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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2020800

METHOD OF GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO

METHOD OF GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO

The name of the inventor: Sharupich V.P.
The name of the patent holder: Small enterprise "Patent" All-Union Central Research and Design Institute "Giproniselprom"
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1991.10.10

Use: agriculture and biotechnology, in particular for the cultivation of tomatoes on hydroponics. Summary: Tomato plants are grown by planting seedlings with cotyledon leaves, three real leaves and three lateral shoots with five leaves and one flower brush on two shoots and two on the third, and the tips of all shoots are pinched. Plants in the process of leaving are formed by decade, removing the leaves according to the scheme and by the end of the fifth decade a part of the roots is removed, the proportion of the removed roots from the total mass of the roots being (0.1-1.0) , Where a is the fraction of the area of ​​the removed leaves in relation to the total area of ​​the leaves of the plant.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for growing plants, specifically to methods for growing tomatoes in hydroponic plants, namely by the multi-layered narrow-shelving hydroponics method.

A method of growing tomato plants is known, which includes planting seedlings, caring for plants and harvesting. This method involves the formation of a cenosis in a single stem. The yield of tomato cultivar "Flame" in greenhouses by this method is about 25 kg / m 2 per year.

The development of the method of multi-level narrow-columned hydroponics, the creation of hydroponic installations in the form of triangular prisms with trays established for them for growing plants, can increase the yield of tomatoes. In particular, the cultivation of tomatoes of the variety "Flame" allows for such plants to yield yields up to 100-250 kg / m 2 per year.

However, the formation of a single-stem cenosis makes it difficult to further increase the yield of plants. In addition, in the process of formation of the cenosis, the mass of roots should correspond to the mass of the leaves. This correspondence is not controlled in the known method of forming the cenosis, which leads to a decrease in the yield of plants.

The task is to create a method for growing tomato plants, in particular, on multi-level narrow-columned hydroponic plants, which would increase the yield of tomatoes.

In the method for growing tomato plants, in particular by the method of multi-layered narrow-shelving hydroponics, including seedling planting, plant care and harvesting, according to the invention, seedlings with cotyledon leaves, three real leaves and three side shoots with five leaves on each , One flower brush on two of them and two brushes on the third, with the tops of all side shoots subjected to prischipke, seedlings are planted in pots for hydroponic growing of plants, by the end of the first decade after planting seedlings, cotyledon leaves are removed, and the first, second and The third true leaves, by the end of the second decade, remove the first leaves of all the lateral shoots and grow the plants until the side shoots are formed with one leaf from the sinuses of the removed leaves, 7-8 fruits on each of the four brushes, the sixth sheet on one of the three side shoots, At the end of the fifth decade, remove the second and third leaves on the side shoot with six leaves, grow the plants until the seventh leaf forms on the said shoot, remove the second leaves on the two other shoots and start harvesting, while removing a part of the roots of the plant, The mass of the removed roots from the total mass of the roots is (0.1-1) , Where - the proportion of the area of ​​the removed leaves in relation to the total area of ​​the leaves of the plant.

Using as a seedling a "branched" tomato plant with a tip pricked and side shoots makes it possible to give the necessary "compact" shape in the subsequent plant, which ensures maximum use of the volume of the greenhouse, uniform illumination of plant areas, intensification of the production process, fruit ripeness, , Homogeneity of the fruit, the possibility of using machine cleaning.

The formation of the necessary number of leaves (and brushes) on certain shoots allows to give the plant the most compact shape, ensuring uniform illumination of its areas.

The removal of the above-mentioned leaves makes it possible to ensure the best, most uniform illumination of the plant sites for any arrangement of light sources.

In addition, the above features make it possible to achieve a technical effect specific for growing tomatoes in multi-tiered narrow-columned hydroponic installations, which consists in minimizing the effect of homogeneous magnetic fields on plants.

The method is explained in FIG. 1-7.

METHOD OF GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO METHOD OF GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO METHOD OF GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO

In Fig. 1 shows the tomato seedling 1 having a root 2, two cotyledon leaves 3, three true leaves 4, 5 and 6 used in the proposed method. The top of the plant 7 is pricked. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth leaves of the first lateral shoot are shown at 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively; the first, second, third, Second, third, fourth and fifth leaves of the second lateral shoot; at positions 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, respectively, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth leaves of the third lateral shoot, the brush 27 of the second lateral shoot and the brushes 28 and 29 of the third lateral shoot Escape. Positions 30, 31 and 32 denote the tips of the shoots subjected to prischipke.

In Fig. 2 shows the plant species by the end of the first decade after transplantation. Removed cotyledon leaves 3, and the first 4, the second 5 and the third 6 real leaves.

