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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2284967
Biopower installations for biogas production from agricultural waste
Name of the inventor: Osmonov Orozmamat Mamasalievich (RU); Kovalev Dmitry (RU)
The name of the patentee: State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (GNU VIESH) (RU)
Address for correspondence: 109456, Moscow, 1st Veshnyakovskaya pr-d, 2, GNU VIESH, OV Golubeva
Starting date of the patent: 2005.06.03
The invention relates to agriculture, namely the plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in anaerobic conditions, and can be used for biogas production. Bioenergy plant comprises a digester with a water jacket, thermal insulation, stirring, loading and unloading pipes, biogas supply lines and gas tank. The unit is equipped geliokollektorom, electric and Stirling engine in the form of thermo-mechanical generator located on the engine side of the bottom of a biogas burner, which is connected to a conduit for supply of biogas from the gas tank. The Stirling heat engine in biogas combustion burner biogas is converted into electrical energy and used to heat the fermentation biomass into the digester to the desired temperature and to ensure continuous operation of the system during periods of receipt of sunlight. The invention provides a self-contained power supply to local consumers in rural areas with the combined use of solar and biomass energy.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, namely the plants for the processing of organic agricultural waste in anaerobic conditions, and can be used for the production of biogas from organic waste.
Known plant for the production of biogas from organic waste, in particular, provides for heating the fermented substrate and the use of solar energy comprising a digester, solar collectors, heat exchangers, gas tanks, compressor valves, boiler, pumps, control valves and sump (Amerhanov RA, Bessarab AS, Draganov BH, Rudobashta SP, GG Szyszko thermal power plants and agriculture system -. M .: Kolos-Press, 2002, p.269, ris.11.51).
Known and bioenergokomleks containing digester, solar collector, heating the fermented mass (AS USSR №1745707, BI №25, 1992).
Known bioenergokompleks using solar energy for heating the fermentation of biomass, comprising a digester loading and unloading system, biomass, solar collector pipes (AS USSR №1527191, 06.07.1987).
The closest to the technical nature of the proposed installation of a bioenergy plant comprising methane tank with a water jacket, thermal insulation, stirring, loading and unloading pipes and pipelines to drain biogas, electric heater, biogas supply lines and gas tank (AS №1733407, MCI 02 C F 11/04, published on 15.05.1992).
The disadvantage of this is the inability bioenergokompleksa ensure stable heating fermentable substrate and provide a guaranteed minimum supply of local energy consumers in the absence of a centralized source of electric energy, as the amount of heat coming from the solar radiation on the ground, varies widely depending on local climatic conditions.
The object of the present invention is to provide a stable heating fermentable substrate, and a guaranteed minimum of independent power of local consumers in the absence of a centralized source of electrical energy.
As a result, use of the present invention increases the efficiency and reliability of the bioenergy plant for producing biogas in the absence of a centralized source of electrical energy, there is a possibility of direct conversion of thermal energy of combustion of biogas into electrical energy and provide a guaranteed minimum supply of local consumers.
The above technical result is achieved by the fact that the bioenergy plant comprising methane tank with a water jacket, thermal insulation, a stirrer, a loading and unloading pipes and pipelines to drain biogas, electric heater, biogas supply pipes and gas tanks equipped with geliokollektorom, electric and Stirling engine in the form of thermo-mechanical oscillator located on the motor side biogas burner bottom, which is connected to a conduit for feeding the biogas from the gas holder, wherein the Stirling engine heat combusted in biogas biogas burner is converted into electrical energy and used to heat the fermentation in the digester biomass to the desired temperature and to ensure the system has been during periods of receipt of sunlight.
Generated Stirling engine in the form of thermo-mechanical generator electricity is used partially for heating the digester through the electric heater, the rest of the generated electric power is to ensure a guaranteed minimum supply of local consumers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Figures 1 and 2.
1 is a flow diagram of an autonomous power plant for the production of biogas and electricity.
2 shows the thermomechanical generator design - Stirling engine in combination with a biogas burner.
The installation comprises a gas tank 1, biogas discharge conduit 2, digester 3 with a water jacket 4, mixer 5 and the insulation 6, the boot 7 and unloading 8 pipes, storage tank 9 and the valve 10, hot water, heating Solar collector 11, the water pipes 12 and 13, 14 electric heater, biogas burner 15 and biogas supply line 16, the Stirling engine 17 and the electrical connection system 18.
