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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2250585
METHOD OF TREATING TOPINAMBUR
The name of the inventor: Starovoitov VI (RU); Chernikov V.I. (RU); Starovoitova M.V. (RU); Rytchenko V.V. (RU); Khoves V.V.
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company Scientific-Production Firm "AgronIR" (JSC APF "AgronIR")
Address for correspondence: 140052, Moscow region., Luberetskiy rn, p / o Korenevo, st. Lorkha, 21, ap. 54, V.I. Starovoitovu
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.06.04
The method includes autumn soil pre-planting, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting of crests, planting of seed tubers, inter-row processing and harvesting. Planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in the ridge. The stems are mowed for 2-3 weeks before harvesting the tubers. When harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected. The seed fraction is directed annually with a narrow ribbon to the side with a displacement of 30-40 cm and covered with soil for 10-12 cm, forming a roll. In the second and subsequent years in the spring, the field before the shoots, and then on the shoots, is cultivated with tape application of mineral fertilizers along the sides of the row. When the rows are thickened, transverse cultivation is performed to thin the plants. Improving the growing conditions, reducing damage during harvesting, labor and disease sclerotinia.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, and can be used in conditions of cultivation on medium and heavy in texture soils.
A method for growing Jerusalem artichoke is known, including autumn soil cultivation with application of organic and mineral fertilizers, planting of seed tubers, interrow cultivation with thinnings of plants, harvesting of tubers after plowing (1).
The disadvantage of the known method is that, with an annual plowing, the tubers are cleaned manually, which increases the cost of the technological process.
Known is the method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant soil cultivation with application of organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting of crests, spring loosening of the soil with restoration of ridges, planting of tubers into ridges, harrowing before emergencies and on shoots, interrow cultivating, cultivation, harvesting, Tubers with a combine (2).
The disadvantage of the known method is the damage to the tuber nest by the wheels of the aggregates when harvesting the green mass.
The aim of the invention is to improve the growing conditions, reduce damage during harvesting, reduce labor costs by creating a voluminous profile of the ridge and a compact tuber nest, and reducing sclerotinia with long-term cultivation.
The task is achieved by the fact that the method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke includes autumn preplant soil cultivation, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting of crests, planting of seed tubers, interrow cultivation and harvesting, while planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in The tops are cut for fodder 2-3 weeks before harvesting the tubers, during harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected, and the seed fraction is directed each year with a narrow ribbon with a displacement of 30-40 cm and covered with soil by 10-12 cm, forming a roll , In the second and subsequent years in the spring, the field before emergence, and then cultivated with the band application of mineral fertilizers along the sides of the row, with thickening of the rows, transverse cultivation is performed to thin the plants.
Distinctive features of the claimed method is that planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in the ridge, the tops are mown for fodder 2-3 weeks before harvesting tubers, during harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected, and the seed fraction is annually collected Narrow tape is sent to the side with a displacement of 30-40 cm and covered with soil for 10-12 cm, forming a roll, in the second and subsequent years in the spring before the shoots, and then cultivated with seeding with mineral fertilizers on the sides of the row, Rows conduct a transverse cultivation to thin the plants. These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke is the criterion of "novelty".
Comparative analysis of the proposed method with known technical solutions and a prototype shows that the proposed method is characterized by the presence of new technological methods - the planting of Jerusalem artichoke into ridges with wide row spacing, when harvesting, the seed fraction is directed to the side with a 30-40 cm offset each year and covered with soil, Forming a swath, in the second and subsequent years in the spring, before the shoots, and then cultivated on the shoots with band-feeding of mineral fertilizers along the sides of the row, thickening the rows to perform transverse cultivation to thin the plants.
The presence of new technological methods and their combination with the known allows to reduce labor costs, improve the quality of Jerusalem artichoke, which leads to an increase in the yield of green mass and tubers, reduces sclerotinia. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "essential differences".
The figure shows the field profile before harvesting by the cultivation year, indicating the direction of movement of the row with the seed tubers.
