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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2145473
METHOD OF GROWING THE SEDEIGN
The name of the inventor: Nestyak VS
The name of the patent holder: Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture
Address for correspondence: 633128, Novosibirsk Region, Krasnoobsk Settlement, SibEEM
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.08.11
The invention is intended for growing seedlings, for example, vegetable crops and can be used in agriculture. The method includes sowing seeds, pruning roots and sampling seedlings. In the process of growing up to a sample of seedlings in the root volume of the soil, a stable protective soil-root structure is formed by successively changing the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil. Changes in the geometric and physicomechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil are carried out by methods of successive compaction of the soil, for example, by rolling and stamping. This technology will improve the safety of the root system of plants during transplantation, reduce the time of plant survival and, consequently, increase yield.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of growing seedlings, for example, for vegetable crops.
A method for growing seedlings is known (Modestova NA Growing vegetable seedlings under a film. -L .: Kolos, 1978, pp. 10, 32, 52), including seed sowing and seedling selection.
The disadvantage of this method is the high damageability of the root system in the selection of seedlings, which leads to a loss of 85 ... 90% of the roots.
A method for growing seedlings is also known (Lebedinsky IV Elements of industrial technology for growing seedlings of basic vegetable crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the USSR, Author's abstract of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences - L.-Pushkin, 1988, 17 pp.), Accepted by us for the prototype, which includes sowing seeds, pruning roots and a selection of seedlings. The introduction of the operation of pruning the roots promotes the development of additional lateral roots and an increase in the conservation of roots and soil in the central part of the root system due to the formation of a natural soil-root structure in this part.
However, in the process of sampling and transplantation of such seedlings, most of the root system still breaks, which reduces the survival of young plants and the yield.
The objective of the claimed technical solution is the creation of a stable soil-root structure in the root volume of the soil directly on site and in the process of growing seedlings. This will improve the safety of the root system in the selection and transplanting of seedlings and, consequently, the reduction in the survival rate of plants and the increase in yield. In addition, the creation of a stable soil-root structure extends the technological possibilities when working with seedlings, because It provides the possibility of additional mechanical effect on seedlings through the protective volume of the soil (which can be used in automated systems), simplifies the design of seedlings, since there is no need to equip them with irrigation systems (the moisture reserve in soil-root structures ensures their safety Up to the next general watering from the stationary system). The presence of soil substratum in such seedlings is an ideal way of introducing organic matter into the soil (planting is carried out along the field according to a given scheme). The formation of a protective soil-root structure directly on the spot and during the growing of seedlings makes it possible to widely use the most common film greenhouses according to conventional soil technology without large investments for their modernization.
The problem is solved by the fact that in a method involving seeding, root pruning and seedling selection, prior to sampling in the root volume of the soil, a stable protective soil-root structure is formed by successively changing the geometric physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil. In addition, changes in the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil are carried out by methods of sequential compaction of the soil, for example, by rolling or punching.
The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that in the process of growing up to a sample of seedlings in the root volume of the soil a stable protective soil-root structure is formed by successively changing the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil. In addition, the claimed method of growing seedlings differs from the prototype in that the change in the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil is carried out by methods of sequential soil compaction, for example, by rolling or stamping.
The essence of the claimed method is as follows. Cultivation of seedlings is carried out according to traditional soil technology, including soil preparation, seed sowing, nursing work (irrigation, fertilizing, weeding), pruning of roots (usually 2-3 times at different stages of development of seedlings and just before seedling selection) and sampling of finished Seedlings.
The claimed method of growing seedlings is explained in the drawings.
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In Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the formation of root-protective elements according to the knurling principle; FIG. 2 - the same, by the principle of stamping.
In the drawings: 1 - the roller (or stamp), 2 - the seedling stem, 3 - the root volume of the soil, 4 - the root system of the seedling, 5 - the protective soil lump, 6 - the soil-root structure.
To implement the method, a stable soil-root structure 6 is formed in the root volume of the soil 3. The formation is carried out by successive repeated compacting action on the root volume of the soil 3, for example, by knurling using known techniques such as annular rollers 1 (FIG. The rolling is carried out alternately along and across rows of plants 2 in several passages, as a result of which an artificial protective soil lump 5 is formed, in which the root system of seedling 4 develops intensively, forming a stable protective soil-root structure in the process of seedling growth6, which by the end of cultivation Seedlings occupies the whole protective soil lump. The first treatment of the root volume of the soil 3 is carried out after the emergence of the shoots at the stage of two or three real leaves immediately after the operation of pruning the roots, which contributes to additional effects: active intake of moisture and nutrition from the lower soil layers to 5, more intensive development of the roots 4 in the protective lump, the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the root system of seedlings (1,0 - 1,25 kg / cm 3 ), since the greenhouse primers have a density of 0.4-0, 6 kg / cm 3 . In addition, the development of the root system of seedlings goes in a given limited volume of soil, which contributes to the formation of a homogeneous soil-root structure, and this makes it possible to preserve the bulk of the root system in a protective soil lump. As necessary (depending on the composition of the greenhouse soil, the type of vegetable crops and methods of irrigation), the operation to form (maintain the form) root-cropping clumps of soil is repeated, as a rule, after another trimming. By the time of the selection of seedlings, it forms a homogeneous soil-root structure that permeates the entire protective soil lump and provides reliable protection of the root system of the plant in the process of sampling and transplantation.
The method is easily realized by a bridge complex or by picking up machines according to the block-modular principle. The main condition for implementation is the placement of seeds along the surface of the ridge according to a predetermined pattern, which can be carried out by known coordinate seeders of precise sowing. In the case of the application of the block-modular principle of picking up machines, the first formation of the necessary parameters of the root volume of the soil can be carried out simultaneously with sowing of the seeds.
In addition to the above advantages, the method makes it possible to obtain, by the methods of knurling or stamping, in the simplest way, the optimal form of a root-preserving lump-a truncated pyramid, widely used to produce so-called "pot" seedlings (a soil-root structure, a kind of potted seedling) Conventional ground technology.
CLAIM
1. A method for growing seedlings, including sowing seeds, pruning roots and a selection of seedlings, characterized by the fact that prior to its selection in the root volume of the soil, a stable protective soil-root structure is formed by successively changing the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometric and physico-mechanical parameters of the root volume of the soil are changed by methods of sequential soil compaction, for example by rolling or stamping.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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