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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2045147
METHOD maize
Name of the inventor: Fly Vladimir Dmitrievich [RU]; Chapko Peter Kravchuk [UA]; Boukreev Dmitry [RU]; Grishchenko Nikolai Vladislavovich [RU]; Fly Dmitry [UA]; Soroka Vitaliy G. [UA]; Dolzhenkov Sergey Ivanovich [RU]; Grigory Soroka
The name of the patentee: Kursk Agricultural Institute im.I.I.Ivanova
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1991.06.19
The invention relates to agriculture. The method of cultivation of maize is to carry out the preparation of seeds, soil preparation, growing seedlings in the hard cartridges and feeding cartridges with seedlings in the jaws planted apparatus planting machine in such a way that the first pair of true leaves is located in the plane perpendicular to the row axis, the landing step equal to the minimum the diameter of the root system of corn 0,10.0,15 m depth.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agricultural production, particularly to methods for the cultivation of corn for grain in seed farms, for example, in the first year of breeding nurseries.
The closest technical solution is a method of growing cucurbits, including primary and secondary tillage, seedbed treatment of seeds, growing seedlings in stiff cartridges, filled to 2 / 3.3 / 4 of the height of the soil, transplant rounds with seedlings in open ground planted devices transplanter on depth less than the total length of up to 3 cm and the subsequent care of the plants along the guide slots.
Disadvantages of the method are as follows. Yields depend on cucurbits planting density, which in turn depends on the planting density, which in turn depends on the type of design stems. It is known that the type of branching stems design not only limits the maximum number of plants per unit area, but does not allow to apply agricultural practices based stems placing in the ranks. Therefore, the direct application of the recommendations made in the process of cultivation of cucurbits, corn planting seedlings will not allow to get the grain harvest increase by increasing the density of stalks when oriented placing their stems in the ranks.
The aim of the invention is to increase grain yields by increasing plant density of corn.
The goal is achieved by a method comprising treating the soil, seed treatment, the cultivation of seedlings with closed root system in the hard cartridges and planting seedlings in open ground at a predetermined pitch planting, all plants at planting is oriented so that the first pair of true leaves is in plane perpendicular to the axis of the row, and the landing step equal to the minimum diameter of the root system of corn to a depth of 0.10. 0.15 m, and transplanting are produced in phase two true leaves.
Before entering the apparatus clamps planted seedlings cartridge is oriented by rotation about a vertical axis of symmetry by an angle that provides direction toward the lamina of adjacent rows. Control of the ammunition feed quality is performed on the Status of the sides of the leaf blades stalks: they should be located perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rows of plants. Tolerance between the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lamina and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the row in the sealing area of the cartridge is 15.20 on the corner. Calculations show that for a given angular tolerance for squareness and minimum landing step 0,15 m, leaf blades slightly neighboring plants shade each other. Simultaneously with the planting produce soil watering over the length of the rut.
To prepare the hard cartridges seized a cane with an inner diameter of 15.16 mm and a hand cut 500 pcs. length 80 mm ammunition. The selection of the soil and its preparation produced according to the above procedure. Corn seeds have selected the absolute weight of 100 pieces. grains to 240 g Caryopsides medium had the following dimensional characteristics: length 12 mm, width of 8 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. Laboratory germination of 97%
Germinated seeds in a portable greenhouse at a humidity of 20.22% and a temperature of 20.24 ° C Shoots pporostkov got 6.7, and two true leaves at 11.12 the day after the start of germination. Process parameters of seed germination was maintained in an oven set limits.
Transplant seedlings in open ground have made transplanter, which equip a device for controlling a cartridge feed angle in the planting machine clamp.
Row spacing of 0.7 m and a minimum step landing 0.20 m chosen taking into account the biological characteristics of the hybrid Dnieper-320. To do this in the winter greenhouse were established laboratory experiments to determine the minimum diameter of the root system at a depth of 0,10.0,15 m.
Using the proposed method provides over existing methods the following advantages.
Submission of ammunition from the seedlings are planted in the clamps machines the long sides of the leaf blades of true leaves perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rows of plants rows of plants allows you to get oriented placement of stems, which greatly reduces the degree of shading of leaves and increases the photosynthetic activity of plants, their individual productivity.
Orientation allows the stems in a row to increase the number of plants on the area and thus creates conditions for a substantial increase in yield value is 0,3.0,6 gain t / ha as compared to conventional technology; the maximum number of plants is limited choice minimum landing step which depends on the minimum diameter of the root system of corn 0,10.0,15 m depth.
Orientation accuracy depends on accuracy of feeding cartridges into the jaws planted apparatuses, the probability of correct maximum accuracy feed is provided when the seedlings are transplanted in phase two true leaves.
CLAIM
METHOD maize, including soil treatment, treatment of seeds, growing seedlings with closed root system in the hard cartridges and planting seedlings in open ground with a predetermined landing step, characterized in that all the plants when planting is oriented so that the first pair of true leaves is located in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the row, with a step equal to the minimum landing diamertu corn root system at a depth of 0.10 0.15 m and transplanting produce in phase two true leaves.
print version
Publication date 09.03.2007gg
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