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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2048045

FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weed

FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weed

Name of the inventor: Sapelkin VK .; Vorobiev VI .; Likhomanov VV
The name of the patentee: Scientific and Technical Centre for rice
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1992.01.22

Use: in agriculture, in particular in the processing of the soil. Summary of the invention: soil tilling implement a depth of 0.10 to 0.15 m in the formation cropping horizontal plane, repeatedly, and then form the ridges repeated in which plowing is displaced, and treatment is stopped if a certain humidity of roots and rhizomes. Then spend loosening the soil and plant debris combing weeds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method of controlling weeds in the cultivation of swamp rice with the implementation of regulatory reclamation work.

There is a method to combat wetland weeds in the rice fields, including mechanical weed destruction of vegetative reproductive organs by loosening the soil, feeding on the water, the depth establishment of vegetative propagation of weeds reproductive organs, loosening the soil to a depth set to form a slurry using 3-4-fold milling, collection and disposal of weeds (SU, N 1537160, cl. A 01 B 79/00, 1990).

The main disadvantages of this method is that the depth of processing mills is effective provided the depth of tillage 0,10.0,15 m, whereas the vegetative organs saturated topsoil to 0,20.0,25 m, ie half of the vegetative organs misses the formation of the slurry zone, it remains in the arable horizon. When the coefficient of multiplication of tubers and vegetative rhizomes sprouting weeds equal to 1:10 is not achieved the expected productivity growth.

There is a method of combating weeds wetland cultivation of the soil, which consists in the fact that the following operations are performed: the flip autumn plowing to a depth of 0,20.0,23; field alignment planner with deviations ± 0,05 m with dry top of the plowing layer; soil compaction rollers with a pressure of 40-45 kg per 1 linear centimeter of its width; eradication of weeds by cultivation or disking to a depth 0,05.0,08 m; planting rice; posleposevnoe soil compaction rollers (Kandaurov NS et al. Presowing soil compaction under rice as a condition of mechanical destruction of weeds. Proceedings, Issue 210 (238). Scientific basis of industrial technology of cultivation of rice in Kuban, MSKHSSSR, Cube Agricultural Institute, Krasnodar, 1982 , s.89-99).

The main disadvantages of this method lies in the fact that the soil in great depth (up to 1,0.1,5 m) is subjected to compaction, which can not be removed by subsequent treatment of the soil, and this leads to a tightening of the groundwater salinity salt and creation, resulting in a large thinning rice while the main task of destroying bolboschoenus not achieved, as triggered by the growth of one kidney from the tuber and its drying, and the remaining 3.5 kidneys are biologically active and give bolboschoenus crop with its further breeding, helping to reduce rice yields.

There is a method of combating weeds wetland treatment, taken as a prototype, including plowing with a turnover of formation at a depth of 0.20. 0.25 m, the first pre-sowing chizelevanie on 0,16.0,18 m, plowing to 0.15 m with a turn formation, disking on 0,05.0,08 m and two follow each other, plan to within ± 0,05 m, disking with by rolling 3-4 following each other.

The main disadvantages of this method lies in the fact that plowing and seedbed chizelevaniem (two tracks) does not destroy the tubers reeds drying, not even dried or one kidney for 4.5 units, these operations canned tubers with biologically active kidney to a favorable increase time and subsequent operations and plowing disking tubers do not contribute to drying and wilting point of death, as these operations are performed according to the standards of technology for 2-3 days before sowing, and by rolling with presowing dvizhkovanie (track 3-4) to seal the soil monolith causing pulling up the groundwater to the tubers and rhizomes, thus with good warming and moistening the soil after a kidney water tubers rapidly begin to germinate, and the plants weeds overtake the growth of rice plants, oppressing them, depending on the density and thickness of shoots, causing high izrezhivaemost rice large crop losses. Every 10 bolboschoenus plants resulting in the loss of 1.7% of the yield of rice and 100, respectively, to 17%

The task to destroy the biological activity of roots and tubers in the reed bed 0,00.0,10 m and increase rice yield.

This object is achieved by the fact that the primary tillage begin with phase producing seedlings cane with an average temperature not lower than 19 20 ° C, the main operation of plowing soil treatment is performed to a depth of 0.10-0.15 m with reservoir cropping in the horizontal plane, grinding it to lumps and clumps form ridges 0,10.0,12 m in height and in the form of blocks and tent lumps with stubble residues with the primary tilling member, such as a 2-3-fold repetition plowing operation in which the crests of previous plowing partially or completely moved their bases. The time period between the plowing of 10-15 days, which is determined by the dynamics of moisture loss tubers and rhizomes of reeds, and the termination of the basic soil cultivation set achievement humidity tubers and rhizomes to 8,0.12% which reached 90,100% tubers and rhizomes of the total composition in the layer 0.0 05 m crest, and then perform loosening the soil to a depth of 0,08.0,10 m alignment microrelief combing fields and up to 50% of tubers and rhizomes to the soil surface and in the soil layer from 0 to 0.05 m, with this operation loosening can be repeated up to bring the surface of the soil and its aggregate composition to standard conditioning for rice or other crops of rice crop rotation.

FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weed FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weed FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weed

Figure 1 shows a section of the field soil treatment before; Figure 2 section of the field after two plowing operations; Figure 3 section of the field after the main and preplant soil.

FIGHTING METHOD weed control is implemented as follows

Fields of rice crop rotation plow when from tubers and rhizomes obtained from a depth shoots 0,05.0,10 m, the average air temperature is 19.20 ° C, soil temperature at the surface in the 1.5-1.7 times higher, ie, is 27,0-32,0 ° C, and in the layer of 0-5 cm, respectively, the temperature is 23,0.25,0 C, in a layer of 5-10 cm 18,0.20,0 C, etc. whereas the soil moisture is in the inverse indices, i.e. in a layer of 0-5 cm in a layer of 15.18% 20.23% 5-10 cm, etc. In this humidity tubers reeds is as follows: on the surface of the field 12. 13% of the soil layer 0-5 and 5-10 cm 33,0.35,0% and rhizomes 35.40%

During the operation of plowing soil layer is cut in the horizontal plane at a depth 0,10.0,15 m, crushed to lumps and clumps, which are located inside the tubers and rhizomes of reeds and stubble on the side shoots, tubers and rhizomes of reeds. The soil is formed in the shape of ridges in the tent of boulders and lumps up to 0,10.0,12 m, with humidity of tubers and rhizomes 12,0.15,0% achieved which ensures the drying of living stems of reeds and the temporary preservation of the tubers, causing part of the tuber, located in a layer 5.0-10.0 cm, still have the biological viability and sprout of living kidneys.

The second operation undercut plowing the soil in the ridges at a depth of 0.10-0.15 m, lumps and clods is ground, soil is moved in a horizontal plane, form a new height of ridges m 0,10.0,12. Live tubers and stems under the influence of soil plowing also lose moisture and humidity reaches 12-13%, and those that the humidity reached in the first decade after the first plowing, losing completely the biological viability when moisture 6,0.10,0% So after the third operation of plowing and, after 10-15 days, the soil layer in lumps, and lumps to a depth of 0.10 m dried up 6,0.7,0% resulting in moisture tubers and rhizomes up to 8.10% 90,100% when they lose completely the biological viability.

Presowing soil loosening facilitates shredding lumps, lumps of soil, leveling the soil micro-relief and combing to the surface and into a layer 00.0,06 m tubers and rhizomes, and the survivors tubers (1.5. 5.0%) partly combed out in the top layer and on the soil surface and also destroyed by drying. Thus, the field remains with tubers and rhizomes, which are not potential rivals rice in the fight for living space, the yield of rice increased significantly.

The tools, which are intended to implement the "way of dealing with marsh weeds" are produced in the IHO "Figure". They are: chisel plow ploskoreznoj mounted FNR FNR-2.2 and-3.2, gearless rotary cultivator RBR RBR-2.5 and-4.0.

Example. Spend tillage rice fallow field for the proposed method according to the scheme:

  • plowing to a depth of 0.15 m plow FNR-2.2;
  • loosening the soil to a depth of 0.10 m ripper RBR-2.5;
  • loosening the soil to a depth of 0.08 m ripper RBR-2.5.

As a control, performed by the existing soil treatment technology of the scheme:

  • autumn plowing to a depth of 0.22 m plow PLN-4-35;
  • disking (on two tracks) to a depth of 0.14 m disc harrow BDT-3;
  • plowing to a depth of 0.14 m plow PLN-4-35.

The period between the operations of 8.10 days, and the treatment of soil in the full cycle was completed for 3 decades.

Agropokazateli in experiments for the destruction of biological activity reed tubers are shown in Table.

CLAIM

FIGHTING METHOD WITH Swamp weeds, including primary and secondary tillage, characterized in that the primary tillage begin with phase bolboschoenus shoots with an average air temperature of 19, 20 o C, plowing is carried out to a depth of 0.10 to 0.15 m in the horizontal cropping formation plane soil crushed and form crests of lumps and clumps with rod residues and plowing is carried out, for example, two, triplicate, with each repetition of which combs the previous partially or completely displace its base, the time period between the plowing determine moisture loss dynamics tubers and rhizomes bolboschoenus, the main treatment is stopped when humidity roots and rhizomes up to 8 12% in a layer of up to 0.05 m ridge, and then perform the loosening soil and combing tubers and rhizomes to the soil surface.

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Publication date 09.03.2007gg