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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2187928
SOIL FOR GROWING PLANTS
The name of the inventor: E. Ermakov; Ya. Zheltov; Surgutanov Yu.P.
The name of the patent holder: Ermakov Evgeny Ivanovich ; Zheltov Yury Ilyich; Surgutanov Yuri Petrovich
Address for correspondence: 197342, St. Petersburg, Lanskoye sh., 10, building 1, ap. 21, YI Zheltovu
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.10.07
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing various crops, as well as flowers, for rooting cuttings of fruit and other crops. The soil contains peat moor peat neutralized to pH 5.5-6.0 with peat-reducing substances, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers, expanded clay and additionally phosphorite flour. The ratio of components per 1 dm 3 of peat in g is as follows: sand 70-80; Clay 50-60; Mineral fertilizers 2-5; Phosphorite flour 4-6. Use uprooted peat with particles not less than 1 mm. The ratio of peat with the rest of the components and expanded clay in volume is 1: 1. The use of the invention makes it possible to increase the productivity of plants.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing various crops, as well as flowers, rooting cuttings of fruit and other crops.
In agriculture, soil is widely used on the basis of peat with various organic and mineral additives, improving its physicochemical and water-physical properties.
A substrate for growing grape seedlings is known, including peat, which additionally contains clinoptilolite in a mass ratio of peat to clinoptilolite 1: 4 (AS USSR 1393362, A 01 G 31/00 1998).
The disadvantages of this substrate are: first, the fact that in the process of growing plants in its pores accumulate organic substances formed by the action of microflora and root secretions, which are often phototoxic; Secondly, under the influence of biogenic, chemical and physical factors, the substrate undergoes intensive destruction, as a result of which fine particles accumulating in it accumulate, which deteriorate the water-physical properties of the substrate, especially in the lower part where the bulk of the roots is located.
There is a method for obtaining a substrate for growing plants, including the introduction of mineral nutrients into the peat, and to improve the water-physical properties, by stabilizing them in time, a fibrous fraction of peat obtained by crushing an unbroken structure in a frozen state in an amount of 20 to 80 vol. % (AS USSR 1630698, A 01 G 31/00 1988).
The introduction of mineral nutrients into the peat in a solid or liquid state does not provide the plant with the necessary quantities of macro- and, especially, microelements, which leads to a decrease in their productivity. In addition, it is very difficult to obtain a substrate with uniform water-physical properties when mixing such ingredients, which leads to uneven growth and development of plants.
For growing plants in greenhouses, a substrate containing crushed ceramsite, organic matter and sand is proposed with the following ratio of components, weight. %: Crushed ceramsite - 45 ÷ 56, sand - 26 ÷ 28, organic matter - 18 ÷ 24 (AS USSR 707546, A 01 G 31/00 1977).
One kilogram of this substrate contains 520 g of crushed claydite, 280 g of sand and 200 g of organic matter represented by top peat. The bulk mass of expanded clay is 0.7 g / cm 3 , sand - 1.5 g / cm 3 , peat moor peat - 0.1 g / cm 3 . In this claydite contains ~ 742 cm 3 , sand ~ 186 cm 3 and peat moss ~ 2000 cm 3 . Such a volume ratio of components, when the volume of expanded clay is about one third of the volume of peat, does not ensure the stability of water-physical properties over time. Gradual compaction of the substrate disrupts the air regime of the roots and reduces the productivity of plants.
The closest to the claimed is a known soil mixture containing peat moss, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and acid-reducing peat substances at the following ratio (per 1 liter of the mixture), g; Clay - 50 ÷ 60; Sand - 120 ÷ 160; Superphosphate - 1,5 ÷ 2,0; Non-ballast complex fertilizer 2.0 ÷ 5.0; Top peat, neutralized to pH 5.5 ÷ 6.0 - the rest. (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2067969, C 05 F 11/04, 1996).
However, this soil mixture, as well as other root crops, based on peat moss, tends to become densified with time, as a result of which aeration of the roots is disturbed, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of plants. It should also be noted that with milled peat billets, a small fraction (less than 1 mm) is often present, which significantly impairs the initially water-physical properties of soil and soil mixtures.
We took this soil mixture as a prototype.
The proposed invention is aimed at increasing the productivity of plants.
This goal is achieved as follows. Soil plant for growing plants "Agrofit M", containing peat, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers, reducing the acidity of the peat substance and expanded clay, characterized in that it contains these components at the following ratio (per 1 liter of peat peat with particles no less than 1 mm, neutralized to a pH of 5.5 ÷ 6.0), g:
- Sand - 70-80
- Clay - 50-60
- Mineral Fertilizers - 2-5
- Phosphoric flour - 4-6
- The ratio of this top peat with components and expanded clay is 1: 1 by volume.
Soil is prepared as follows. In peat moss, from which particles less than 1 mm are sifted, first substances neutralizing the acidity (chalk, lime, dolomite flour) are introduced so that the peat reaction is brought to a pH of 5.5 ÷ 6.0. Then, based on 1 liter of peat sand is introduced, clay in the form of powder, phosphorite flour, mineral fertilizers and everything is thoroughly mixed. The resulting mass is mixed in equal volumes with the expanded clay fraction.
Soil-prepared soil "Agrofit M" was used for growing plants. Positive effect on the plants of the proposed soil is achieved by reducing the content of peat in it and stabilizing its structure in the presence of equal in volume peat with expanded clay.
Plants of tomato varieties "Ultrabek" were grown in vessels with a capacity of 3 liters in a light installation under DNAT-400 lamps with heat-absorbing solid-fiber filters. The productivity of tomato plants on the proposed soils in comparison with the prototype increased by 33% (table).
CLAIM
A soil plant for growing plants containing peat, neutralized to pH 5.5-6.0 with peat-reducing substances, sand, clay, mineral fertilizers and expanded clay, characterized in that it additionally contains phosphorite flour at the following ratio of components per 1 Dm 3 of peat moss in g:
Sand - 70 - 80
Clay - 50 - 60
Mineral fertilizers - 2 - 5
Phosphorite flour - 4 - 6
Peat with peat particles of at least 1 mm is used, and the ratio of the top peat with the remaining components and expanded clay in volume is 1: 1.
print version
Date of publication 08.03.2007gg
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