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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2199845

METHOD OF GROWING POTATOES

METHOD OF GROWING POTATOES

The name of the inventor: Starovoitov VI; Donets NV; Pavlova OA; Surovtsev RA; Chernikov VI; Chernetsov N.N.
The name of the patent owner: Limited Liability Company "AgroNIR"
Address for correspondence: 140052, Moscow region., Luberetskiy rn, p / o Korenevo, st. Lorkha, 21, apt. 54, V.I. Starovoitovu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2001.10.15

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing potatoes. Mineral and free-flowing organic fertilizers are locally applied to the area of ​​the row of potatoes, the planting is carried out in one, two or three lines, pre-emergence treatments of wide ridges are carried out by rotary rippers and / or profile tooth-teeth in combination with three-tier hills, post-emergence treatments Rotary rippers in combination with three-tier hilling paws, and hilling is carried out by two three-tier hilling paws or two pairs of disk hillers in combination with a three-tier paw. In wetland loamy soils loosen the subsoil layer when cutting the ridges and when compacting the soil during the period of hilling in the center of the aisle. The method allows to improve the quality of soil cultivation, to reduce its compaction, to increase the technological level of cultivation, to reduce the cost of production.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing potatoes by intensive technology under extreme conditions.

A method is known for growing seed potatoes in seed nurseries, including laying tubers through one furrow, sealing them with the formation of ridges, followed by the formation of wide ridges (1).

The disadvantage of the known method is its non-technological nature, multiple passes of aggregates for soil preparation.

A method for growing potatoes is known, which includes preliminary cutting of the ridges, filling the tubers in one row through them, care of the plantings is carried out by layerwise loosening of each row with three-tiered hillers with tooth-shaped burrs with the formation of wide ridges (2).

The disadvantage of the known method is that the formation of wide ridges is not made during planting, but after planting, by additional passage of the tractor unit, which increases the cost of production.

The task, the solution of which is directed to the invention, is to improve the quality of soil cultivation, reduce its compaction, increase the technological efficiency of the growing method, and reduce the production cost.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of growing potatoes includes preliminary cutting of the crests, planting, inter-row processing with the formation of wide ridges, simultaneously with cutting of wide ridges with deepening of the subsoil horizon; in the zone of the row of potatoes, mineral and free-flowing organic fertilizers are locally applied, Two or three lines, pre-emergence treatments of wide ridges are carried out with rotary rippers and / or profile tooth-burs in combination with three-tier hills, post-emergence treatments are carried out by rotary rippers in combination with three-tier hills, and hilling is carried out by two three-tier hills or two pairs of disk hogs In combination with a three-tiered paw with simultaneous deep loosening of the sub-plow layer of the row of rows.

Distinctive features of the claimed method is that simultaneously with cutting of wide ridges with deepening of the subsoil layer, mineral and loose organic fertilizers are locally applied to the area of ​​the row of potatoes, planting is carried out in one, two, or three lines, pre-emergence treatments of wide ridges are carried out by rotary rippers and / or Profile teeth in combination with three-tier hills, post-emergence treatments are carried out by rotary rippers in combination with three-tier hills, or two pairs of disk hillers in combination with a three-tier paw with simultaneous deep loosening of the sub-plow bed of the bottom of the rows. These differences make it possible to conclude that the claimed method of potato cultivation corresponds to the criterion of "novelty".

Comparative analysis of the proposed method with known technical solutions and a prototype shows that the proposed method is characterized by the presence of new technological methods - simultaneously with the cutting of wide ridges, the subsoil layer is deepened, mineral and loose organic fertilizers are locally applied to the zone of the row of potatoes, the planting is carried out in one, Or three lines, and pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments of wide ridges are carried out with rotary and / or profile tooth-bits in combination with three-tier hills, and hilling is carried out by two three-tier hills or two pairs of disk hillers in combination with a three-tiered paw with simultaneous deep loosening of the sub-plow layer Between rows. The presence of new technological methods in the proposed method of growing potatoes and their combination with known ones makes it possible to create favorable conditions for obtaining the planned potato yields with high qualities under extreme conditions, and to reduce the production cost. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "essential differences".

1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the cultivator working elements for cutting wide ridges with application of fertilizers; FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the working members during the processing of potato plantations prior to emergence with rotary rippers; FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of the working organs during treatment before emergence And on shoots with a profile tooth-tooth, in fig. 4 - a diagram of the arrangement of working organs for hummocking, it is indicated: 1-cultivator, 2-removable fertilizer bin. 3 - mulching vessels, 4 - soil dredging claw, 5 - three-tier paw. 6 - rotary rippers. 7 - tooth profile burrs, 8 - disc hillers.

