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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2246196

A METHOD FOR CONCENTRATION OF SOIL IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The name of the inventor: Glazova Z.I.
The name of the patent holder: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of leguminous and cereal crops
Address for correspondence: 302502, Orel, p / o Streletskoe, VNIIZBK
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.04.16

(EN) The invention relates to agriculture. The method includes introducing into the soil an alternative organic fertilizer. As an organic fertilizer, straw is used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t / ha and a green mass of stubble siderata (lupine) in the amount of 7.9 ... 8.6 t / ha, which is smelted into the soil in autumn. The invention makes it possible to increase the yield of agricultural crops by increasing the fertility of the soil, to obtain environmentally safe products while reducing costs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of crops. The method includes introducing into the soil, as an alternative organic fertilizer, straw of the preceding cereal crops and stubble syderat biomass (lupine). Crushed straw during grain harvesting is evenly spread across the field in the amount of 4.5-5.6 t / ha. Then it is carried out: cultivation of the soil with a heavy disc harrow, in different directions, cultivation, soil compacting and sowing of sideral crops with subsequent packing. The green mass in the amount of 7.9-8.6 t / ha is smelt in late autumn (the third decade of October). The method allows to increase yield, for example millet, by 20% and to obtain an environmentally friendly product at a cost reduction.

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for enriching the soil in the cultivation of agricultural crops.

A method is known for enriching soil by adding straw to it together with mineral fertilizers (1), and also with the green mass of winter siderata for buckwheat (2173310, C 05 F 2/08, A 01 V 1/00) (2). The disadvantage of these methods is the impossibility of making maximum use of the fertilizing properties of stubble syderates introduced into the soil, the production of environmentally safe products, significant additional costs for mineral fertilizers, and the preparation of soil for sowing in the shortest time in the most stressful period of the spring seeding company.

The existing methods do not simultaneously solve the problems of soil enrichment, increase the yield of agricultural crops by increasing the fertility of the soil, obtaining environmentally safe products with a high return on costs.

The object of the present invention is to increase the yield of agricultural crops by increasing soil fertility, obtaining environmentally friendly products while reducing costs.

The task is achieved due to the fact that straw and stubble syderat (lupine) are used as organic fertilizers in the known method of soil enrichment in crop cultivation, including application of alternative organic fertilizers to the soil. At the same time, stubble siderat in the amount of 7.9 ... 8.6 t / ha is plowed into the soil late in the autumn.

Straw enriches the soil with macro- and microelements, improves the physical properties of the soil, facilitates the regulation of the humus balance (3).

The green mass of the siderates helps to accelerate the decomposition of the organic matter introduced into the soil, which leads to an increase in the activity of the soil-plant exchange processes, thereby improving the nutrition of the plants and improving the biocenosis of the soil (4).

Straw and biomass of stubble siderial crops are organic organic fertilizers.

To carry out the method, field experiments were carried out in a fourfold repetition using millet as an example:

1. Experience-control; Without adding straw, stubble siderata and fertilizers.

2. Experience-application of straw (4,5-5,6 t / ha) +4,5 t / ha stubble siderata (mustard white).

3. Experience-application of straw 4.5-5.6 t / ha + 5.4 t / ha stubble siderata (vetch).

4. Experience-application of straw 4,5-5,6 t / ha +8,6 t / ha stubble siderata (lupine).

The experiments were performed in 2001 and again in 2002.

The area of ​​each plot is 112 m ² .

The field, with the chopped straw scattered over the soil surface during harvesting, is bred in two opposite directions, cultivated, rolled up, the crops are sown above and the crops are rolled. With the onset of a cold snap, the green mass of stubble sideral crops is plowed up.

The activity of the soil microflora was determined from the degree of decomposition of the linen cloth in the soil layer 0-10 and 10-20 cm.

The calculation of energy costs was carried out according to the method of Volodin V.М. And others (5).

Example 1 . On control plots without introducing straw into the soil and green mass of sideral crops, on average, the productivity of millet grains averaged 28.9 c / ha on average over two years, which was assumed to be 100% (see the table).

Example 2 . In the spring, on the plots with a plowed straw and a green mass of white mustard, two cultivations are carried out to a depth of 10-12 cm and 6-8 cm with rolling. Then sow the millet, the yield of which increased by 2.7 c / ha or 9%, compared with the control experience. The decomposition of linen cloth increased in the soil layer 0-10 cm by 11.8% and in the layer 10-20 cm by 12.4%, and the increment in energy in the crop was 6.7 GJ / ha in relation to the control (see table) .

Example 3 . As in Example 2, the introduction of wicks into the soil of straw and green mass intensifies the activity of soil microflora, which decomposes the introduced organic raw material, releases nutrients for millet. The yield of millet grain increased by 3.4 c / ha or 12%, the decomposition of linen cloth in the 0-10 cm layer increased by 12.2%, and in the layer 10-20 cm by 14.2%, and the energy consumption for production One centner of the grain decreased by 102 MJ compared to the control (see table).

Example 4 . According to the above scheme of experiment 3, straw and green lupine are applied to the soil, which significantly activates the soil biota, and helps enrich the soil with nutrients. In this case, the yield of millet increased by 5.4 c / ha or 20%, and the decomposition of the web in the soil layer 0-10 cm increased by 15.0% and 17.3% in the soil layer 10-20 cm, respectively, the increment of energy in The yield is more by 8.2 GJ / ha with a reduction in energy costs compared to the control. All the indicators of this experiment surpass not only the control, but also the exponents of experiments 2 and 3.

Thus, the proposed method of introducing chopped straw and green mass of lupine sown stubbornly increases the biological activity of the soil and its enrichment with nutrients, which is an important condition for the growth of the yield of millet plants, the accumulation of anergy in the crop, while reducing the cost of obtaining one centner of the basic ecologically safe Products.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Drap I.I. Efficiency of using straw and mineral fertilizers for buckwheat in the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation - Abstract of Cand. Ph.D. - The Eagle, 2000.

2. Stebakov V.A. Efficiency of buckwheat cultivation depending on the use of straw and green fertilizer on dark gray forest soils in the northern part of the Black Earth zone of Russia - Abstract of Cand. Ph.D. The Eagle, 2000.

3. Straw - organic fertilizer - Vladimir: VNIPTIOU, 1989, 67 p.

4. Cherenkov N.D. The influence of stubble crops as a green fertilizer in various ways of cultivating them on the fertility of sod podzolic soils. - Author's abstract of Cand. Ph.D. - M., 1975.

5. Volodin V.M. And others. The method of resource-ecological assessment of the effectiveness of farming on a bioenergy basis. - Kursk, 1999, p.48.

CLAIM

Method of soil enrichment in the cultivation of crops, including introduction of alternative organic fertilizer into the soil, characterized in that 4.5-5.6 t / ha of straw is used as an organic fertilizer and the green weight of stubble siderata (lupine) is 7, 9 ... 8.6 t / ha, which are plowed into the soil in autumn.

print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg

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