In Fig. 3 shows the plant species at the end of the second decade after the transplantation. The first leaves of the first, second and third shoots, respectively, 11, 16, 21, and a third sheet 23 of the side shoot with two brushes were removed. From the sinuses of the removed leaves appear lateral shoots, respectively, 33, 34 and 35.

In Fig. 4 shows the plant species at the end of the third decade. On each of the four brushes formed 7-8 fruits.

In Fig. 5 shows the plant species by the end of the fourth decade. The sixth sheet was formed on the first side shoot.

In Fig. 6 shows the plant species by the end of the fifth decade. Removed the second leaves (12, 22 and 17) on all lateral shoots. On the first shoot, the second sheet 13 was removed and the seventh sheet 38 was formed. On the third lateral shoot, the sixth sheet 39 appeared. Each of the brushes took off the first three fruits.

In Fig. 7 shows a scheme for removing excess roots 2 of plant 1 when removing leaves. Tomato plants 1 are placed in pots 40, and the latter into trays 41. Reference numeral 42 shows the area of ​​root being removed.

Example 1 . Cultivation of tomato plants on multi-tiered narrow-columned hydroponic installations was performed in a block-type greenhouse with a span of 6.4 m equipped with special automated solution units with differentiated regulation of the concentration and acidity of the working solution, irradiators of the type OT-200, OT-300, OT-600 with DIR lamps -200-6, DM3-3000, DM4-3000, DM1-6000, used in the irradiation system "Light" 3-3000, UARTU2-3000-1, UORT1-6000, UART3-3000. Hydroponic installations had a base of 0.9-1.4 m, a height of 2.0 m.

In the pots for growing plants, installed in the trays fixed on the girders of the hydroponic plant, planted seedlings of the tomato variety "Flame", containing cotyledonous leaves, three true leaves and three lateral shoots, each of the shoots has five leaves, two of these Shoots contain one flower brush, and the third two brushes, the tops of all lateral shoots are pricked; by the end of the first decade after the transplantation, the cotyledon leaves are removed, and the first, second and third real leaves. The average fraction of the area of ​​the removed leaves is statistically estimated in relation to the total leaf area of ​​the plant. It averaged 0.45. Remove (cut off) 45% of the average weight of the roots.

By the end of the second decade, removed the first leaves of all lateral shoots and the third leaf of the side shoot with two brushes. Side shoots with one leaf from the sinuses of the removed leaves were formed. The average fraction of the area of ​​the removed leaves is statistically estimated in relation to the total leaf area of ​​the plant. It averaged 0.32. Remove (cut off) 16% of the average weight of the roots.

By the end of the third decade, 7-8 fruits were formed on each of the four brushes. By the end of the fourth decade, a sixth sheet was formed on one of the three lateral shoots. By the end of the fifth decade, the second leaves were removed on all lateral shoots, the third leaf on the lateral shoot with six leaves. On the shoot with six leaves appeared the seventh leaf, the sixth leaf - on one of the two shoots with five leaves. With each of the brushes, the first three fruits were removed. The average fraction of the area of ​​the removed leaves is estimated in relation to the total area of ​​the leaves of the plant. It was 0.19. Remove (cut off) 1.9% of the average weight of the roots. By the end of the sixth decade, the remaining fruits were collected. The results are shown in the table.

Example 2-4 . Tomatoes were grown according to example 1, however, the density of planting was changed.

Example 5 . Cultivation of tomato plants was carried out with the formation of a single-stem cenosis, however, the plants were grown on the multi-tiered narrow-columned hydroponic installations specified in Example 1. The productivity of the cenosis is 250 kg / m 2 per year.

Thus, the proposed method allows to increase the yield of tomatoes to 1800 kg / m 2 per year.

CLAIM

METHOD FOR GROWING PLANTS OF TOMATO primarily on multi-tiered narrow-shelving hydroponic plants, including planting seedlings, caring for plants and harvesting, characterized by using seedlings with cotyledon leaves, three real leaves and three side shoots with five leaves on each, one flower brush On two of them and two brushes on the third, the tops of all the lateral shoots are pricked, the seedlings are planted in pots for hydroponic growing of plants, by the end of the first decade after the transplanting the cotyledon leaves are removed, and the first, second and third real leaves, By the end of the second decade, remove the first leaves of all the lateral shoots and grow the plants until the side shoots are formed with one leaf from the sinuses of the removed leaves, seven to eight fruits on each of the four brushes, the sixth leaf on one of the three lateral shoots, The second and third leaves on the side shoot with six leaves, the plants are grown until the seventh leaf forms on the said shoot; on the other two shoots, the second leaves are removed and the harvest begins, while a part of the roots of the plant is removed along with the removal of the leaves, The total mass of the roots is (0.1 - 1.0) , Where - the proportion of the area of ​​the removed leaves in relation to the total area of ​​the leaves of the plant.

print version
Date of publication 08.03.2007gg