Stirling engine, which is a heat engine, designed as a thermo-mechanical oscillator, which is in contrast to the conventional Stirling engine with a working and displacement pistons (OI Kudrin high-temperature solar installation space energodvigatelnye Ed V.P.Belyakova -... M .: . Mechanical Engineering, 1987. - 248 p) has the following features:
- The absence of the crank mechanism and the complete isolation of both ends of the cylinder, as the unit contains neither rods nor any other arm of the pistons;
- Working piston is replaced by a metal diaphragm.
Used in bioenergy installation thermomechanical generator design in combination with a biogas burner shown in Figure 2. and comprises a radiator 19, coil 20 and the armature of the generator 21, a diaphragm 22, a spring 23, cylinder 24, the displacer 25, cooling coil 26 and burner 27 biogas.
The duty cycle generator is identical to the thermomechanical cycle Stirling engine with working and displacing piston, except that here the displacer 25 is driven by a spring 23 located between the housing and the cylinder 24. A closed metal cylinder engine comprising a working body is heated from the bottom biogas burner 27 and cools the outside of the aperture 22 at the top of the cylinder, a cooling coil 26 with the heat sink 19. The metal diaphragm 22 is made of stainless steel and mounted to the generator instead of thermomechanical working piston moves in the cylinder 24 upward and downward. This diaphragm vibrates under the influence of changing the working fluid pressure in the cylinder. With diaphragm secured to the anchor (permanent magnet) 21, which oscillates in the winding 20 of the generator to drive an electric current. The need to install a spring for actuating the displacer because the diaphragm vibrates with an amplitude not exceeding a few millimeters. The action of the spring connected to the displacer, allows the system to soveshat resonant vibrations at a frequency equal to the frequency of the oscillations of the system. The frequency of oscillation is governed by the selection of the spring and the moving masses, which allows you to "tune out" on any frequency in the power system.
Work plant according bioenergetic process scheme shown in Figure 1, is as follows.
The initial biomass in the form of organic animal waste through the feed pipe 7 is loaded into the digester 3 with a water jacket 4, a stirrer 5 and 6 insulation.
The required temperature conditions of the process of anaerobic methane fermentation of the biomass in the digester 3 is provided by transformed into heat energy in solar collectors 11 solar energy: heated in solar collectors 11 and accumulated in the storage tank 9 water through the valve 10, the hot water and pipe water 12 enters the water jacket 4 3 digester.
During the anaerobic bacterial degradation of organic substances in biomass released biogas digester 3, through which biogas discharge conduit 2 enters and accumulates in gasholder 1.
Further utilization of the resulting biogas is carried out: a part of the resulting biogas is used by direct combustion in domestic heating gas appliances; part of it is at least necessary, periods of absence of receipt of solar radiation, through conduit 16 to feed the biogas to biogas combustion in the burner 15 located on the part of the bottom of the Stirling engine 17. The Stirling engine as thermomechanical heat generator in biogas combustion burner biogas is converted into electrical energy. The thus obtained electrical energy through the electric heater 14 and water piping 13 is used to heat the digester in the fermentation of biomass to the desired temperature and maintain it continuously. The process of biogas generation and use of power and proceeds as described above.
Given that in the current climate of high cost of production and distribution of special attention is paid to local fuel and energy resources, the use of bioenergy plants with Stirling engine in the form of thermo-mechanical oscillator can significantly increase the level of energy consumers in the absence of centralized power.
CLAIM
Bioenergy plant comprising methane tank with a water jacket, thermal insulation, a stirrer, a loading and unloading pipes, pipelines feeding biogas and gas holder, characterized in that it is provided with geliokollektorom, electric and Stirling engine in the form of thermo-mechanical generator located by the bottom of the engine biogas burner that connected to a conduit for feeding the biogas from the gas holder, while a Stirling heat engine in biogas combustion burner biogas is converted into electrical energy and used to heat the fermentation biomass into the digester to the desired temperature and to ensure continuous operation of the system during periods of receipt of sunlight.
print version
Publication date 18.12.2006gg
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