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DEVICES, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INCREASING VICINITY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE CROPS
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2071255

METHOD OF FIELD VERMICULTURE

METHOD OF FIELD VERMICULTURE

The name of the inventor: Chicherin G.М.
Name of patent holder: Siberian Research Institute of Peat
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1994.11.29

Method of field vermicultivation. The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the processing of organic waste in biohumus. The purpose of the invention is the production of vermiculture products due to the field year-round process in cold winter conditions. The method of field vermiculture, including the preparation of organic waste by composting, preparation of the substrate by mixing the composted waste and cellulose and mineral additives, the infilling of the substrate by worms and their cultivation, is laid in autumn in the fall in the vermicompost of winter vermicultivation next to the perforated tube-aerator, From the side of the pipe above the ridge of the bio-warming clamp from the substrate, at the beginning of winter, the burt is warmed, for example with a layer of straw, in the other part of the field, when the cold starts, layers of no more than 2 m in width, not more than 0.35 m in height, In the spring, during the melting of snow, the frozen components of the tape are mixed, then the mixture is moved from the permafrost to the warmed soil, forming a conical ridge of summer vermicultivation, then on the permafrost side, for example, from the winter vermigrid, form the "M" -shaped depression in the formed ridge. In addition, in the process in the summer vermiculturization period, a uterine culture containing various groups of "dung" and "soil" worms is populated, in the autumn, "dung" worms are lured out of the ridge, and the remaining part of the vermicompost with young and cocoons of "soil" worms is scattered over the surface of the field , Containing mulch.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for processing a wide range of organo-containing wastes in an environmentally friendly fertilizer biohumus directly on a fertilized (animated) field all year round, including the winter period. This method can find application in mulching technology in the bioindustrial system of rundown agriculture (BISGMZ).

A method for growing worms in a nutrient medium made in the form of a ridge is known (US Patent No. 4,513,685, cl. A 01 K 67/00, 1985). The method is based on the expansion of the ridge by adding material with nutrients, which causes migration of the worm population along the guide when this population increases. Then the increment of the migrating worm population is directed to a device that separates this increment from the ridge. The rest of the migrating population of worms is kept in the ridge as a fiery population.

The disadvantage of the known method of vermicultivation is the low volume of production of vermicompost because of its use only in the summer, and in limited areas, and not in the field.

The method closest to the proposed method is the method of production of vermicompost (Gorodnitsky NM et al., Vermiculture and its effectiveness, K. 1990 Agriculture, overview, UkrNIIPTI Series Agriculture, agrochemistry, agricultural melioration with 5-6) including Preparation of organic wastes, colonization of the substrate by worms, their cultivation, covering the substrate with a layer of straw.

In order to intensify the method, before glueling in the substrate, glaucanite is added as a source of trace elements in an amount of 5-15%, and as an adsorbent, zeolite in an amount of 5-10% of the dry weight of the substrate.

The disadvantage of the known method is the possibility of its field year-round use only in places with warm winters. For conditions, for example, the cold Siberian winter, this method is not suitable.

The aim of the invention is to produce vermiculture products through a field year-round process, the integrated use of "dung" and "soil" earthworm cultures.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the field vermiculture method, which includes the preparation of organic waste by composting, the preparation of the substrate by mixing the composted waste and the cellulose-containing and mineral additives, filling the substrate with worms and cultivating them, according to what is claimed in it directly in one part of the field, they are laid in autumn in the vermicompost of winter vermicultivation Next to the perforated pipe aerator, then form the side of the pipe above the ridge of the biological recovery boom from the substrate, in the beginning of winter, heat the boot, for example, with a layer of straw; in the other part of the field, when the cold starts, layers of peat bogs, for example, The height is not more than 0.35 m, in the spring, during the melting of snow, the frozen components of the tape are mixed, then the mixture is moved from the permafrost to the heated soil, forming a conical ridge of summer vermicomposting, then on the permafrost side, for example, Vermigryady, thus forming an M-shaped depression in the formed ridge.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that in a row of summer vermiculture colonize with a mother culture containing different groups of "dung" and "soil" worms, in the fall, the larvae are mostly lured out of the ridge, while the remaining part of the vermicompost with the young and cocoons of soilworms is scattered over the surface of the oat containing Mulch.

According to the information available to the authors, the set of essential features characterizing the essence of the claimed invention is not known from the state of the art, which makes it possible to conclude that the invention meets the "novelty" criterion.

In the opinion of the authors, the essence of the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, which makes it possible to conclude that it corresponds to the "inventive step" criterion.

The implementation of the claimed bio-heating booth allows you to abandon the construction of large-scale expensive zimovalnikov vermiculture, but also to preserve and ensure the reproduction of earthworms necessary for the settlement of 4-5 vermigryad summer field vermiculture. Thus, the invention can find industrial application.

METHOD OF FIELD VERMICULTURE

FIG. 1 shows the elements of the claimed method of field vermicultivation of a biological recovery booth; 2, a peat-and-wrap belt; 3 of the vermicultivation summer vermigrate.

