supplying a gaseous explosive mixture and means for supplying hydrocarbon compounds and carbon nucleation nuclei, and the cooling unit is provided with conduits and an attached mass of metal pellets and sawdust, wherein the device is equipped with appropriate automatic control systems in which, according to the invention, Hydrocarbon compounds and nuclei of crystallization is made in the form of a nozzle for injecting them in the form of a conical shell with an inert cavity in the central zone, the cooling unit is further provided with a barrier with channels for creating high temperatures and pressures when a cumulative jet collides with it; Coil intended for supplying chilled water, and an auxiliary chamber is connected to the cooling unit for a sudden drop in pressure and release of diamonds and hydrogen.
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1 is a cross-sectional view of the claimed device along the line BB;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section along line AA. FIG.
The device for implementing the method for producing energy, hydrogen and diamonds is an explosion-proof cylindrical chamber 1, a cooling unit 2 and an auxiliary chamber 3. The cylindrical explosion-proof chamber has double walls and is equipped with a distribution unit for forming a shaped charge comprising a pipeline 4 and channels 5 for supplying an explosive gas Mixture, and pipeline 6 with injector 7 for supplying hydrocarbon compounds and embryos of carbon crystallization. The chamber 1 is further provided with a conduit 17 for discharging excess energy to the consumer. Cooling unit 2 is provided with a barrier with channels 11 for creating high temperatures and pressures when a cumulative jet 10 formed in chamber 1 collides with it. The cooling unit 2 is provided with conduits 12 in the form of a coil for supplying chilled water or gas. Pipelines 12 are located in metal filings and granules 14. To the cooling unit 2, an auxiliary chamber 3 is connected for a sudden drop in pressure and release of diamonds and hydrogen, provided with a conduit 15 connected to the power receiver 16.
The claimed method is carried out in the described device operating as follows.
A gaseous explosive mixture, for example hydrogen with air, with an energy of 725 kcal / m 3 , is fed through the channels 5 through the conduit 4 to the working space of the explosion-proof chamber 1; Or hydrogen with oxygen with an energy of 1630 kcal / m 3 . Simultaneously, compounds of hydrocarbons and nucleation nuclei of carbon, for example graphite, are injected through the line 6 through the nozzle 7, which form a conical shell 8 with an inert cavity in the central zone. The hydrocarbon compounds can be in the form of compressed gas, liquid, fine particles. Thereafter, initiation of gaseous explosive mixture initiation using an electric spark is initiated (the initiator is not shown in the drawing), as a result of which the cone shell 8 with the gaseous explosive mixture 9 forms the shaped charge forming the cumulative jet 10. The gaseous detonation products are removed by means of conduit 17 and the , For example, in boiler or heating systems. Since these products do not enter the auxiliary chamber 3, the resulting diamonds are prevented from burning, which is an essential problem of the known methods. The cumulative jet 10 moves at a high velocity along the cumulation axis, dragging behind it the solid detonation products - diamonds, and preventing their settling on the walls of the chamber 1.
When the cumulative jet 10 collides with the barrier with the channels 11, due to its kinetic energy, the pressure sharply increases - up to thousands of atmospheres and the temperature reaches 900 ° C, which ensures the growth of diamonds to 800 μm or more. The pressure of the cumulative jet 10 on the barrier 11 can be controlled by the amount of charge and the shape of the barrier 11. Simultaneously with the increase in the diameters of the diamonds, they are cooled by means of conduits 12 arranged in metal filings and pellets 13. Then, the atomized and cooled cumulative jet enters the auxiliary chamber 3, where the pressure drops sharply, resulting in the release of diamonds 14 and hydrogen, which are sent via conduit 15 to the power receiver 16 where the precipitation of the diamonds occurs. Separated heated hydrogen can be sent to storage or used in production.
The proposed device is equipped with appropriate automatic control systems: the supply of an explosive mixture, hydrocarbons, initiation of an explosion, cooling and removal of diamonds, hydrogen and energy, which are not shown in the drawing.
The method of obtaining energy, hydrogen and diamonds and the device for its implementation will allow more effective use of substances containing hydrocarbon compounds in autonomous and centralized power systems, using an environmentally friendly source of energy - hydrogen in engine engines and thereby create favorable conditions for living in densely populated regions, Reducing at least twice the emissions into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, to reduce the greenhouse effect on Earth. The low prime cost of the diamonds produced will make it possible to provide the national economy with superhard materials.
CLAIM
1. A method for producing energy, hydrogen and diamonds, comprising simultaneously supplying an explosive gas mixture and hydrocarbon compounds with carbon nucleation nuclei to the explosion chamber, forming a shaped charge, exploding it to produce a cumulative jet, abstracting energy, isolating the formed diamonds and hydrogen, That hydrocarbon compounds with carbon nucleation embryos are supplied to the chamber by injection so as to form a cone shaped shell of the shaped charge with an inert cavity in the central region, the diamonds are formed by high pressures and temperatures as a result of collision of the resulting shaped jet with the barrier located in the block Cooling, connected to the said chamber, with the energy being withdrawn, the dispersion of this jet and its cooling, after which the formed diamonds and hydrogen are isolated with a sudden drop in pressure in the auxiliary chamber connected to the cooling unit.
2. An apparatus for producing energy, hydrogen and diamond, comprising an explosion-proof cylindrical double-walled chamber, a cooling unit connected thereto, means for removing hydrogen and energy, a diamond receiver, wherein said chamber is provided with a distribution unit for forming a shaped charge; c Pipelines for supplying a gaseous explosive mixture, and means for supplying hydrocarbon compounds and carbon nucleation nuclei, and the cooling unit is provided with pipelines and an attached mass of metal pellets and sawdust, said device being equipped with appropriate automatic control systems, characterized in that means for supplying hydrocarbon compounds And the nuclei of crystallization are made in the form of a nozzle for injecting them in the form of a conical shell with an inert cavity in the central zone, the cooling unit is further provided with a barrier with channels for creating high temperatures and pressures when a cumulative jet collides with it, and the cooling system pipelines are in the form of a coil, Intended for supplying chilled water, and an auxiliary chamber is connected to the cooling unit for a sudden drop in pressure and release of diamonds and hydrogen.
print version
Publication date 27.02.2007gg
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