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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2215824
INSTALLATION FOR ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER
The name of the inventor: Netesa Yu.D .; Denikin E.I .; Korobov M.L.
The name of the patentee: Denikin Ernst Ivanovich ; Netes Yuri Dmitrievich
Address for correspondence: 194354 , St. Petersburg, Engelsa Ave., 115, building 1, ap.256, Yu.D. Netes
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.10.18
The invention relates to electrochemistry, more specifically to technical means for the electrolytic production of hydrogen and oxygen. In the electrolyzer, the electrodes are made of a set of plates, with the cathode plates alternating with the anode plates. One of the electrodes is mounted for reciprocating movement and includes a piston, while the other electrode is stationary and its end plate is aligned with the bottom of the cell body. The latter is placed coaxially with a gap in the tank and is connected to its cavity by a system of intake and exhaust valves. The device for collecting the gas mixture is connected to the cavity of the container. The technical effect is the simplification of the design, the increase in the reliability of its operation, the versatility of the application, regardless of the type of electrode.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of electrochemistry and can be most effectively used in plants for the production of a hydrogen-oxygen mixture used in gas-flame technology in a number of industries.
In industry, hydrogen is produced mainly from natural gas. This gas, consisting essentially of methane, is mixed with water vapor and oxygen and in a reactor in the presence of a catalyst is heated to 800-900 ° C. As a result, a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is released, which is then separated and transported to consumers in steel cylinders Pressure [1].
The disadvantage of the industrial method of hydrogen production is the technological complexity and high energy intensity and material consumption of technical means.
To meet the needs in hydrogen fuel in limited quantities in small and medium-sized enterprises, there are autonomous sources of hydrogen production - electrolyzers, which decompose the water to hydrogen and oxygen under the influence of an electric current. The adopted technology is inherently simple and does not require particularly complex equipment.
An installation for electrolysis of water is known, which includes the electrolyzer proper, in the housing of which electrodes are connected, connected with a source of direct electric current. The installation also includes infrastructure devices including means for pouring-draining and circulating electrolyte, collecting gas mixture and mixing. The latter is made in the form of a membrane controller with a spring connected to a nozzle for collecting one of the gases, equipped with an additional spring connected by one side with a hinge with a rod, and the other with the regulator body. To maintain the electrolyte pressure below the atmospheric pressure, a special membrane tank is provided, containing an adjustable spring [2].
During the electrolysis, decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen begins. The gas pressure in the cell closed by the membrane regulator starts to increase, which, at certain pressure values, opens the regulator valve and releases gas from the unit. Resetting the pressure again will close the slot with the regulator valve and the cycle of increase and fall of pressure will be repeated. The pulsation of the gas pressure causes migration of the electrolyte in the pores of the anode and cathode, improving the mixing conditions.
The disadvantage of the installation is the complexity and low reliability of the differential pressure control device. In the latter, several elastic elements are applied, the rigidity of which is strictly dependent on each other. This circumstance also contributes to the stable operation of the device, i.e. Providing the required values of pressure drop in one of the gases. Fatigue phenomena, which are the result of prolonged work, as a rule, change the value of the established values of spring stiffness, which will lead to an imbalance in the entire mechanism of pressure regulation. Reduces the reliability of the plant and the presence in it of a membrane tank that maintains a predetermined amount of pressure in the electrolyte. The described design of the installation has limited application, because It applies only to electrolyzers with porous electrodes and can not be used in the case of solid electrodes.
Thus, the object of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the reliability of its operation and the versatility of use, regardless of the type of electrodes.
The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in an electrolysis plant for water containing an electrolyzer made in the form of a casing in which anode and cathode electrodes connected to an electric current source are mounted and devices for circulating and stirring the electrolyte and also for collecting a gas mixture, Each of the electrodes is made of a set of plates alternating with similar plates of another electrode, the extreme plate of one of the electrodes forming the bottom of the housing and the other of the piston arranged to reciprocate in the housing and associated with the actuator. In addition, the fact that the cell body is coaxially located in the container that communicates with the cavity through the radial holes in the wall of the latter and the hole in the stationary electrode forming the bottom of the housing also contributes to the attainment of the goal; all the openings are provided with valves: radial - outlet, and Holes in the bottom of the body - inlet. To solve the problem, the plates of the electrodes are made with through perforation, which on the plates of different electrodes do not coincide with each other. In this case, the plates of the electrodes are made in the form of disks, and the inner cavity of the body is in the form of a cylinder.
The essence of the invention consists in the fact that in the reciprocating motion of the piston in the electrolyte there are pressure pulsations in the form of cyclic tensile stresses that create conditions for a significant increase in the productivity of the cell by gas. The valve system in the housing wall and its bottom in the reciprocating motion of the piston ensures the circulation of the electrolyte throughout the entire volume and is a pump that is combined constructively with the elements of the electrolyzer, which simplifies the design of the installation as a whole. The reliability of the latter is at the level usually high reliability of the piston pump.