Directly on the part of the fertilized field (Fig. 1), in autumn, it is laid using, for example, a distributor of the mixer of a mobile CPR 10 in the vermigoum of winter vermicultivation 1, containing predominantly "dung" worms. On one side of the ridge 1, a perforated aerator tube 2 is laid. The flow of the microbiological (mesophilic) regime in the biobase heating collar 3 is regulated by means of the aerator tube 2, and air is provided by the central part of the biological warming-up collar 3, which facilitates the populating of the central part and the creation of vermiburt. Above the ridge 1, from the side of the pipe 2, a bio-heating block 3 is formed from a pre-prepared organic substrate. At the beginning of the winter, with the onset of the frost period, a forage is warmed, for example, with a layer of straw 15-20 cm thick. The bioheating of the vermigrid is provided by changing the psychrophilic and mesophilic microbiological decomposition regimes of the organic matter of the collar with periodic regulation of the air supply, for example, from the compressor and maintaining the temperature 20 ± 5 o C. In the other part of the field (Fig. 2) in the winter, in the event of stable colds, strips are laid layer by layer, for example, peat bogs 2 m wide, 0.35 m high. Fig. 2 shows a layer of manure 5 and peat 6. In FIG. 2 and in accordance with claim 7, there is depicted a snow shaft formed by a bulldozer in the presence of a high snow cover, and under subparagraph 8 a section of the formed permafrost.

It has been experimentally established that with a tape width of more than 2 m and a height of> 0.35 m, the glacier effect is observed; The tape is not thawed for a long time in the spring. Table 1 shows the terms of the dimensioning of the tapes.

As the results of Table. 1, in early spring during the melting of snow a heap and a belt with a width of more than 2 and a height of more than 0.35 m are in a frozen state and can not be mixed during this period, optimal for the colonization of earthworms.

In spring, during the melting of snow (mid April), the hardened components 5 and 6 of the tape are mixed, for example, with a screw-mounted mixer and the mixture is shifted from the area of ​​the warm (thawed) soil under the permafrost zone 8 under a slope of a bulldozer shovel. Permafrost 8 allows the passage of heavy equipment, without the formation of rutting and soil trauma, performs anti-erosion functions. Moving the mixture from the permafrost 8 to the heated section, it is formed from it vermiigu 9 of the conic section, and then (without waiting for the thawing of the permafrost 8) from the permafrost 8 to this ridge 9, which retains the maximum amount of nutrients, lay a vermicompost 10 from the winter vermibourt 3 Bio-warming), containing the uterus culture of "rain" worms, thus forming an M-shaped depression in the formed ridge, necessary for retaining moisture. This vermigryda is thus prepared for the summer field vermiculture.

It should be noted that the ridge of summer vermiculture is populated with a mother culture containing various types of "dung" and "soil" worms. "Dung" worms, for example the red Californian hybrid, the Chui manure worm, the local Siberian form of the tiger dung worm, etc., are humic formers, i.e. Process a set of organo-containing waste (mulch, root residues) in biohumus. "Soil" worms (creepers, etc.) process hard-to-reach compounds of humus and nutrients in the soil and cultivate it.

In the fall, they lure mainly "dung" worms, because By this time they reach puberty, and the remainder of the vermicompost with the young and the cocoons of the "soil" earthworms are scattered on the surface of the field containing mulch. Spreading the "living" vermicompost allows not only to fertilize the soil of the field, but also to improve it by activating the soil biota. Mulch on a fertilized field is necessary to ensure the vital activity of earthworms, to create an optimum humidity within the range of 22-75% a and is the breeding ground for "dung" worms left on the field.

The use of the claimed method allows unlimited increase in the volume of production of vermicompost with simultaneous cultivation (improvement) of soils due to the continuous year-round field process of vermicultivation with the use of different types of earthworms ("dung" and "soil"), ensuring complete waste-free and high ecological compatibility in restoring landscapes and creating Microagrolandscape.

CLAIM

1. Method of field vermiculture including the preparation of industrial wastes and organic wastes by composting, the infilling of the substrate by worms, their cultivation, covering the substrate with a layer of straw, characterized in that in one part of the field a vermicompost is placed for winter vermicultivation next to the perforated aerator pipe, Vermiculture, the substrate from organic waste is mixed with industrial waste containing cellulose and mineral additives, then a bio-warming block from the substrate is formed on the side of the pipe above the ridge, while in the other part of the field, upon the onset of stable colds, peat-forming belts with a width of no more than 2 m, Height is no more than 0.35 m, then in the spring during melting snow mix the hardened components of the tape, then move the mixture from the frozen ground to the warmed soil, forming a conical ridge of summer vermicultivation, then on the frozen side, a vermicompost is placed from the winter vermigrid, Forming a depression in the formed ridge.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the summer vermiculturization period, a mother culture containing groups of manure and soilworms is populated, in the autumn, the manure worms are lured out of the ridge, and the remaining part of the vermicompost with young and cocoons of soilworms is scattered over the surface of the field containing Mulch.

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Date of publication 04.03.2007gg