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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2088322
DEVICE FOR MIXING THE SUBSTRATE UNDER ANAEROBIC BLEACHING
WASTES IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
The name of the inventor: DV Grebennik.
The name of the patent holder: Stavropol State Agricultural Academy
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.09.19
Usage: for mixing of liquid media used for anaerobic digestion of agricultural and poultry waste, sewage and sludge. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device for mixing the substrate comprises a sealed container with a heater of any type (heat jacket, coil, etc.) provided with a circulation pipe with check valves located at its upper and lower portions. In the upper part of the tank there is a gas pipeline with a pressure reducing valve and a feed line for the raw material, the discharge line of the fermented mass is connected to the bottom of the tank. The process of substrate mixing in the proposed installation is carried out due to the difference in pressure in the vessel and the circulation line created by the biogas released during fermentation, which allows completely to abandon the external energy inputs to the mixing process.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to devices for mixing liquid media used in the anaerobic digestion of agricultural and poultry waste, sewage and sludge, and can be used in agricultural production, communal services and microbiological industries.
A device for anaerobic digestion containing a reservoir with a heater, pipelines for feeding and removing the fermentation mass, and a device for mixing the substrate are known (Sharobaro ID State and Prospects for the Development of Biogas Installations, Review Information, State Agrarian Policy of the USSR, TsNIITEI, Moscow 1986, p. 16, figure 13) .
A disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of the design, a significant consumption of electricity with mixing and the presence of gland packing of the input shaft agitator in the reactor, which can lead to methane leakage and, therefore, does not provide explosion-proof installation.
The closest to the proposed and accepted author for the prototype is a device for mixing the substrate (Sharobaro ID State and prospects for the development of biogas plants.) Survey information / State Agrarian Policy of the USSR, Central Research Institute of Economics, 1986, p.8,9, pic.6 ) , Containing a sealed container with a heater, pipelines for feeding and removing the fermentation mass, a circulation pipeline and a pump that mixes the substrate.
Disadvantages of the device, as above described, are the complexity of the design and the high energy intensity of the mixing process.
The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and reduce energy costs.
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This is achieved by the fact that the device for mixing the substrate is provided with a sealed container with a heater and pipelines for supplying raw materials and removing the fermented mass, a gas pipeline with a reducing valve and a circulation pipeline with two check valves located in its upper and lower parts, the circulation pipeline being connected at one end to The bottom of the hermetic container, and the other end is withdrawn to its upper part. The figure shows the proposed device. The device for mixing the substrate contains a sealed container 1 with a heater (not specified) of any type (heat jacket, coil, etc.) equipped with a circulation pipe 3 with check valves 4 and 5 located in the upper and lower parts of the circulation line 3 in The upper part of the tank 1 has a gas line 6 with a pressure reducing valve 2 and a feed line 7, a line for removing the fermented mass 8 is connected to the bottom of the container 1. |
Device operates as follows
The leak-proof container 1 is filled with feedstock 7 through the raw material supply line 7, during filling, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the check valve 4 are closed and the non-return valve 5 is opened by the pressure of the liquid column filling the container 1. Opening of the check valve 5 causes the substrate to enter from the container 1 Into the circulation line 3. When the substrate reaches level "A" in the tank 1 and the circulation line 3, the check valve 5 closes. In the process of anaerobic digestion of the substrate, biogas is extracted in an amount of 0.6-0.8 m 3 per 1 kg of dry organic matter that accumulates in the upper part of the tank 1. Biogas released from the substrate located in the circulation line 3 flows through the gas pipeline 6 to To the consumer. As the biogas is accumulated in the upper part of the container 1, an overpressure is created in the latter, thereby opening the non-return valve 5 and the substrate from the container 1 entering the circulation line 3. When the substrate reaches level "B" in the circulation line 3, the pressure in the tank 1 Increases to a value that opens the pressure reducing valve 2. When the reducing valve 2 is opened, the biogas from the upper part of the tank 1 flows through the gas pipeline 6 to the consumer. In this case, the pressure in the vessel 1 drops, which leads to an excess of the pressure of the liquid column in the upper part of the circulation line 3 over the pressure in the container 1. Consequently, the check valve 4 opens and part of the substrate located above the check valve 4 enters the container 1, This is the process of mixing. When the substrate in the circulation line 3 reaches the "B" level, the pressure reducing valve 2 and the check valve 4 are closed. The cycle is repeated. At the end of the process of anaerobic digestion, the fermented substrate is removed through the pipeline 8.
The invention is characterized by the simplicity of construction and the absence of external power inputs to the mixing process. Unlike the prototype and known devices, the proposed device for mixing the substrate contains a gas pipeline with a pressure reducing valve and a circulation pipeline with two check valves, which allows to abandon the equipment of the prototype intended for carrying out the mixing process: a pump, a reducer (a reducer is necessary to ensure the velocity of the substrate Above 0.5 m), electric motor, starting equipment and automatic device for the operation of the transfer pump in automatic mode, which greatly simplifies the installation.
The process of substrate mixing in the proposed installation is carried out due to the difference in pressures, in the vessel and the circulation line created by the biogas generated during fermentation, which allows completely to abandon the external energy inputs to the mixing process.
An example of the dependence of the mixing frequency on the rate of gas evolution is given in the table.
Data are given for a biogas plant with a useful volume of 100 m 3 ; The ratio of the volume of the gas chamber to the useful volume is 1/20; Diameter of the circulation pipeline 400 mm; The distance between levels "B" and "B" is 2 m; The upper limit of operation of the reducing valve is 130 kPa, the lower one is 110 kPa.
Taking into account that the frequency of mixing in the proposed installation depends on the diameter of the upper part of the circulation pipeline (it is set constructively) and the difference 
P in the pressures of the upper and lower limit of the operation of the pressure relief valve (is adjustable), then changing the value P, it is possible to achieve the desired multiplicity of mixing, thereby adjusting the mixing efficiency.
The advantages of the invention are obvious in comparison with the prototype:
Simplicity of design, which does not require a pump, reducer, coupler, electric motor, starting equipment and automatic device;
The installation does not require the supply of electricity (in the case of heating the substrate by biogas);
The design contains assembly units more simple in manufacturing and less demanding in service;
The device allows to completely abandon the external power inputs, which go to the process of mixing.
The cost-effectiveness of using the invention is that the cost of the installation is reduced, the operating costs are reduced, the expected cost-effectiveness of using a single unit with a useful volume of 100 m 3 is from 10 million rubles a year (at prevailing prices in August 1994).
CLAIM
A device for mixing the substrate, comprising a sealed container with a preheater, raw material supply and removal lines, a gas pipeline, a circulation pipeline, characterized in that the circulation pipeline is provided with two check valves located at the top and bottom, and the gas line is provided with a pressure reducing valve, The pipeline is connected at one end to the bottom of the sealed container, and the other end is connected to its upper part.
print version
Date of publication 05.01.2007gg
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