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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2071711
A method of promoting cultivation of tomatoes in the winter glazed GREENHOUSES
Name of the inventor: Balabushevich AG .; Makos I.N .; Domareva OV
The name of the patentee: Balabushevich Alexander G.
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1996.07.15
Purpose: The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of intensive cultivation of vegetable crops such as tomatoes in greenhouses and greenhouses, including in the winter glazed greenhouses. SUBSTANCE: proposed method of promoting the cultivation of tomatoes includes certain system of plant nutrition. For carrying out the process before planting in a well sealed container is placed with walls and membranes, comprising a mineral or organic fertilizer in a ratio of N: P 2 O 5: K 2 O of 1: 1: 1 to 1.5: 1: 1.5. Then after 2-3 days after planting the plant on the soil surface in the stacking zone make organomineral fertilizer plants containing the fecal components, aqueous ammonia, lignite, complex fertilizer chlorine-free and ash in a certain ratio of the components in an amount of 1400-1600 kg / ha. The method provides while reducing fertilizer consumption accelerated growth and fruiting of tomatoes.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods of intensive cultivation of vegetable crops such as tomatoes in greenhouses and greenhouses, including in the winter glazed greenhouses.
There is a method of cultivation of vegetable seedlings of cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage Greenhouses including planting plants in nutrient, soil ground, containing by weight. bird droppings 9,5-19,8, phosphate fertilizers (in terms of P 2 O 5) and the rest 0,006-0,5 carbonate sapropel. However, this method has insufficiently high rates of productivity and requires the additional introduction of a micronutrient fertilizing [1]
There is a method of cultivation of tomatoes, including the introduction of nutrients (fertilizer) into the soil (zeolite substrate), planting, watering and harvesting [2]
A significant drawback of inadequate productivity.
The aim of the invention is to reduce the consumption of fertilizers and labor, improving performance in terms of yield, stimulation of tomato growth, ensuring improved quality of fruits, their keeping quality and nutritional value due to the proper organization of a mineral food with high content of phosphorus and potassium.
This is achieved by the fact that prior to planting plants in the hole is placed a device for continuous nutrient mixture according to the patent of RF N 2052237, 1996, which is a tightly sealed container for continuous feeding of fertilizer weighing 50-100 g, curb mineral or organic fertilizer with a ratio of N P 2 O 5 K 2 O 1: 1: 1 to 1.5: 1: 1.5, and the membrane container wall is made of high density polyethylene with a longitudinal orientation weight 13-22 g / m 2 on a porous substrate made from paper weight 40-60 g / m 2, and the membrane and the substrate are bonded kolloidirovaniem and then 2-3 days after planting the soil surface in the stacking zone make organomineral fertilizer plant by RF patent 2040888, 1995 in an amount of 1400-1600 kg / ha with the following nutrient mixture ratio of components, wt. fecal component (poultry manure, cattle manure, pig manure, human waste water) 20-45; aqueous ammonia 0,45-3,0; lignite 5-15; Chlorine-free fertilizer complex 5-15; ashes rest, and fertilization after planting, the plants can be carried out fractionally, and uninterrupted supply of fertilizer from a sealed container is carried out at a rate of not less than 0.015 g / h at 20-22 o C.
The essence of the method of stimulating the cultivation of tomatoes in the winter glazed greenhouses is to organize the supply of the mineral with high content of phosphorus and potassium, which improves the quality of fruits, their keeping quality and nutritional value. However, even better results can be obtained by making the entire complex elements supply including trace elements. There are two possible variants of tomato cultivation in the winter glazed greenhouses: prolonged circulation from February to November and the second turn after the completion of the cultivation of tomato in 1 turnover. Each of the methods has its own characteristics and is characterized by different modes of supply. If the extended circulation mode power supply consists of the main filling and subsequent dressings, in the second turnover, as a rule, at the initial stage of the plants consume the remaining batteries after the first turn, and only to the extent of their exhaustion spend feeding, frequency and amount of which is determined by agrochemical analyzes .
The ability of the method is illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1: Cultivation of tomato in the extended circulation.
