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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2220558
METHOD FOR GROWING intensive garden slaboroslyh suspensions
Name of the inventor: Kovalenko SP .; Mukhin SA
The name of the patentee: Joint-Stock Company "grower"
Address for correspondence: 346714, Rostov region, Aksay district, pos.. Dawn, cottage 65, V.B.Tutarovoy
Starting date of the patent: 2001.03.13
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to horticulture. The process of intensive cultivation in the garden slaboroslyh suspensions, including vaccination dwarf rootstock M9 varietal kopulirovku, growing in the nursery, sorting and landing of seedlings in the garden. Vaccination is carried out two top-notch annual cuttings M9 to each other, while in the garden planted seedlings with the number of skeletal roots of the first order of not less than five and above-ground part of not less than 140 cm, and the seedlings that have the number of skeletal roots of at least five and above-ground portion of less than 140 cm, which are planted in the same planting hole with the top-notch annual layering M9 with its bridge graft in shtamb seedlings. The method allows to increase the reliability of fixing in the soil of fruit trees, lodging resistance with the exception of the reversing of the root system, increase productivity and reduce costs in the cultivation slaboroslyh garden.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to horticulture.
There is a method of cultivation slaboroslyh trees on M9 rootstock, which instill any sort. Varieties grafted on rootstock M9, provide outstanding early appearance of fruit, high yield with volume growth rates of above-ground parts, close to the optimum (Potapov VA Ulyanishev etc. slaboroslyh intensive garden -.. M .: Rosagropromizdat 1991, 219 B Popov. .a Gardens on dwarf rootstocks -.. M .: Rosagropromizdat, s.157-186).
Lack of known design sortopodvoynoy combination slaboroslyh M9 rootstock is that trees on this rootstock securely held in the soil due to a very weak root system. This leads to the slope of the trees, and in strong winds and high yield even to the eversion of the roots, resulting in 28-40% of the trees die. Therefore, traditional gardens on the rootstock M9 and other dwarf rootstocks are grown on special supports that require additional costs in the amount of 15-25 thousand. Rub. / Ha.
There is a method of cultivation slaboroslyh garden seedlings with "insert" when a vigorous rootstock grafted or srednerosloe cutting dwarf rootstock M9 length of 10-20 cm, and then to graft cuttings of the M9 any other variety for gardens of this type of support is not needed (Growing apple trees on slaboroslyh suspensions in the middle zone of the Russian Federation gardening Guidelines - M.:.. Rosagropromizdat, 1988, p.28) - a prototype.
The disadvantage of this method is that one root system must do two vaccinations that result is reflected in the percentage of survival rate of vaccination and the output of high-quality seedlings, and most importantly in this nursery stock begins to show a synergistic quality with almost predictable feature of both fruiting and on the strength of the growth of trees. In the study of these properties with modern techniques must be at least 15-20 years.
Object of the invention - improving the reliability of fixing in the soil of fruit trees by strengthening the root system, resistance to lodging, with the exception of full eversion of the root system and at the same time a significant increase in productivity and reduction of costs in the cultivation slaboroslyh garden.
Known best in the world M9 rootstock. His main drawback - the fragile roots. To strengthen the trees around the world are forced to use the support. The supporting pillars and trellis wire, significantly increase the cost of production of fruit. Breeders all over the world for more than 100 years of trying to create a better rootstocks.
The present invention created based on the discovery.
The authors found that the acceleration of property gain fruitfulness of plants under the influence of the genetic quality of the root system and create its physical start-up advantages in relation to the above-ground parts of plants.
This object is achieved in that the grafted together two top-notch annual layering M9 and garden bookmark carry seedlings to the number of skeletal roots of the first order of not less than five and above-ground part of not less than 140 cm, and the seedlings that have the number of skeletal roots of at least five and above-ground part less than 140 cm, which are planted in the same planting hole with the top-notch annual layering M9, with its bridge graft in shtamb seedlings.
Information disclosing SUMMARY
The method is as follows. Necessary for quality seedlings grown in a nursery winter grafting two top-notch annual cuttings M9 already have roots, to each other, one of which is higher than the first vaccinations are varietal kopulirovku and plants are planted in a nursery for growing seedlings (winter varietal vaccinated can be replaced by the August budding ) and to the garden planting permit varietal seedlings with the number of skeletal roots of the first order of not less than five and above-ground part is not less than 140 cm, and the weaker seedlings are planted in the same planting hole with the top-notch annual layering rootstock M9 having a strong root system and the length of the aerial part of not less than 60 cm, which is grafted bridge in shtamb weak seedlings that guarantees the safety and use of all seedlings grown in a nursery.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
The experiments were conducted in JSC "grower" with. Pashkovsky Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region - TNV "Amber" OPH "Azov".
Analysis of the root system of seedlings grown on rootstock slaboroslyh in nurseries has shown that 18-35% of seedlings had two skeletal roots and less, and the remaining 65-82% of the roots of seedlings was not more than three pieces per seedling.
When growing seedlings in two annual layers, grafted to each other, one of which cutting inoculated cultivar or eye, the percentage yield with five seedlings and roots of a large number of skeletal reached 87-96%. Garden Bookmark varietal seedlings in OPH "Azov" of the Rostov region on 2 genetically homogeneous layering M9 completely eliminates lodging trees while increasing the total yield for the first three years of fruiting at 218 kg / ha of high quality fruit (Idared variety), return on vaccination costs the second of the stock has exceeded more than 700 times. Installation of additional supports are not required.
Re-check method to grade Reinette Simirenko in Aksai district of Rostov region confirmed the findings of the previous experiment. In this test, the control trees tied with cola in the third year after planting in the garden, gave 17 t / ha of fruits and dvukornevye -.. 48 t / ha, ie 2.8 times more. By all experienced growth trees exceeded the control, and the number of entities under fruit crop in 2001 experienced an option laid the claimed method, surpassed the control in 5-6 times. Experiments have shown that the processing of tree trunks in the gardens, laid down by the present method, there should be no deeper than 6 cm, to avoid damage. This is because the skeletal anchor the roots of the trees of the rootstock are placed in the soil no deeper than 6-25 cm.
The use of the method of cultivation intensive slaboroslyh garden not only provides a solid unsupported standing trees in the garden in any weather conditions, but also guaranteed an increase in productivity, improvement of the quality of fruit. These experiments are given in the table.
CLAIM
The method of cultivation intensive garden on slaboroslyh suspensions, including vaccination dwarf rootstock M9 varietal kopulirovku, growing in the nursery, sorting and landing of seedlings in a garden, characterized in that a vaccinated two top-notch annual cuttings M9 to each other, while in the garden planted seedlings with the number of skeletal roots of the first order of not less than five and above-ground part is not less than 140 cm, and the seedlings that have the number of skeletal roots of less than five and less than above-ground part of 140 cm, which is planted with the top-notch annual layering M9 with its bridge graft in shtamb seedlings.
print version
Publication date 09.03.2007gg
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