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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2229782
METHOD OF INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY
Name of the inventor: Bekuzarova SA (RU); Quirk MA (RU); Canan HG (RU); Tsagaraev EA (RU); Kudzaeva IL
The name of the patentee: North Caucasus Research Institute of mountain and foothill agriculture
Address for correspondence: 363110, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania p. Mikhailovsky Str. Williams, 1 SKNIIGPSKH, dir. H.G.Dzhanaevu
Starting date of the patent: 2003.05.22
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in improving soil fertility in biological agriculture. The method includes cutting and spreading of straw and sealing of it and into the soil with fertilizers. In use as a fertilizer mixture alcohol stillage in an amount of 150-200 l / ha and mineral water in an amount of 50-60 l / ha. The method allows to reduce the cost of fertilizer, reduce the number of passes over the field units, reduce soil compaction, reduce the cost of mechanized treatment 3-4 times.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in improving soil fertility in biological agriculture.
There is a method to increase soil fertility by plowing straw of winter grain crops (IV Rusakova, etc. Straw -. Important factor biologization agriculture // "Agriculture", №1, 2003, p.9).
In the known method of straw mineralization has been slow, especially when lack of moisture in autumn and summer after harvest of winter grains. Lack of fertilizer reduces the decomposition of straw.
There is a method in which the straw plowed with mineral fertilizers in the spring at a certain depth (patent №2050763, A 01 B 79/02, 13/16, 1995). However, with this method increased by fertilizer costs.
The closest technical solution is a method in which the straw is embedded into soil together with the nitrogen fertilizer. In this process, nitrogen stimulates the humification process increases the yield of agricultural crops (NM Nurmukhametov straw and green manure - important means of improving the microbiological activity of the soil // "Agriculture", №6, 2001, p.14).
The disadvantage of the prototype method is that the mineralization and decomposition of straw residues is slow, especially when lack of moisture in the summer-autumn period. Insertion nitrogen fertilizers for winter straw decomposed by 40-50%. In addition, for the subsequent cultivation in crop rotation and Culture and its full development and other essential micro- and macronutrients, enhancing soil fertility and productivity of crops sown. All this reduces the effectiveness of the process and increases the cost of fertilizer.
The purpose of the present invention - increase the efficiency of the method and soil fertility.
This object is achieved in that as fertilizer for straw mineralization using a mixture of alcohol stillage in the range 150-200 l / ha and mineral water in an amount of 50-60 l / ha.
Method is as follows
Bard alcohol - alcohol industry waste after cleaning and deposition comprising: nitrate nitrogen 17.5 mg / l nitrite 186 mg / l, Zinc 0.011 mg / l nickel 0.002 mg / l manganese 0,011 mg / l silver 0.00001 mg / l, cobalt 0.017 mg / l, 0,006 mg of vanadium / l, iron 0.6 mg / l.
Vinasse contained nitrogen compounds (nitrate and nitrite) is completely replaced by nitrogen fertilizers introduced in an amount of 30 kg / ha of active substance.
In addition to these elements contained in the vinasse (% on dry matter) Protein 25-28 40-42 nitrogen-free substances, fat 6.5, fiber 13-18 7-6 ash. These substances contribute to the development of the whole of the soil microflora.
The alcohol Bard is acidic (pH 4.8-5.2). With straw (about 5.6 ton / ha), having an alkaline reaction, soil acidification does not occur, it only accelerates decomposition. At higher doses (more than 200 l / ha) acidified the soil, which has a negative effect on the development of the crops sown and activity of soil microflora.
Enhances straw decomposition and mineral water (source Zamankul with the Republic of North Ossetia.), Which has in its composition (in m 2 / dm 3): 25000 sodium, boron 180, 65 iodine, bromine, 330, 56 lithium, rubidium 4.2, cesium 0.58, chlorides 43000 (laboratory data Tsentrvodresursy the Russian Federation, North Ossetia-Alania, the accreditation certificate № ROSS RU. 0001. 511 743).
Complementing the composition of distillery stillage, mineral water enriched culture medium treated area. Reaction medium alkaline (pH 8.2).
Justification of the dose of 50-60 l / ha microelements due to the number contained in the mineral water and alcohol and the required concentration for soil microflora.
Joint action of mineral water and spirit bards cause the synergy effect of the accelerated decomposition of straw while its enrichment of trace elements. With such a significant number of agricultural practices utilized bards and reduced costs for the cost of fertilizers. The mineral waters of natural springs and low-cost and environmentally friendly. A mixture of two components: the vinasse and mineral water accelerates the process of soil salinity. Elements of this mixture was completely absorbed by the soil complex without isolation into the air. This enriched straw is included in the re-circulation of mineral and organic food plant for the formation of a new biomass plants and obtain higher yield.
Decomposing, by the action of the straw contained in the alcohol and mineral water vinasse elements (chlorides, boron, sodium, etc.) Reduces the amount of development and plant pathogens of rodents. It is during the autumn-winter period does not pollute the soil a high concentration of nitrate and nitrogen compounds, organic phosphorus and potassium. Adding straw enriched the soil contributes to soil fauna, improves agrochemical and physical properties of the soil, causes intense decomposition of cellulose microflora, free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixers, ammonifiers, but also increases the overall biological activity of the soil.
Example 1. During the period of harvesting of winter wheat at threshing grain harvester Niva-5 straw crushed 5-10 cm long and evenly scattered all over the field. The ground straw poured a mixture of alcohol stillage (150 l / ha) and mineral water (50 l / ha). After 1-2 days diskovali field to a depth of 8-12 cm for further decomposition in the soil. Spring seeded legumes.
Example 2. The ground straw left after the harvesting of 2-3 weeks for protection of soil from drying and then sprayed with a mixture of alcohol stillage (200 L / ha) and mineral water (60 L / ha), followed by the cultivation of straw and soil incorporation. Spring planting of potatoes was carried out.
When using the proposed afromethod reduced costs for fertilizers, reducing the number of transitions in the field of aggregates, soil compaction is reduced, decreasing the cost of mechanized handling at 3-4.
These results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.
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CLAIM
A method for improving soil fertility, including cutting and spreading straw, closing it with fertilizers into soil, characterized in that the fertilizer as a mixture of alcohol stillage in an amount of 150-200 l / ha and mineral water in an amount of 50-60 l / ha.
print version
Publication date 08.03.2007gg
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