In making the straw ridge in an amount of up to 70 t / ha. After forming the straw ridge carry out steaming soil-ground together with the straw on the conventional technology. In making the straw steamed 245 kg / ha of ammonium nitrate and 352 kg / ha of calcium carbonate. After lowering the temperature of the straw to 25-28 o C in the ridges make the hole depth of 12-15 cm, the number of which equals the number of plants planted in the greenhouse is usually 22-26 thousand. Per 1 hectare. To each well was placed the device in a sealed container for continuously feeding fertilizer, equipment or mineral complex fertilizers organomineralnymi N ratio P 2 O 5 K 2 O 1: 1: 1 to 1.5: 1: 1.5 in an amount of up to 100 g and a content of active substance of at least 10 wt. Fertilizer feed rate of at least 0.015 g / hr at 20 o C.
The hole set com seedlings. After 2-3 days after the landing of plants in the soil near the plants contribute organic-fertilizer, containing, by weight. fecal component 20; 30; 45; 0.45 aqueous ammonia; 1.5; 3.0; lignite 5; 10; 15; Chlorine-free fertilizer 5; 10; 15 and the rest of the ashes to 100, in an amount of 1400-1600 kg / ha. Fractional permitted introduction, when the first stage is made under seedlings 800-1000 kg / ha, and then every 3 months make 300 kg / ha (making two).
According to conventional schemes the main supply refills for tomatoes except calcium, magnesium, and organic matter is made, kg / ha of active substances to: N 80; P 2 O 5 250; K 2 O at 250 that, based on the actual amount of fertilizer is 1995 kg / ha. In the process of growing every 3-4 weeks feeding, the amount of which is determined by agrochemical analyzes of soils. Usually 3-6 feedings (usually crushed into smaller) parties. The standard dose of fertilizer top dressing is in the amount of not less than 650 kg / ha. Thus, total consumption of fertilizers to the whole growing period based calcium, magnesium, and organic substances is at least 8145 kg.
According to the proposed method based on the total mass of all substances of fertilizers, including organic substances is 4600 kg / ha, which is almost two times less.
Furthermore, the proposed method provides a continuous supply feeding fertilizers, thus the plants watered with water only, and this leads to the elimination of node preparation of nutrient solutions, and their pumping eliminates corrosion of equipment. Perhaps the use of drip irrigation systems, which provides water savings, eliminates clogging of the capillaries and prevents washing their fertilizers.
Example 2: Growing tomatoes in the second turn.
Taking into account the accumulated soil fertilizer, left after the first rotation, the proposed technology, after plowing ridges in the ground soil make holes for transplanting, they set com seedlings, and between the plants mounted device for the continuous supply of fertilizer at the rate of one unit for two plants. Others do not require fertilizer. Initially, the plants receive the accumulated material, and after 30-40 days after planting are powered by fertilizer supply devices.
According to conventional techniques in the second circulation is performed 3-6 dressings, making up to 800 kg / ha of fertilizer by mass based agrochemical analyzes.
According to the inventive method contained in all devices to 1,000 kg / ha of fertilizer, which are consumed for 4 months at 40% or 400 kg / ha.
Consequently, the proposed method of promoting the cultivation of tomatoes with a sharp reduction in fertilizer consumption, simplifies the process of taking care of plants, while ensuring accelerated growth and fruiting.
CLAIM
1. A method of stimulating the cultivation of tomatoes in greenhouses glazed winter comprising planting plants into the soil, the soil application of fertilizers, soil irrigation and harvesting, characterized in that the fertilizer is carried out first before the planting hole by stacking a tightly sealed container for continuously feeding fertilizer curb or mineral complex fertilizers organomineralnymi ratio NP 2 O 5 K 2 O 1 1 1 1 1.5 to 1.5 in an amount of 50-100 g, wherein the membrane wall container made of high density polyethylene with a longitudinal orientation weight 13- 22 g / m 2 on a porous paper weight of 40-60 g / m 2, and the membrane and the substrate are bonded kolloidirovaniem, then 2 3 days after planting the plant on the soil surface in the stacking zone make plants organomineral fertilizer in an amount of 1400 1600 kg / ha in the following ratio fertilizer weight.
Fecal component (poultry manure, cattle manure, pig manure, human waste water) 20 45
Aqueous ammonia 3.0 0.45
Lignite May 15
Integrated Chlorine-free fertilizer May 15
Ash rest
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer is carried out after planting, the plants fractional.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the continuous supply of fertilizer sealed container at speeds of at least 0.015 g / hr at 20 - 22 o C.
print version
Publication date 08.03.2007gg
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