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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2065408

Biogas plants

Name of the inventor: Ilyin AK .; Kovalev OP .; Tymoshenko VA
The name of the patentee: Institute of Marine Technology Problems, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1994.04.05

Uses: processing organic waste selskohyaystvennogo production in order to produce high-quality organic fertilizer and biogas in agricultural enterprises and private farms. The inventive biogas plant is the reactor, which is placed inside the heat exchanger, separating it into two communicating at the top of the camera. The free ends of the pipeline and receive pipeline right withdrawn to the bottom of chambers. A device for grinding the initial biomass is set to receive the pipeline. The door is installed above the discharge hatch to provide hydrostatic lift output of finished products. Each mixing device is designed as a vertical shaft, on which are established a number of upper and lower blades. The top row of blades in the first chamber set floating movable along the shaft to break the crust on the surface dense fermentation biomass. The blades of the lower row are slanted to provide a lifting motion of the fermentation mass up. The blades of the lower row in the second chamber are slanted to move the weight down and fermented in the direction of the free end of the pipeline ready removal of organic fertilizers. Handling apparatus and a device for grinding the original biomass connected with the transmission by means of couplings and are actuated by means of a wind turbine. Formed during the fermentation of organic matter, biogas enters the gas tank from which is distributed to consumers. Outside of the reactor installed solar heating and expansion tank, connected by pipelines to the heat exchanger. The reactor is covered with a layer of insulation.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a bio-energy, in particular to devices for processing organic waste mainly agricultural production in order to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer and biogas. The invention can be widely used in the selskohozystvennyh enterprises and private households.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a "device for the production of biogas from manure" [1] This device comprises a two-compartment bioreactor and biogas selection system. The bioreactor is made U-shaped and is provided with a connecting line, informing the lower chamber parts, which has helical ribs for slurry mixing. One camera has a bypass valve and a gas pipeline connecting the camera to the gas holder, the second chamber is a dead end. As a result of fermentation and the production of gas pressure in the chambers increases, but the first chamber is in permanent gazgldere gas extraction, and increasing the stall gas outlet increases pressure on the surface of its biomass and the overflow into the first chamber through the lower conduit. When you reach a certain level in a dead-end camera operates the bypass valve, the gas is bypassed to the first chamber, the pressure in both chambers is aligned and level bioamassy deadlock in the chamber comes in its original state. Thus there is a constant mixing of biomass.

Common shortcomings of both analogue and prototype are to provide

• additional thermal energy to exit the installation to the current regime and its maintenance due to increased heat loss from the outer surface of the jacket, because its temperature is higher than the temperature of the fermentation mass;
• batch mode of operation, which reduces its operational performance due to delays in loading, unloading, and to output mode;
• no device for grinding the initial biomass, which does not allow direct use of crop waste.

The basis of the invention is to increase the operational capacity of the unit by using the continuous operation of the process and improve efficiency in the use of solar and wind energy, the expansion of the list of the initial components.

The problem is solved in that a biogas plant comprising a reactor with a vertical partition separating the reactor into two chambers containing both conduit receiving initial biomass conduit outlet finished organic fertilizer, the stirring device fermentation of biomass and biogas selection system, and reactor as vertical partitions mounted a heat exchanger of the solar heating system, and the chamber are interconnected in their upper part, with the free ends of the pipeline receiving the initial biomass and pipeline right of organic fertilizer derived respectively to the bottom of the first chamber and the lower part of the second chamber, the upper part of the supply pipe initial biomass formed in a loading hatch and installed above the top of the pipeline right of organic fertilizer is constructed as a manhole discharging working bodies device stirring fermentation mass are formed as two rows of vanes, placed on a vertical shaft in each chamber, the top row of blades floating and is movably along the shaft and blade of the lower row in the first chamber are slanted ensuring movement of the fermentation mass up in the second with a slope that provides movement of the biomass down (toward the discharge pipe). In addition, in the pipeline receiving the initial biomass is set to its grinding device, as a drive device and a raw material grinding apparatus for mixing the fermentation mass mounted windmill kinematically connected to the shaft of each device. Dividing the reactor into two chambers, and there are two pipelines withdrawn above the operating level of the fermentation mass in the reactor allows the zigzag path of movement of the fermentation mass to achieve the desired residence time of the mass in the fermentation reactor and continuous operation of the reactor during operation.

Flat heat exchanger disposed in the interior of the fermentation mass allows the most efficient way to give her all the heat coming from the heaters SUNNY. This arrangement allows the heat exchanger to reduce heat loss from the outer walls of the reactor into the environment, compared with the prior art where the external surface temperature of the heating mantle being naruzhnoly reactor wall, above the temperature of the fermentation biomass.

The top row of blades designed to break the hard crust that forms on the surface of the fermentation of biomass.

The door of the pipeline receiving the initial biomass is placed above the level of fermentation of biomass in a reactor and above the level of the hatch unloading of finished organic fertilizer. It provides hydrostatic backwater when loading a fresh batch of the starting material and the extrusion batch of finished organic fertilizer. An additional effect provides extrusion apparatus and pulverizing starting material placed in the upper part of the pipeline receiving the starting material.

