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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2077840
METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF LAMINARIES
In the year-round cycle under the conditions of the Far East
The name of the inventor: Krupnova TN
Name of patent holder: Pacific Research Fisheries Center
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1995.03.29
Use: in mariculture when growing laminaria in a one-year cycle. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The seedlings are grown under controlled conditions to a size of 0.1-0.5 mm at the stage of early sporophyte. The transfer of early sporophyte to the sea is carried out in the 2nd-2nd decade of September on the same substrate and is grown until the appearance of well-developed rhizoids during 25-30 days at the 0-0.5 m water horizon. Then the plant is transplanted to streams with a density of 1-2 plants At a distance of 50-100 cm and cultivated on horizontal lines in the water horizon of 0-0.5 m. Harvesting is performed until the water temperature reaches 16-18 ° C in June-July. The method allows to shorten the period of growing commercial laminaria and labor costs.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a mariculture, namely to the artificial cultivation of Japanese kelp.
A method is known for cultivating Japanese laminaria in a two-year cycle in the Far East [1]. According to the method in the first year of life in the juvenile stage of development of sporophytes, horizontal canals with streamers are placed in the water horizon at a temperature (+2) - (-2) ° C, illumination 20 -35 thousand. At the stage of primary growth of sporophytes, they are thinned, transplanted and placed in a horizon with a temperature of 2-12 ° C, illumination of 6-12 thousand. In the second year of life, at the stage of secondary growth of the plates, the channels with streamer lines for adaptation are raised in layers with a temperature of 8-14 ° C, illumination of 20-40 thousand. Then, at a stage of intensive secondary growth, sporophytes are placed in the horizon at a temperature of (-2) - (+12) o C, illumination of 40-80 thousand cub.tons and grown until harvest.
The drawback of the method is the length of laminaria growth.
A method is known for the cultivation of sea kale cabbage wokame and kombu using a special floating device "[2] when in seedlings under controlled conditions sprouts are grown from seedlings, after which the seedlings are transferred to a floating device in the sea.The seedlings up to the value of 5 rin (1 rin 0.303 mm) , I.e., up to 1.5 mm, is grown at a water density of 0.010-1.030 at a depth of> 3.6 m and at a seawater temperature of below 25 ° C. The invention allows a large number of healthy seedlings to be obtained.When the healthy seedlings are transferred to a floating device Create favorable conditions in sea water.
Disadvantage of the method is a long period of cultivation of marketable cabbage.
The closest technical solution is the method of growing Japanese kelp, described in [3] which includes the cultivation of seedlings in shop conditions, transferring it to the sea and cultivating to obtain marketable products.
Seedlings in the shop are grown for 45 days to a length of 2 cm, by October 10 transferred to the sea and by November 10 the average length of sporophytes was 17-18 cm, the maximum 32 cm.
The lack of this method of cultivation did not receive commercial laminaria as a result of the late period of seabird outflow in the sea and the inability due to this sporophytes to reach due to the reduction in the favorable period (the presence of temperatures up to 16-17 o C) of the necessary commodity sizes.
The problem solved by the invention is to shorten the growing period to produce commercial kelp for 12 months from the moment of challenging the substrate, to reduce labor costs by eliminating the lifting of the streamer lines and excluding the thinning operation of seedlings.
The essence of the invention consists in the following: a spore suspension from the uterine pharyngeal laminaria is obtained in the second to third decade of August and is challenged by it with a rope substrate that is placed in a seedling growing workshop. When it reaches a size of 0.1-0.5 mm, the substrate with seedlings (the stage of early sporophyte) is transported to the plantation in the sea, placing them between horizontal canals at a depth of 0-0.5 m. Under these conditions, sporophytes are cultivated for 25-30 Day to the size of 20-30 cm, which corresponds to the stage of development of the first stage of commodity sporophyte, i.e. Until the appearance of well-developed rhizoids. After that, plants are transplanted to new substrates for growing commercial laminaria with a density of 1-2 thallus per 50-100 cm of substrate length and placed in the water horizon of 0-05 m and cultured until June-July, ie. Until the water temperature in the sea rises to 16-18 ° C.
