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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2153622
DEVICE FOR STORAGE AND SUPPLY OF CRYOGENIC PRODUCTS
The name of the inventor: Fedotov VK; Vorontsov VV; Nikitin V.A.
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation Energia" named after SP Korolev "
Address for correspondence: 141070, Moscow Region, Korolev, ul. Lenina 4a, RSC Energia after SP Korolev, Industrial Property and Innovation Department
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.04.05
In the device for storage and supply of cryogenic products, the refueling and drainage pipelines and wires from the sensor equipment in the area between the outer and inner shells are located in one zone enclosed in an additional vacuum-dense shell. The shell forms a closed vacuum-dense cavity with adjoining areas of the inner and outer shells of the device, which is equipped with an additional evacuation valve. The use of the invention will make it possible to ensure the repairability of the device for storage and supply of cryogenic products and to increase the safety of its operation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a cryogenic technique and is intended for storing and supplying cryogenic products to consumers, for example for supplying hydrogen and oxygen stored at cryogenic temperatures, to an electrochemical generator (ECG) of a power plant (EC) based on hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells intended for installation On submarines, in addition, it can be used in space technology to supply cryogenic products to consumers installed on spacecraft (KK), and in the national economy as part of autonomous EC on the basis of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells intended for use in Areas where the laying of power lines is difficult.
It is well known that the device for storing and supplying hydrogen and oxygen in the ECG ECU is known as an analog (see "Power plants and systems for power supply of spacecraft based on hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells" edited by MV Melnikova, M., GONTI-4, 1970 , Pp. 43-89).
The device includes cryogenic storage tanks for storing hydrogen and oxygen, each of which contains a thermally insulated inner shell with sensor equipment located therein, enclosed in a vacuum-dense outer shell with an evacuation valve installed thereon, filling and drainage pipelines, safety and shut-off valves.
A device for storing and supplying liquid hydrogen, chosen as a prototype, is also known (see "Questions of deep cooling", a collection of articles edited by MPMalkov .- Moscow: Publishing House of Foreign Literature 1961, pp. 409-413).
The device contains a thermally insulated inner shell with sensor equipment located therein, enclosed in a vacuum-dense outer shell with vacuum evacuation valves installed on it, pipelines for refilling and drainage, safety and shut-off valves.
The disadvantage of the analogue and the prototype is that they do not provide repairability, and, consequently, restoration of the device's operability at the most likely failure-loss of tightness of the heat-insulating cavity (cavity between the inner and outer shells) of the device. The reason for loss of airtightness is mainly a violation of the tightness of the pipelines in the area between the shells of the device. In this area, to reduce the heat inflow through the pipelines, they are performed in the form of coils or with bellows inserts, which increases the length of the heat transfer path. In the process of prolonged operation under conditions of overloads, when vibrating coils in the places where they are welded, leakages can be breached in the shells, and it can be disturbed in the places of welding of bellows and electrohammers, to which the wires from the sensors of the equipment are soldered.
The devices for storage and supply of hydrogen and oxygen that are part of the UE installed on the submarine must be operated for 25 years under conditions of overloads up to 10g, so the probability of loss of leakage in the above places is high. To eliminate leakage in these places requires a complete disassembly of the device: the dismantling of the outer shell of thermal insulation and everything that is installed on the shells. Under the conditions of a submarine, it is inconvenient to carry out such repairs, and it is inappropriate to do so. It will take a very long time and the boat will be idle. Therefore, in this case, the device must be replaced, which is expensive first, and secondly, removing the device from the energy compartment of the boat and installing a new one also requires a long time.
Another disadvantage of the known devices is that if the insulation of the heat-insulating cavity is lost and, consequently, the vacuum is lost, the pressure of the stored cryogenic product will increase rapidly to the level of the safety valve. If at this time the boat is at the depth of the maximum immersion, for example 300 m, then its ascent may be less than the time of the pressure increase to the level of the safety valve operation. In this case, the drainage of the cryogenic product will be carried out into the surrounding water area. When draining a cryogenic product, the temperature of which is below the water temperature, the resulting ice cubes can clog the outboard opening of the emergency discharge pipeline. Under these conditions, the pressure of the cryogenic product may increase above the maximum design level, which will lead to an emergency situation in the energy compartment of the boat, that is, the known devices do not provide conditions for safe operation when vacuum is lost in the heat-insulating cavity.