With this structure, the heat loss in the reactor area and smaller pipes, due to the fact that the temperature in the organic mass which is less than in the reactor. Also in the pipeline receiving the initial biomass provides its preheating due to start fermentation.

Thus, the biogas plant works independently, using energy from non-conventional sources of energy (solar and wind). An additional amount of heat transferred to the fermentation mass due to the transition of mechanical energy into heat by the rotation of the blades of the mixing device verodvigatelya.

The invention is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of the biogas plant.

Biogas plant is a reactor 1, which is placed inside the heat exchanger 2, which separates the reactor 1 into two chambers 3 and 4 communicating with each other in their upper parts. At the bottom of the first chamber 3 launched the free end of the pipe 5 receiving the initial biomass, and in the lower part of the second chamber 4 launched the free end of the pipe 6 removing organic udobrereniya. In this case the charging port 7, line 5 of the original reception bioamassy installed above the hatch 8 outlet pipe 6 organic fertilizer hydrostatic lift output of finished products. This effect enhances the shredding device 9 for initial biomass, which is installed in the conduit 5. The chambers 3 and 4 are installed mixers. Each mixing device is designed as a vertical shaft on which a number of blades mounted upper and lower row of blades. The chamber 10 on the shaft 3 upper row of blades 11 is mounted movably floating along the shaft 10 for breaking solid crust on the surface of the fermentation biomass. The blades 12 of the lower row are slanted to provide a lifting motion of the fermentation mass up. In the second chamber 13 to the ALU 4 the upper row of blades mounted similarly to the blades 14, 11. A number of lower blades 15 are slanted to move the weight down and fermented in the direction of the free end 6 of the pipeline ready removal of organic fertilizers.

Devices for mixing and crushing device 9 for the initial biomass connected by a coupling 16 with the transmission 17 and is driven by a turbine 18 formed during the fermentation of organic matter, biogas enters the gas tank 19, from which is distributed to consumers 20. Outside of the reactor 1 is mounted solar heater 21 and the surge tank 22, connected by pipelines 23, 24 with heat exchanger 2. The reactor is covered with the insulation layer 25.

WORKS biogas plant AS FOLLOWS

Initial biomass (waste household, plant stalks, weeds after weeding, the manure of domestic animals, straw and other organic waste) through the charging port 7 fed in line 5, where the device 9 refines biomass. It then enters the chamber 3 of the reactor 1, where the initial proiskholdit fermentation biomass with biogas and the formation of high quality fertilizer. Fermentation takes place in the mesophilic temperature of organic matter ^35-40 o C by an additional heat exchanger 2. The heat exchanger heats 2 from the solar heater 21. Fill the coolant system via the expansion tank 22. The drive device for mixing the fermented mass and grinding is carried out from the initial biomass 18. The efforts of the wind turbine from the wind turbine 18 via a transmission 17, by means of couplings 16 are transmitted to the device 9 for grinding the starting material and on the shafts 10, 13 of the top 11 blades, 14 and lower 12, 15. Stirrers performed zigzag movement up and down of biomass thereby contribute to the intensification of the fermentation process. The resulting fermentation biogas enters the gas tank 19 and then to consumers 20. Located at different heights discharge hatch 7 and 8 allow the discharge hatch to create a hydrostatic backwater to extrude the finished product.

Technical solutions used in the development of the construction of a biogas plant will create an autonomous economical biogas plant that does not require additional traditional energy sources. Placement of the heat exchanger within the reactor increases the efficiency of thermal energy. The main advantage of this setup is the continuous operation of the process of the biogas plant, allowing it to increase the operation performance due to the lack of downtime for loading, unloading and time to treatment.

INFORMATION SOURCES

A. N 165017. The device for the production of biogas from manure (prototype). Cl. With 02F 11/04, 1991.

CLAIM

1. Biogas plant comprising a reactor, separated by a vertical partition into two communicating chambers, conduit receiving initial biomass loading hatch outlet conduit finished organic fertilizer with unloading hatch, the device moving fermentation biomass and biogas driven selection system, characterized in that the reactor as a vertical partition a heat exchanger of the solar heating system, and the chamber are interconnected in their upper part, the free ends of the pipeline receiving the initial biomass and pipeline right of organic fertilizer derived respectively to the bottom of the first chamber and the lower part of the second chamber, the charging port pipe receiving initial biomass mounted above the hatch discharge pipeline right of organic fertilizers, working bodies fermentation mass stirring devices are installed in each cell and are in the form of two series of blades placed on a vertical shaft, the top row of blades is made floating and is moveable along the shaft, the blades of the lower row in the first chamber are slanted to move up the fermentation mass, and the lower row of vanes mounted in the second chamber for moving obliquely downward, and the fermentation mass towards the free end of the pipeline ready removal of organic fertilizers.

2. Installation according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the initial biomass pipe receiving unit is installed to the latter pulverization.

3. Installation according to claims. 1 and 2, characterized in that the drive device and pulverizing raw material mixing apparatus mounted windmill fermentation mass, are kinematically linked to the shaft of each device.

print version
Publication date 05.01.2007gg

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