| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2208921
METHOD OF MAINTENANCE OF MULTI-YEAR GRASSES
The name of the inventor: Boyko VS
The name of the patent holder: Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture
Address for correspondence: 644012, Omsk-12, SibNIISKhoz, Patent Research Branch
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.05.05
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for forming perennial grass stands. In the method of the present invention, the integumentary culture is sowed broadly, and the cereal crosswise or diagonally. Cereal culture (rump) is sown in 1 and 2 rows in 60 cm. With simultaneous sowing of cereal crops, sowing is carried out in the aisle between the legumes. As a legume crop, alfalfa is sown. Lucerne is sown not only in the aisle, but also in rows of rump. Harvesting a 1 ha hectare according to the invention has a large mass of dry matter and an increased protein content in it compared to the known ones.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for forming perennial grass stands.
A method for cultivating perennial grasses is known, including a summer, unarmoured, separately rowed sowing of rump and alfalfa. The disadvantage of this method is the absence of a mowing per year in the formation of the grass yield, which leads to a shortage of crops, in addition, the separate placement of rows of rump and alfalfa, although contributing to the good preservation of alfalfa in the grass stand, but to increase yields, even without irrigation, nitrogen fertilizing is required, which increases costs .
The closest in terms of technical essence and achieved result is the method of subcultivated growing of perennial grasses, including broad-ripening of a cover crop with a strip arrangement of legumes and meadowgrass components. The disadvantage of this method is that the melon at the end of the second year of vegetation falls out of the grass stand, and the rest of the bluegrass crop-rump in its pure form is inferior in biological and economic parameters to the alfalfa-rustic mixture and alfalfa.
The object of the invention is to increase the productivity of the grass stand.
The task is achieved by the fact that the cover crop is sowed broadly, and the cereal crop by two rows in 60 cm intervals with simultaneous continuous sowing of alfalfa.
Comparative analysis of the claimed method with the prototype showed that the claimed method of cultivating perennial grasses during 4-5 years of life in the herbage without fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers is not inferior to that of alfalfa, it is more universal in use. With the claimed method of sowing, high productivity in the first year is achieved due to the cover crop and the otive of perennial grasses. In 2-5 years - due to highly productive herbage with a high (about 50%) share of alfalfa during all years of life of the grass stand. This makes it possible to obtain high-protein feed without nitrogen fertilizing. At the same time, the presence of the bluegrass component allows you to get food balanced in protein and carbohydrates, harvested as hay, and used on green food without additional feed preparation.
Alfalfa in broad rows of rump is not oppressed and does not fall out of the grass stand, at the same time rump in the combined rows with lucerne is provided with additional nitrogen and it is not required, as the stationary experience has shown, nitrogen fertilizing, as it is necessary in pure crops of rump and other meadowlike and has A positive effect in the separate sowing of alfalfa and rump.
The proposed method is carried out as follows. The predecessor of perennial grasses - two crops of annual grasses for green fodder. Phosphoric fertilizers are brought into the reserve for 4-5 years under plowing. Seeding of the cover crop of oats is carried out in the first ten days of May in a wide-row way (45 cm). After packing the cover crop, the rump is sown with a NWT-3,6A planter diagonally or across the sowing stripes - two rows with 15 cm rows, between them a 60 cm strip. Lucerne is sown simultaneously from the grass box by a continuous sowing with 15 cm between the rows. Watering is carried out with a decrease in humidity Soil in the first phases of vegetation of plants to 0.80 HB in the 0-30-cm layer by small norms (150 m 3 / ha), further with a decrease in humidity to 70-75% of HB in layers 0-60 and 0-100 cm by the norms of 300 -450 m 3 / ha. Cleaning cover crop is carried out by throwing panicles in oats (I-II decade of July). At the end of September, the otava is removed.
In the year of formation of the grass stand, the share of alfalfa in the amount for 2 cuttings was 21.8-35.8%, depending on the variant of moistening and fertilizing. It is maximal against the background of a moderate irrigation regime and depends little on the fertilizer option - 30.6-35.8%. In the following years of herbage life, the maximum share of alfalfa was different in the variant without nitrogen fertilizing on the background of irrigation - 44.3-48.1%. It is the lowest in variants with doses of N 60 for each slope - 16.0-18.5% against a background without irrigation and 21.1-25.2% in irrigation versions. Irrigation even without chemicalization improves the botanical composition of the herbage.
The productivity of the mixture on the background of the increased content of P 2 O 5 in the soil did not depend on the amount of nitrogen fertilizers and manure applied, although the tendency of yield growth in variants with nitrogen top dressing is noted on irrigated backgrounds (Table 1). At the same time, the proposed method of growing perennial grasses provides good productivity and in conditions of natural moistening. For comparison with the grass mixture under similar conditions, alfalfa and rump were cultivated in pure form. On average, for five years the yield of dry matter of alfalfa in variants with an elevated phosphorus content in the soil, but without nitrogen fertilizing and rump on similar backgrounds, but with application of N 60 under each slope was close, including in relation to the alfalfa-rush mixture . However, for the collection of feed units and digestible protein, the rump is sharply inferior even in the fertilized versions of alfalfa and the alfalfa-rustic mixture. The feeding unit of alfalfa and alfalfa-rush mix is balanced by the digestible protein at an equally high level (159-160 g).
Thanks to the above positive aspects, the proposed method favorably differs from the known method for collecting from dry matter and 1 hectare of protein (Table 2). In addition, the rejection of nitrogen fertilizing without damage to the crop and its quality increases the economic and energy efficiency of technology, environmental safety. Preservation of a high proportion of alfalfa in the herbage during all the vegetative years promotes the reproduction and stabilization of potential fertility at a high level.
CLAIM
Method for cultivating perennial grasses, including broad-sowing of the cover crop and sowing the cereal crop across or in a diagonal in 1 or 2 rows in 60 cm with simultaneous sowing in the aisle between legumes, characterized in that as a legume, alfalfa is sown not only in the 60 cm band , But also in rows of rump.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
Comments
Commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.