The rapid increase in the pressure of the cryogenic product is due to the fact that when the vacuum is lost, the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity of the vacuum-multilayer thermal insulation increases from 1 · 10 -4 to 2 · 10 -1 kcal / m · h · deg (see GN Napalkov, Thermal protection of tanks with cryogenic rocket fuel ", Handbook, p. 1, M., GONTI-4, 1973, figure 33), i.e. In 2000 times. The total heat input from the environment to the stored cryogenic product is composed of heat transfer through thermal bridges (supports, pipelines, wires) and heat transfer through the thermal insulation. When applying vacuum-multilayered thermal insulation, the heat input along it does not exceed 50% of the total heat input. With this level of heat input through the thermal insulation (50% of the total heat input), with a loss of vacuum, and, consequently, an increase in heat input through the thermal insulation in 2000 times, the total heat input increases by a factor of 1000. Such an increase in heat input will lead to a rapid increase in pressure and to the aforementioned consequences.
It is an object of the present invention to provide the repairability of a device for storing and supplying cryogenic products and to increase the safety of its operation.
The essence of the invention is that in a device for storing and supplying cryogenic products containing a thermally insulated inner shell with sensor equipment located therein enclosed in a vacuum-dense outer shell with an evacuation valve installed thereon, filling and drainage pipelines, safety and shut-off valves , The mentioned pipelines and wires from the sensor equipment in the area between the outer and inner shells are located in one zone, which is enclosed in an additional vacuum-dense shell, forming a closed vacuum-dense cavity with adjoining sections of the inner and outer shells, which is equipped with an additional evacuation valve .
The technical result is that, in comparison with the currently known technical solutions, the newly created design ensures the repairability of the device for storage and supply of cryogenic products and increases the safety of its operation.
This is achieved due to the localization in one zone of all pipelines crossing the space between the inner and outer shells and the wires from the sensor equipment that are withdrawn from the inner shell to the outer one by means of an electric-hydraulic plug or by placing them inside special pipelines and enclosing these pipelines, wires and electrical connectors in an additional Vacuum-dense shell, forming a closed vacuum-dense cavity with adjoining sections of the inner and outer shells, which is equipped with a vacuum valve. As a result, in case of leakage of pipelines, bellows or electrical connectors, it is only necessary to open the upper bottom of the newly formed vacuum-tight cavity and eliminate leakage, and not to replace the entire device, as in the known technical solutions, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of restoration work by orders of magnitude And time of their implementation. In addition, if there is a breach of the tightness of the pipelines, the vacuum in the main volume of the heat-insulating cavity is not violated. The area of the localized zone is 1-2% of the total area of the inner shell, for example, for a device for storage and supply of liquid hydrogen in an amount of ~ 1.5 tons, installed in the submarine on the submarine, the total area of the inner shell is 55 m 2 , and The area of the localized zone is 0.8 m 2 , i.е. ~ 70 times less than the entire area. Therefore, if in known devices the heat inflow to the cryogenic product with a loss of vacuum in the heat-insulating cavity increases, as mentioned above, 1000 times, then in the proposed design it increases in 1000: 70 = 14.3 times. As a result, in the proposed construction, the rate of pressure growth will be substantially less. After detecting an unauthorized increase in pressure, the boat will be able to float from any depth, and the cryogenic product will be drained under control, which will prevent the emergency exit pipeline from clogging up and eliminate possible emergency situations when discharging, i.e. Increase safety of operation.
The essence of the invention is explained in the drawing, which shows the scheme of the device for storage and supply of cryogenic products.
