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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2101916
A METHOD FOR PREPARING A MIXTURE FOR PREPARATION POTATOES
The name of the inventor: Nikolay Efimovich Rudenko
The name of the patent holder: Nikolay Efimovich Rudenko
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.05.11
Use: in agriculture, in particular, for the production of seedling pots. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the preparation of a mixture for seed pots consists in mixing the ground peat with a moisture content of up to 15% with a 12-15% solution of polyvinyl alcohol with the preliminary introduction of ammonia water in the concentration calculated according to the formula, the ratio of peat and polyvinyl alcohol solution being 3,5 - 4,5: 1 respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to the cultivation of seedlings of vegetable crops, sugar beet, tobacco, cotton.
A method for preparing a mixture comprising peat, turf ground, lime is known. (Preparation of seeds and sprouts of vegetable crops.) Recommendations M. VO "Agropromizdat", 1989, p. 19.21). The disadvantage of this method is that peat has an acid reaction, and lime is necessary to neutralize the mixture.
A method for preparing a mixture containing peat pH 5 6 is known and as a gluing agent 2 3% solution of polyvinyl alcohol at a component ratio, by volume: peat 60.65, alcohol solution 35.40 (prototype, AS No. 1727700). Here, polyvinyl alcohol acts not only as a binder, but also as a deoxidizer. It has a pH of 8.
However, peat is often supplied to farms with a pH of 5 or lower, and that small fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is not able to significantly raise the pH and bring it to a neutral value or close to it: pH 6.5.7.0. Therefore, not all cultures normally grow on this mixture. This applies primarily to cabbage, pepper, tobacco, cotton, beets.
A method for preparing a mixture for seed pots, comprising mixing the ground peat and a gluing agent in the form of a solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), characterized in that the ground peat with a moisture content of up to 15% is mixed with 12.15% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, In peat with ammonia water at a ratio of peat and solution by volume 3.5.4.5 1, while the concentration of ammonia water in the solution is determined by the expression
To av 1.65 (pH c pH t ),
Where K a is the concentration of ammonia water in a solution of polyvinyl alcohol,
PH c required acidity of the mixture;
PH t is the acidity of the peat used.
The pots in the form of cylinders (chucks) with a diameter of up to 2 cm and a length of up to 5 cm are most convenient for use. They have a sufficient volume for the growth and development of 20 25-day seedlings of 15.7 cm 3 . Provide for the conservation of energy, film and other materials used in greenhouses, as they allow you to grow up to 2000 pcs. Seedling from each m 2 of the protected ground area. Cylindrical cartridges are promising from the point of view of mechanization and automation of the transplanting process. On one side of the cartridge a conical nest is made for seeds with a diameter of 10 mm above, 7 mm below and 15 mm deep. The acidity of the medium (soil, peat, polyvinyl alcohol solution) is expressed by the pH value. This is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions. The medium is strongly acidic at pH 3.0.4.5; Sour 4.5.5.5; Slightly acid 5,5,6,5; Neutral 6,5,7,0; Slightly alkaline 7.0.7.5; Alkaline 7,5,8,5; Strongly alkaline more than 8.5. The permissible pH limits for normal plant development for most crops are 5.5.7.0, i.e. Weakly acidic and neutral medium, and optimal pH values are 6.5.7.0.
Peat comes with a pH of 4, and sometimes less. For polyvinyl alcohol, pH 7.5.8.0. Its use in the mixture contributes to some increase in the total pH value. However, with a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the mixture it is not able to raise the pH to the optimum value. Now, to reduce the acid reaction of the medium, lime, dolomite flour and ashes are used. But their introduction into the composition of the mixture leads to hardening of the pots, to an increase in their rigidity, a kind of micro-brick is formed. Therefore, it has been proposed to use a 25% concentration of ammonia water in the composition of the mixture, i.e. With a 25% ammonia content (20.5% nitrogen). This is a commercially available product, applicable as a liquid fertilizer. The use of ammonia water is technologically not complicating the process of preparing the mixture and is very effective. It is possible to obtain a mixture with any desired pH value.
First, prepare peat. It is ground to the extent that no less than 70% of the peat passes through a sieve with a hole diameter of 1 mm. The bulk mass of the crushed peat is 0.40-0.45 g / cm 3 . The second important indicator for peat is its moisture content. It should not exceed 15%. If the humidity is higher, this affects the strength of the pressed pots (Table 1).
Under certain conditions, peat can be used with a moisture content of 20.25%, but additional moisture coming in with peat must be taken into account when comparing the PVA solution.
