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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2143682
METHOD OF DETERMINING THE FITNESS OF FRUITS, KORNEFLODS
AND POTATOES FOR LONG STORAGE
The name of the inventor: Nogacheva TI; Bondareva L.A.
The name of the patent holder: Orel State Technical University
Address for correspondence: 302020, Orel, Naugorskoe shosse, 29, Oryol State Technical University
Date of commencement of the patent: 1998.07.07
(EN) The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to predict leasability in laying and storing fruits, roots and potatoes at all enterprises engaged in the cultivation and storage of agricultural products. The method consists in that a gas sample is taken from the production volume by pumping air through a concentrator and the volatile components of the vital activity of the products are analyzed by the photocolorimetric method. The amount of ethylene released is judged on the shelf-life of the product and its quality. In accordance with the results of the analysis, the place of the bookmarking of this batch in the storage is determined. The invention makes it possible to predict the sustainability of agricultural products when laying it for long-term storage. Simultaneously, the study of the quantitative content of ethylene in the air sample is simplified, which, in turn, reduces the costs of this analysis.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to methods for assessing the quality of fruits, roots and potatoes to be stored, and can be used in storage for determining the location of the various production batches, depending on their keeping capacity and for monitoring their quality during storage.
A method for assessing the keeping capacity of potato tubers is known, based on gas chromatography analysis of a gas sample pumped out of the stored potato volume, followed by separation on a glass capillary column [1]. At the same time, prediction of the potatoes keeping capacity is carried out according to the results of gas chromatographic quantitative analysis of the content of ethylene and methyl chloride in the air over potato tubers.
The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and high price of the equipment used, as well as the need to use highly skilled personnel in the analysis.
The task, the solution of which is directed to the invention, consists in determining the suitability of fruits, roots and potatoes for long-term storage, in reducing the cost of quantitative analysis of the ethylene content in the air over the stored products.
This is achieved by the fact that in a known method of determining the suitability of fruits, roots and potatoes for long-term storage, consisting in sampling volatile components of agricultural production, pumping air from the product through a gas sampling tube, a sample of volatile components is analyzed by determining The amount of ethylene released and, based on the results of this analysis, assessing the suitability of agricultural products for long-term storage, the analysis of a selected sample of volatile components is carried out in a photocolorimetric manner, with the reaction of ethylene with an aqueous potassium permanganate solution as an auxiliary reaction, while measuring the optical density of the aqueous solution of permanganate Potassium, which varies as a result of its interaction with ethylene contained in the pumped air, is carried out at wavelengths close to the wavelength of maximum absorption of electromagnetic waves by MnO 4 ions of 528 nm, and the concentration range in which the auxiliary reagent is used is 35 to 70 Mg / l.
In accordance with the proposed method, the use of the photocolorimetric method for analysis of the selected sample greatly simplifies the study of the quantitative content of ethylene in the air sample reacting with potassium permanganate and, thereby, reduces the cost of carrying out the analysis.
The method is carried out as follows.
Sampling is carried out from a container in which the stored products are stored. Fruits, or root crops, or potatoes are filled with a pallet and a gas sampling tube made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 4 mm and a length of 60 cm, one end of which is located in the middle of the volume of the pallet pan and the other is withdrawn from it. To the outer end of the gas sampling tube, a concentrator tube is attached to the silicone rubber hoses and air is evacuated from the box pallet for 10 minutes at a rate of 0.2 l / min.
The analysis of the selected sample is carried out by the photocolorimetric method. The concentrator tube is introduced into the cuvette with an auxiliary reagent, which is an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. The interaction of ethylene with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is a qualitative reaction to ethylene, that is, as a result of their interaction, the solution of the auxiliary reagent is discolored, the violet color of which determines the presence of MnO 4- ions.
When carrying out the method, the quality of fruits, roots and potatoes is evaluated by the results of a quantitative analysis of the ethylene content in the air above them.
Determination of the amount of released ethylene is carried out based on the results of photocolorimetric analysis of the color of the aqueous solution of potassium permanganate. After the sampled sample is pumped through the cuvette with the auxiliary solution, it is discolored due to the oxidation of manganese ions. By an absolute change in the optical density value, the amount of ethylene reacted is judged.
The measurements are carried out at wavelengths close to the wavelength of the maximum absorption of electromagnetic waves by MnO 4- ions equal to 528 nm, since it is at this length that the maximum sensitivity of the method is observed.