A schematic drawing of the proposed plant for the electrolysis of water is given in the accompanying drawing.
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The device for electrolysis of water consists of an electrolyzer, the basis of which is a cylindrical body 1, inside which are placed electrodes: 2 - anode, 3 - cathode. Each of the electrodes is made of a set of disk plates alternating with similar plates of another electrode. The extreme plate of the anode 2 is made in the form of a piston 4, which, like all associated plates, is reciprocally movable due to coupling with the actuator 5. The cathode 3 is aligned with the bottom 6 of the casing 1 and all the cathodes are fixed to the cathode Are fixed to this bottom in an alternating order with the plates of the anode 2. The cell body 1 is placed coaxially in the container 7 to form an annular cavity 8 and a space 9 beneath the bottom 6. The cavities of the housing 1 and the container 7 are interconnected by means of exhaust valves 10 radially mounted in the side The wall of the housing 1, and the inlet valves 11 mounted in the bottom 6. The cavity 8 in the upper part is sealed and communicated with the gas mixture collection device 12. All disk plates of the electrodes are made with through perforation (not shown), while perforations of adjacent plates, i. E. The electrodes belonging to different electrodes do not coincide with each other. |
OPERATING THE INSTALLATION AS FOLLOWING
The activation of the drive 5, which can be made in the form of an electromagnetic motor, drives the piston 4 into reciprocating motion, and together with the associated disk plates of the anode 2. As the piston 4 moves upward, the inlet valves 11 are opened and the electrolyte is sucked into the working cavity Cell, i.e. Inside the body 1. When the piston 4 moves downwards, the valves 11 are closed, but the exhaust valves 10 are opened and some of the electrolyte is forced into the annulus 8 of the container 7. Thus, the electrolyte is circulated in the cell volume. It should be noted that when the electrolyte is sucked into the cavity of the body 1 through the valves 11, the latter have a cross section that creates some resistance to the electrolyte sucked in, and this resistance is consistent with the stroke of the piston 4, or more precisely, of the volume it releases. As a result, a reduced pressure is created within the working volume of the electrolyte within the frame 1, the value of which does not exceed the tensile strength of the electrolyte, i.e. Cavitation in the electrolyte is not caused. Since the piston 4 oscillates, the elongation of the electrolyte will have a cyclic, zero-order character. When the electric DC is applied to the electrodes on the plates, a gas evolution process will begin: the anode will have oxygen, and hydrogen at the cathode. Constant circulation of the electrolyte will facilitate the removal of the gas mixture, which, entering the space 8, will be removed from it by means of the device 12.
The features of electrolysis in conditions of pulsating pressure in the electrolyte are as follows. The cyclic tensile electrolyte pulsation leads to the consolidation and enlargement of the gas bubbles gathered at the electrodes, and the corresponding increase in the active surface of the electrodes, contributing to increased productivity. The process of consolidation and enlargement of bubbles leads to the formation of microcurrents of the electrolyte at the surface of the electrodes, stimulating its mixing due to turbulence and intensifying the detachment of the formed enlarged bubbles, facilitating their withdrawal. An important advantage of the proposed installation is a reduction in the work of supersaturation of the electrolyte with dissolved gases, which occurs when the liquid phase is stretched. A decrease in the level of supersaturation leads to a decrease in the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the cell with other technological parameters equal to the prototype. This is also facilitated by the fact that during the action of tensile stresses, the dissociation of water into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl groups is facilitated by the weakening of internal bonds in the water molecule. The mobility of ions increases, which is equivalent to a decrease in the resistance of the electrolyte.
Laboratory tests conducted in the SPE "VRT" to verify the main technical provisions of the proposed installation, confirmed their effectiveness and give grounds to expect an increase in the efficiency of the cell several times.
USED BOOKS
1. Yakimenko L.N. Production of hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine and alkalis. - Moscow: Chemistry, 1981.
2. The patent of the Russian Federation 2006527, cl. From 25 to 1/04, issued on January 30, 1994 - a prototype.
CLAIM
1. An apparatus for electrolysis of water comprising an electrolyzer made in the form of a housing in which anode and cathode electrodes connected to an electric current source are mounted and a device for circulating and mixing an electrolyte and also for collecting a gas mixture, characterized in that each of the electrodes is made From a set of plates alternating with similar plates of another electrode, wherein the extreme plate of one of the electrodes forms the bottom of the housing, and the other is a piston arranged to reciprocate in the housing and kinematically coupled to the actuator.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode plates are made with through perforation, and the perforations on the plates of the different electrodes do not coincide with each other.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing is coaxially located in a container that communicates with the housing cavity through radial holes in the wall of the latter and openings in the fixed electrode forming the bottom of the housing, all of which are provided with valves.
4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial holes are provided with outlet valves, and the holes in the bottom of the housing are provided with inlet valves.
5. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas mixture collection device is in communication with the cavity of the container.
6. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates of the electrodes are made in the form of disks, and the inner cavity of the body is in the form of a cylinder.
print version
Date of publication 26.02.2007gg
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