The method is carried out as follows. When potatoes are cultivated on wetland loamy soils in autumn, after harvesting the previous crop, stubble, soil plowing followed by autumn cutting of wide ridges with inter-row spacing of 140 cm and with the deepening of the subsoil horizon with localization of the potato row of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers locally into the zone of the future, Wide ridges with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers and loose organic fertilizers into the zone of a row of potatoes.

On light soils in autumn, after harvesting the preceding crop, stubble and plowing are harvested with simultaneous harrowing of the field surface. In the spring, surface harrowing is carried out. Two or three days before planting, wide ridges with inter-row spacing of 140 cm are made with the introduction of nitroammophoski locally into the zone of a row of potatoes and loose organic fertilizers with a width of 7-10 cm to a depth of 15-20 cm. The crests are cut with a cultivator of the type KRN-4,2 Equipped with a removable bunker 2 for mineral and organic fertilizers.

The hopper is installed on the traction apparatus 3 instead of the cans - or the cans of increased capacity are installed. As fertilizers use complex mineral granulated fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the necessary proportions and quantities. As organic fertilizers, dry granulated biohumus is used, the dose of which per hectare is about 2.5 tons, which makes it possible to use the tractors of the cultivator. Organic fertilizers can be mixed with mineral fertilizers. During the movement of the cultivator, mineral or organic fertilizers or their mixtures are introduced into the open-cut soil of the paw 4 and covered with soil by three-tiered feet 5 mounted on the cultivator section. The pipelines are attached to the soil-dipping paws. The soil-dredging paws serve for deep loosening of the subsoil furrow horizon into which seed tubers will be planted. The soil-cultivating paws of the chisel cultivator type are made with an S-shaped stand, which are attached to the frame of the cultivator.

When cutting wide ridges, the tractor must move the extreme section of the cultivator along the furrow or the wheel of the tractor must be guided along the marker track.

2-3 days after slicing the crests, potatoes are planted with a potato planter, in which three openers are placed with a row spacing of 140 cm. Depending on the condition of the soil and the quality of the seed material, planting is carried out in one or two or three lines with a line spacing of 30 cm When landing in two lines on the potato planter, the disc-hole scooping devices are installed in pairs.

Planting is carried out by sprouting tubers with sprouts no larger than 2 cm by placing them 3-4 cm above the fertilizers applied and at their center with a distance between tubers in rows of 30-50 cm.

The first post-emergence treatment is carried out 10-12 days after planting with a cultivator equipped with rotary rippers 6 for wide ridges or with the help of a profile toothbrush 7 and three-tier hills 5.

The second treatment is carried out 10-12 days after the first treatment. The soil is treated with a comb up to 30-35 cm high and about 50 cm wide at the top, and 30-90 cm at the base. With two or three-row planting, the width at the top after treatment is 50-70 cm, the width at the base is 90-100 cm.

After the emergence of shoots and the growth of the tops, rotary rippers or tooth profile borons are removed, and soil cultivation is carried out by two three-tier hills that produce intensive crumbling of the soil in the aisles or two pairs of disk hillers in combination with the three-tier and pzczovuglibitelnoy paw. Disk hillbugs pile up loose soil to potato bushes, and when soil is compacted, the soil-dredging paws 4 are set in the center of the rows, which intensively loosen the sub-plow layer.

When using the proposed method of growing potatoes, a loose condition of the soil is clean from weeds, which creates favorable conditions for the growing of potatoes, increases the processability of the method, reduces the cost of production.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Auto. St. The USSR 738551, cl. A 01 G 1/00, 1980.

2. Auto. St. USSR 1584781, cl. A 01 B 79/02, 1990.

CLAIM

1. Method for growing potatoes, including preliminary cutting of the crests, planting, inter-row processing with three-tiered hillers with the formation of wide ridges, characterized in that simultaneously with cutting wide ridges, mineral and free-flowing organic fertilizers are locally applied to the area of ​​the row of potatoes, planting in one, two or Three lines, pre-emergence treatments of wide ridges are carried out with rotary rippers and / or profile tooth-bits in combination with three-tier hills, post-emergence treatments are carried out by rotary rippers in combination with three-tier hills, and hilling is carried out by two three-tier hills or two pairs of disk hillers in combination with Three-tiered paw.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that loosening of the subsoil layer during the cutting of the ridges and compaction of the soil during the period of hummocking at the center of the aisle is carried out on wetland loamy soils.

print version
Date of publication 07.03.2007gg