The auxiliary reagent is used in the concentration range from 35 to 70 mg / l. Limitation of the concentration range of the solution of potassium permanganate is caused by its instability at low concentrations and low sensitivity at large. The optimum range of concentrations used, combining temporal stability and providing high sensitivity, corresponds to the above.
The amount of ethylene released from the pallet is judged on the suitability of this batch of fruits, or root crops, or potatoes for storage, and in accordance with this estimate determine their place of storage in the vaults.
Use as a criterion for assessing the keeping capacity of fruits, roots, and potatoes of the amount of released ethylene in the process of their vital activity leads to a large objectivity of this evaluation, because The isolation of ethylene, which is the endogenous stimulator of maturation of all fruits, roots and potatoes, correlates with their keeping quality. The earlier ethylene is formed, which evaporates from the fruits (roots or potatoes), the sooner the maturation process develops and ends, and therefore the sooner the aging and decay processes begin, that is, the amount of ethylene released can be judged about the suitability of agricultural products for long-term storage.
Example 1
Evaluation of the keeping capacity of apples was carried out on the fruits of apples of the Anise variety of the 1997 harvest. From the batch of apples selected according to GOST, the highest quality fruits, laid them in a container of stainless steel and hermetically closed it. The apples in the container were held for 1 hour. At the outlet of the container with a hose of silicone rubber, a concentrator was installed and the air was evacuated from the container. Pumping speed 0.2 l / min, pumping time 10 min. The concentrator tube was then placed in a cuvette filled with an aqueous solution of 55 mg / l potassium permanganate and an air sample was pumped through the cuvette. The measurements were carried out by the photocolorimetric method at a wavelength of 528 nm, and the amount of ethylene contained in the analyzed sample was determined from the results of the change in the optical density. The amount of ethylene released is 1.6 × 10 -4 mg / L (liter is the volume of the gas sample over apples).
The remaining apples were divided into three parts with similar quality characteristics according to GOST in each of the parts. 5 kg of fruits were taken from each part of different quality, loaded into a container, closed and after 1 hour, gas samples were taken from each container. The amount of ethylene released is presented for each part of the lot in the table.
Example 2
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Estimation of potatoes keeping capacity was carried out on tubers of potatoes of the variety Lorkh Harvest of 1997. The analysis was carried out according to the algorithm considered in example 1. The results of the analysis are presented in the table. As follows from the table, there is a good correspondence between the amount of ethylene in the gaseous phase over the fruits and potatoes of various batches, differing in the quality of agricultural products stored, and the keeping capacity of these products. Compared with the known method, the proposed method is greatly simplified by using the photocolorimetric method for determining the amount of ethylene released during the analysis of the volatile components of the vital activity of fruits, roots and potatoes, which significantly reduces the cost of analysis, while ensuring the possibility of determining ethylene with metrological characteristics that are not inferior to metrological Characteristics of the prototype. |
USED BOOKS
1 Ac. USSR, MKI G 01 N 33/02, A 01 F 25/00 N 1464068. A method for assessing the keeping capacity of tubers of potatoes / A.Yu. Tomashchuk, R.A. Khmelnitsky, M.A. Bondarenko, S.I. Soloviev, Ya.Ya. Crimean. Opubl. 07.03.89. Bul. N 9. - the prototype.
2 Metlitsky L.V. Fundamentals of biochemistry of fruits and vegetables. -M .: Economics, 1976.-349 p.
3 Lurie Yu. Yu. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry: Ref. Ed. 6 th ed., Pererab. And additional. -M .: Chemistry, 1989. -448 p .: ill.
CLAIM
The method for determining the suitability of fruits, roots and potatoes for long-term storage, consisting in sampling volatile components of agricultural production, pumping air from the product through a gas sampling tube, analyzes the selected sample of volatile components by determining the amount of ethylene released and, as a result, Analysis is carried out to evaluate the suitability of agricultural products for long-term storage, characterized in that the analysis of the selected sample of volatile components is carried out in a photocolorimetric method, the reaction of ethylene with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate being used as an auxiliary reaction, while measuring the optical density of an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate, Its interaction with ethylene contained in the pumped air is carried out at wavelengths close to the wavelength of the maximum absorption of electromagnetic waves by MnO 4 - ions equal to 528 nm, and the auxiliary reagent is used in the working concentration range from 35 to 70 mg / l.
print version
Date of publication 07.03.2007gg
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