Polyvinyl alcohol is produced mainly from two brands of PVS 16/1 and PVS 11/2. The numerator indicates the average value of the dynamic viscosity of the 4% solution, and the denominator is the number of acetate groups. This means that at the same concentration, PVA 16/1 solution is more binding than PVA 11/2. Polyvinyl alcohol is a white powder, a bulk density of 0.40 g / cm 3 , soluble only in water, and in a heated up to 90.95 ° C. This operation is carried out quickly in a microwave oven. Ammonia water is added to the polyvinyl alcohol solution. In order to reduce the amount of water added, it is necessary to increase the concentration of the PVA solution. The experiments showed that a transparent, high-flow PVA solution has a concentration of no more than 16% (Table 2).
Therefore, in order to have a high-flow PVA solution, its concentration should be within the range of 12.15%. The variation depends on the grade of PVA, the method of solution preparation (heating of water or in a microwave oven). Solution PVA 16/1 is prepared at a lower concentration of 12.14% because it has a greater dynamic viscosity, and PVA 11/2 13.15% After the PVA solution is obtained, it is added to the ground peat and mixed thoroughly. From the resulting mixture, pots are formed (cartridges). Experiments were performed to determine what should be the ratio of the volume of peat and PVA solution, so that it was possible to form (compress) the micrograsses stable in form.
The mass was placed in a matrix and the punch was pressed with micro-cups of cylindrical shape with a diameter of 21.22 mm and a length of 52.53 mm with a nest under the seeds. After drying, the dimensions are: diameter 20 mm ± 5% length 50 mm ± 4% (Table 3).
As can be seen from Table. 3, the optimum ratio of peat and solution of PVA by volume is 3.5.4.5 1. And how much should it be added to the PVA solution of ammonia water, what should be its concentration in the PVA solution? The answer to this question was given by the experiments carried out. It is established that the concentration of ammonia water in the PVA solution is subject to a certain dependence
To av 1.65 (pH c - pH t ), (1)
Where K a is the concentration of ammonia water (25%) in the calculation of PVA,
PH c required acidity of the mixture;
PH t is the acidity of the peat used.
Example.
Peat with a pH t of 5.1 was used to make micrograss. In these microgreens, seedlings of cucumbers will be grown. The optimum pH for this culture is pH 6.5, i.e., the acidity of the mixture should be pH c 6.5. Then, using the formula (1), we determine the required concentration of ammonia water in the PVA solution.
To av 1.65 (pH c pH t ) 1.65 (6.5 5.1) 2.3%
This means that for every liter of PVA solution, only 23 ml of ammonia water should be added.
The mixture is prepared immediately before pressing the micro-pots. This is done as follows. Dry peat if it has a moisture content of more than 15% and grind. A 12.15% solution of PVA is made and ammonia water is added thereto in an amount calculated according to formula (1). Measure certain volumes of peat and PVA solution in such a way that their ratio is in the range of 3.5.4.5 1, i.е. For one volume of the solution was 3.5.4.5 volumes of crushed peat. Both components are combined together and thoroughly mixed to wet all the peat particles. After that, immediately pressing is carried out. The mixture is placed in a matrix of certain dimensions and is formed in it by a punch pot (cartridge) with a force of up to 50 kg. After formation, it is extruded from the matrix. Put vertically and allow some time to dry. After 1 2 days. They can be transported to farms and used for growing seedlings. They are stored for a long time, do not lose their strength, are convenient in transportation. And they can be transported both in boxes and in bags. They are strong, when dropped from a height of 1 m are not unloaded. The weight of the dry pot (cartridge) is 11 ± 1 g, the water permeability is more than 35 mm for the first hour of being in the water by a layer of 1.2 cm. The mixture has a good absorbency of more than 55%. 25.30 days before planting, seed is placed in the nest of pots, slightly sprinkled with soil or Peat, put in boxes (containers) and pour water into the boxes with a layer of 1.2 cm. Due to intensive absorption, moisture rises to the seeds. Hatching, germination, growth and development of seedlings occur. At 20-25 days of age (and cucumbers at 10-15) pots with seedlings are planted in open ground. Survival is absolute.
Application of the proposed method of preparation of the mixture allows to provide an optimum medium for acidity growth and development of the seedling, to produce by the method of forming small pot sizes (chucks), which makes it possible to grow up to 2000 pieces. Seedling from each square meter of greenhouse. Saving of fuel, film and other materials is achieved. It is possible to automate the process of planting seedlings in the open ground.
CLAIM
A method of preparing a mixture for seed pots, comprising mixing the ground peat and a gluing agent in the form of a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, characterized in that the ground peat with a moisture content of up to 15% is mixed with 12 15% polyvinyl alcohol solution with added ammonia water added thereto, The volume ratio of peat to solution is 3.5 4.5 1, respectively, and the concentration of ammonia water in the solution is determined by the expression K a.in 1.65 (pH c pH t ), where K a.in the concentration of ammonia water in the polyvinyl alcohol solution , PH c required acidity of the mixture, pH and acidity of the peat used.
print version
Date of publication 06.03.2007гг
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