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The device comprises an inner shell 1 on which a vacuum-multilayer thermal insulation 2 is applied. The inner shell 1 is fixed in a vacuum-tight outer shell 3 on the supports 4. The device is provided with a refueling line 5 with a bellows insert 6 in the area between the shells and the drainage line 7 which The pipelines 5, 7 are provided with electropneumatic valves 9, 10 respectively. In the inner shell 1, a temperature sensor 11 is installed, an internal heat source such as an electric heater 12, a quantity sensor 13. The sensors 11, 13 and the electric heater 12 by means of Of the wires 14 are connected to an electrohydraulic plug 15 welded into the inner sheath 1 which is connected by wires 16 to an electro-hydromic connector 17 welded into the outer sheath 3. The pipelines 5,7 and the electrical connectors 15,17 connected by wires 16 are concentrated in one zone and are enclosed in an additional vacuum A dense shell 18 which, with its adjacent inner and outer shells 19, 20, forms a closed vacuum-dense cavity in which a vacuum-multi-layer thermal insulation is applied to the area 19 of the surface of the inner shell 1. A main vacuum valve is mounted on the outer shell 2 22 and an additional evacuation valve 23 installed in the portion 20 of the outer shell 3. The device is provided with a safety valve 24 and a pressure sensor 25. |
OPERATING THE DEVICE AS THE FOLLOWING
The electrovalves 9, 10 are opened and the cavity of the inner shell 1 is refilled and then filled with a cryogenic product (liquid hydrogen or liquid oxygen). After the filling is completed, the electro-pneumatic valves 9, 10 are closed, the electric heater 12 is turned on and the pressure is raised to the operating level, for example to 10 kgf / cm 2 , after which the electric heater 12 is switched off. A cryogenic product is selected for ECG. Valves 9 or 10 can be selected for this purpose. Valves 9 or 10 open for this purpose. When the pressure increases, when the flow is small, the vapor phase is taken away, and at a high flow rate the pressure drops and the liquid phase is withdrawn. Thus, by controlling the phase selection and turning on and off the electric heater 12, pressure is maintained during the selection process in a predetermined adjustable operating range, for example, 8-10 kgf / cm 2 . If leakage is broken during operation, for example bellows 6, there will be a loss of vacuum in the closed vacuum-tight cavity formed by the vacuum-dense shell 18 and portions 19, 20 of the inner and outer shells, respectively. As a result, in this local zone there will be increased heat input through the thermal insulation, which will lead to an unaccountable increase in pressure, which is fixed by the pressure sensor 25. The rate of pressure growth in the proposed device will be significantly less than in the known devices, because Vacuum will be lost only in a closed additional vacuum-dense cavity, the bottom area of which - section 19 - is no more than 1.5% of the total area of the shell 1, and increased heat input through the thermal insulation will only be on this area. The pressure rise time before the safety valve trips, for example, up to 35 kgf / cm 2 (this level of safety pressure of the safety valve is necessary in order to be able to discharge the cryogenic product at any possible immersion depth, for example 300 m), not minutes, as in Known devices, and from 1.5 to 5 hours, depending on the amount of cryogenic product at that time. After the boat ascends, the condition of the discharge port of the discharge pipeline will be monitored so that it is not clogged, besides the discharge of the cryogenic product through the safety valve, the discharge of the cryogenic product through the pipeline 5 can be arranged, which can not be done under immersion conditions. All this increases the safety of operation. To eliminate leakage after removing the cryogenic product from the cavity of the shell 1, it is only necessary to open the upper bottom 20 of the additional vacuum-dense cavity, remove the thermal insulation from it and replace the bellows 6, and not to extract the failed device for storage and supply of cryogenic products from the energy compartment and install a new one.
Thus, in comparison with the known technical solutions, the proposed device due to the localization in one zone of all pipelines crossing the space between the inner and outer shells and the wires from the sensors of the equipment withdrawn from the inner shell to the outer one by means of the electric-hydraulic plugs and the conclusion of these pipelines, wires and electrical connectors in An additional vacuum-dense shell forming a closed vacuum-dense cavity with adjoining sections of the inner and outer shells, equipped with a vacuum evacuation valve, allows to ensure the repairability of the device with minimization of the time and costs for carrying out repairs and improve the safety of operation of the device and the entire boat as a whole.
CLAIM
A device for storing and supplying cryogenic products, comprising a thermally insulated inner shell with sensor equipment located therein, enclosed in a vacuum-dense outer shell with an evacuation valve installed thereon, refueling and drainage pipelines, safety and shut-off valves, characterized in that said pipelines and Wires from the sensor equipment in the area between the outer and inner shells are located in one zone, which is enclosed in an additional vacuum-dense shell, forming a closed vacuum-dense cavity with adjoining sections of the inner and outer shells, which is equipped with an additional evacuation valve.
print version
Date of publication 26.02.2007gg
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