Example 1 . Selection of uterine thallus was carried out on August 18, 1992 from a plantation in the b. Reef southern Primorye, after which they were delivered to the experimental base of TINRO mariculture on the island of Popova, where they were stimulated to obtain a spore suspension. The challenging substrates of ropes with a diameter of 4 mm were conducted on August 20, after which the challenged substrates were placed in the growing basins where the cultivation was carried out at a constant temperature of 10-11 ° C. The illumination in the first 14 days in the gametophyte stage is increased from 500 to 3000 lux, the photoperiod is maintained at 14 : 10, apply aeration, make a daily water change of 20%, make a nutrient solution 10 days every seven days, containing 7.7 grams of urea, 0.04 g of potassium iodide, 1.9 g of phosphoric acid in 1 liter of distilled water Sodium, 0.175 g of Mora salt, O, 335 trilon B, 0.0072 g of iron trichloride, 0.286 g of crystalline boric acid, 0.018 g of manganese chloride, 0.0013 g of zinc chloride, 0.03 of cobalt chloride. The solution was added at a rate of 1 hour of the solution per 100 h of water, and the solution was prepared in three different containers as follows, g:
Solution A
- Distilled water 0.5 l
- NH 2 CONH 4 7.7
- KI 0.04
- Na 2 HPO 4 1.9
Solution B
- Distilled water 0.25 l
- The Mora salt 0.175
- Trilon B 0.330
Solution C
- Distilled water 0.25
- Trilon 0.5
- FeCl 3 .6H 2 O: 0.072
- H 3 BO 3 (crystalline) 0.072
- MnCl 2 4H 2 O 0.018
- ZnCl 2 0.0013
- CoCl2 · 6H2O 0.003
The solutions are combined, sedimented and adjusted to pH 7.8 by adding 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate solution. Starting from the 14th and 35th day of growing at the sporophyte stage, the illumination increases from 3000 to 15000 lux, increasing daily by 500-700 lux, the nutrient solution is applied once every 7 days at a ratio of 1:50, changing daily 20% of water to fresh, one Once in 5-7 days spend a half-change of water.
With this growing, gametophytes appear on day 527, sporophytes on day 10 and 14, and on the 30th day of seedlings have a length of 0.5 mm. After that, on September 20, the seedlings were transferred to the sea on a plantation on the same ropes-substrates in the 0-0 m horizon. By October 25, the seedlings reached a length of 25-30 cm, had well-developed rhizoids. On 25 October, 5 November, seedlings, along with the rhizoids, were removed from ropes and transplanted to planting plantations of rope with a diameter of 8 mm for 1-2 thalli into the nest 50 cm. The streams were placed horizontally in the water column at a depth of 0.5 m.
Thus, 12 months after the challenge, by June 20, the commercial laminaria had a length of 2.5 3 m, a width of 25-28 cm, a thickness of 3.5-4 mm. The content of dry substances in it was 15.7% alginic acid-33% magnet 10%, which corresponds to the best indicators of biennial commercial laminaria of the natural vegetation, reaching the same parameters for 22 months from the moment of settling zoospores.
Example 2 . Selection of uterine thallus was carried out on August 20, 1993 from natural thickets near the islands of the Verkhovsky Bay of Peter the Great. The seedlings were grown in the shop on the experimental base of Popova Island. The growing conditions of the seedlings were as in Example 1, but the seedlings were transferred to the sea on the 25th day of growth at a length of 0.1 mm. The seedlings were transferred to the sea on the same substrates on which it grew in the workshop to the 0-0.5 m horizon. By October 20, the seedlings in the sea had reached the length of 30-35 cm, had strong rhizoids, on October 20-30 seedlings along with the rhizoids Removed from rope-substrates and transplanted to plantation streamer lines and as in example 1. After 12 months by June 20, the kelp achieved high commercial qualities as in example 1.
CLAIM
Method for cultivating laminaria in a one-year cycle in the Far East, including growing seedlings under controlled conditions, transferring it to the sea, growing and harvesting, characterized in that growing seedlings under controlled conditions is carried out to a size of 0.1 0.5 mm at the stage of early Sporophyte, transfer of early sporophyte to the sea is carried out in the second third decade of September on the same substrate, where the challenge was conducted, and are grown until the appearance of well-developed rhizoids (the first stage of commodity sporophyte) during 25-30 days at the 0-0 m water level, After which the plants are transplanted to streamers with a density of 1 2 plants at a distance of 50-100 cm and cultivated on horizontal lines in the water horizon of 0.5 m, and harvesting is performed until the water temperature in the sea reaches 16-18 ° C in June-July .
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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