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The method is carried out as follows. Jerusalem artichoke is placed in fodder crop rotation on the field from perennial legume-grass grasses. Jerusalem artichoke requires deep tillage. Autumn tillage of the soil is carried out by ravines to a depth of 6-8 cm after the harvesting of the precursor, and plowland plowing is carried out with plows with skimmer to the depth of the arable horizon - 25-30 cm. In the spring, plowland is harrowed, and in the thickened soil, instead of harrowing, cultivation is carried out to a depth of 8-10 Cm, which allows you to fully store the moisture reserves. With the onset of ripeness, the plowland is plowed with simultaneous embedding of organic and mineral fertilizers, if they have not been introduced in the autumn. Organic fertilizers are applied before plowing in the amount of 40-80 t / ha, mineral fertilizers are applied in quantities of phosphorus 60-80, potassium ones - 90-120 kg / ha of active substance, nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring in a dose of 60-80 kg / ha. When introducing high-dose organic fertilizers in the year of planting of Jerusalem artichoke, organic fertilizers do not contribute to the second and subsequent years. |
For planting, tubers of 30-50 g are used. Planting is carried out in autumn under winter or early spring. The best depth of planting in spring is 5-8 cm, when planted under winter, the depth of the embankment is increased to 10-12 cm. The optimal density of plants is about 20-25 thousand per hectare. They plant Jerusalem artichokes with potatoes, with inter-row spacing of 140 cm and seeding of tubers with disc harbors, forming three-dimensional ridges. After planting in the spring-summer period, after 10-15 days, continuous pre-emergence harrowing is carried out to kill weed seedlings, the weeds are observed and, depending on their type and quantity, and at the height of the topinambour tree tops up to 15 cm, mechanical interrow cultivation is carried out with the help of tilled Cultivators with the formation of bulk ridges. Second interrow cultivation or hilling of plants at an altitude of up to 25-30 cm is carried out depending on the condition of the weeds and soil moisture 15-20 days after the first.
With the growth of the topinambour tops and the closing of rows, row-wise treatments are not carried out. At the end of September and beginning of October 2-3 weeks before harvesting the tubers, the tops are removed forage by the forage harvesters, placing the wheels of the harvesting machine on the tractor track, and the vehicle - the tractor with the tractor cart 1PTS-2H, moving next to the forage harvester.
Harvesting tubers of Jerusalem artichoke is made by a single-row potato harvesting combine L-601 or a converted double-row E-686 or UKK-2 with the combine harvester in the track after tractor passage, and the vehicle for collection of tubers - uniaxial tractor trolley 1PTS-2H in the unit with tractor MTZ With a combine, and with the placement of wheels along the track of the tractor, which reduces damage to the tuber's nest. Large and medium fractions are harvested in the combine hopper and the seed is left on the field, which, with the help of rod-shaped reflectors mounted under the rear conveyor, is guided every year by a narrow ribbon with a displacement of 30-40 cm into the groove on the right side and covered with soil for 10-12 cm With the help of disc harrow, forming a roll. Moving the row to a new location contributes to the improvement of plants from disease, including sclerotinia. Covered with soil in the felling, the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke are overwintered until next spring. The next second year, before the emergence of the Jerusalem artichoke plants, cultivation is carried out with the harrowing of the swath to cover the moisture and control the weeds. After emergence of sprouts, inter-row cultivations are carried out with the formation of voluminous ridges with the introduction of a row of mineral fertilizers on the sides. When thickening the rows, bunching of plants or transverse cultivation is carried out with the arrangement of working organs for thinning and creating a density of plant standing of 20-25 thousand per hectare and a compact tuber nest.
USED BOOKS
1. G.V. Ustimenko. Ground pear. Moscow, 1960, p. 63-76.
2. V.N. Zelenkov and others. Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear) is a promising multi-purpose crop. Scientific and technological firm "Afis". Novosibirsk, 1988, p. 12.
CLAIM
The method of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke, including autumn preplant soil cultivation, application of organic and mineral fertilizers, cutting of crests, planting of seed tubers, interrow cultivation and harvesting, characterized in that planting in the first year is carried out with a density of 20-25 thousand plants per hectare in the ridge, Mow down for 2-3 weeks before harvesting tubers, when harvesting, large and medium fractions are collected, and the seed fraction is directed each year with a narrow ribbon with a displacement of 30-40 cm and covered with soil by 10-12 cm, forming a roll, on the second And the following years in the spring, the field before emergence, and then cultivated with the band application of mineral fertilizers along the sides of the row, with thickening of the rows, transverse cultivation is performed to thin the plants.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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