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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2189720
METHOD OF INCREASING SOIL FERTILITY
Name of the inventor: oddity MA .; Shorin rm .; Abiyev TS .; Misikov NA .; Doev L.YU .; Gasiev VI
The name of the patentee: North Caucasus Research Institute of mountain and foothill agriculture
Address for correspondence: 363110, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania p. Mikhailovsky Str. Williams, 1 SKNIIGPSKH
Starting date of the patent: 2001.03.22
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to improve soil fertility. The method includes straw plowing fertilizer. Liquid manure, fertilizers, lime or zeolite is made by straw rolls after the harvest of grains of cultures. Thus sown green manure crops space in the roll. In the fall of conduct cross field disking and chisel tillage. The invention can improve soil fertility and reduce erosion.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to agriculture.
There is a method of harvesting of grains of cultures, including the formation of rolls of straw, followed by removal of the field /O.E.Avrov, Z.M.Moroz. The use of straw in agriculture. - L .: Kolos, 1979, p.7 /. However, with this method, the soil is exposed to erosion processes, straw transport requires additional time and expense.
There is a method of composting litter and manure, straw in stacks with the addition of mineral phosphate fertilizers, lime and other components / VP Mamchenko Composts, their preparation and use of M: 1962 /. However, this method vysokozatraten leads to pollution when composts tab, making them into the soil.
The closest in technical essence to the claimed is a method comprising fertilizer after harvesting and plowing straw processing it with weed emergence (German application 3211330, 10.06.1986). This method is not sufficiently improves fertility and reduce erosion.
The purpose of the invention - reducing pollution and labor costs, increased activity of soil microorganisms.
This goal is achieved through the utilization of straw in windrows with livestock liquid waste mixed with fertilizers, lime or zeolite and sowing green manure crops in the roll area.
Method is as follows
Harvesting of grains of cultures spend harvesters DON-1500 type with the formation of clear boundaries straw rolls, which allows for the roll-quality green manure crop. In the space of the roll surface is carried out tillage, crop sowing green manure crops with fragile stems - sunflower, buckwheat and cabbage core drill SES-2.1 with coulters for sowing or Kolosov zernotravjanogo drill NWT-3.6.
In rolls of straw make liquid organic fertilizer / manure / in various combinations with mineral fertilizers, lime or zeolite depending on the needs of the soil and the availability of fertilizer. In the humid summer effectively making 1-2 t / ha of dry zeolite local deposits. Wheel units with liquid fertilising move on straw rolls, which reduces the load on the ground and at the same time seals the roll. At the time of plowing in green manure straw weight treated with fertilizers with various additives, is decomposed by 60-70%. Before plowing, disking subjected to field on the diagonal, and then carried out the processing of cultivators with chisel working bodies transversely to the direction disking, which allows to mix uniformly green mass and straw. The advantages of this method is that a mixture of semi-decomposed straw tillage and green manure has a direct effect on the yield of the first culture, but also enhances the aftereffect manure and green manure promotes replenishment of humus in the soil. Liquid manure fertilizer is applied evenly to the straw rolls.
On the experimental fields OPH "Mikhailovskoye" tested various options for application of fertilizers on the rolls.
example 1
After harvesting the winter wheat straw rolls were added SWC-6 slurry mixture of ammonium nitrate and zeolite. Six-ton capacity 2/3 filled with liquid manure and with stirring was added 18 kg of ammonium nitrate / at the rate of 3 kg / ha / 300 kg zeolite / 50 kg / ha / complementary capacity of liquid manure and treated with 6 hectares of fields.
In the space of the roll after the winter wheat harvest sowed sunflower continuous manner. Autumn spent disking, treatment with chisel cultivator working bodies and plowed a mixture of straw and green manure.
example 2
Capacity MGT-6 filled with liquid manure and treated straw rolls on 3 hectares. Inoculated sunflower rolls between continuous manner. Autumn prodiskovali diagonally to the sowing, followed by disking held across the chisel plowing and processing of biomass.
The proposed method can reduce the level of pollution and labor costs for removal of straw from the field, stationary composting, transportation and introduction. Plowed composted mass increases the activity of soil microorganisms that provide the soil with organic matter, reducing the density of the soil and erosion. The method allows to solve the problem ecologized utilization of straw and liquid animal waste.
CLAIM
A method for improving soil fertility, including straw plowing fertilizer, characterized in that the liquid manure, fertilizers, lime or zeolite is made by straw rolls after the harvest of grains of cultures, and the sown green manure crops in the roll space, and in the fall conducted a cross field disking and chisel tillage.
print version
Publication date 08.03.2007gg
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