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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2074599
METHOD OF IMPROVING SEMI-FINISHED PASTURES
The name of the inventor: V. Maliev; Filonenko V.A.
The name of the patent holder: All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Industry
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1992.12.16
The way to improve pastures refers to agriculture and can be used to strengthen the forage base. The method includes strip processing of soil with preservation of untreated strips, sowing of herbs on the latter and harvesting of the whole mass of grasses after the ripening of the seeds. In this case, the pasture is divided into strips of the same width (25-50 m). One strip is treated and seeded with herbs with different rows of maturation. At the time of haymaking ripeness, the grass is mowed and raked by rakes through uninhabited stripes to the boundary of the next sown strip. When raking, ripened seeds crumble on an unseeded strip. The next year, grasses are mowed during the haymaking season of cereals and late autumn are harrowed across the planting direction, seeding seeds in the soil. The method allows you to update the pastureland at the maximum cost.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for improving pastures, and can be used in semi-desert areas to strengthen the forage base of sheep breeding.
There are known methods for improving pastures in deserts and semi-deserts, including soil cultivation with strips of width 10-50 cm, alternating with areas of natural pastures 12-300 m wide and sowing on treated grass seed strips. As a rule, the strips are located across the direction of the prevailing winds (see the books: Gaevskaya LS, et al., "Improvement of pastures and the creation of hayfields in the desert zone of Uzbekistan", Samarkand, 1959, pp. 19, 24; Shameutdinov Z.Sh. Creation of long-term pastures in the arid zone of Central Asia ", Tashkent," Fan ", 1975, p. 144; Erofeev VA et al." Recommendations on fencing, improvement and use of pastures of the Western Caspian region ", Elista, 1972, p. Muhammadov et al "Recommendations for improving pastures in the arid zones of Central Asia and Southern Kazakhstan", М. МСХ СССР, 1982, с. 16).
After fixing the sown herbs, the soil is treated on strips with natural vegetation and seeded with herbs. Thus, the technology of pasture improvement in two stages protects them from the harmful effects of wind erosion. However, in its essence, it is a technology of radical improvement only in the band variant, which is characterized by great laboriousness and significant operating and capital expenditures.
The method of creating artificial pastures is also known (see author's N 1481792, class A 01 V 79/02), which provides for the creation of seed plots directly on the improved pasture, with narrow strips (3-10 m) across the direction of the prevailing winds and Alternating with wide strips (80-100 m) of natural pasture.
After the seeds ripen on the seed plots, the entire mass of the testis is mowed by harvesters, crushed and scattered on wide strips of natural pasture, and then rolled up with rollers. According to the authors, in this way they achieve a reduction in the number of technological operations for improving pastures, and thus reducing costs.
However, one-time mowing of seed areas indicates simultaneous ripening of seeds, indicating the coincidence of the cycles of development of grasses. And this means that the floristic composition of testes does not differ in variety.
In the prototype, from the conventional technology of pasture improvement, only post-harvest seed processing and loading and unloading operations are excluded. Instead of harvesting the seeds, the entire mass of the testicle is removed, and even crushed. And instead of sowing a seeder sifts the heap and compacts it with rollers to seal the seeds in the soil.
The aim of the invention is to reduce the costs of creating semi-desert pastures with a rich botanical herb composition.
The goal is achieved by the fact that in the pasture the soil is treated under the testes with strips 25-50 m wide, and the equal bands between them are left untouched. The bands are located across the direction of the prevailing winds. After the preparation of the soil for the stripes, the seedlings of the Sitnikov, the wheatgrass, the camphorosma, the rod and the tyrant, which are the dominant plants of the semi-desert pastures, are scattered and widely distributed.
The seeds of the hamstrings of Sitnikov and Tizza ripen in early June, are showered and carried by the wind through the field due to their high sail. On the contrary, the generative escape of the inhabitant practically does not lie, does not break off, and the seeds stay in the wheel for a long time and do not fall apart even in strong winds. They ripen for two weeks after which the hairs of the Sitnikov and Tidan.
High seeds and light precipitation characterize the seeds of camphorosum and prutnika, ripening by the end of October.
After camphorosm and prutnyak have reached haymaking ripeness, the testes are mowed and raised, and after drying, the grasses are raked through the unseed stripes to the boundaries of adjacent sown strips, and then removed. Due to the fact that by this time the seeds of grasses both in the testis and in the interrow rows ripen and partially fall, raking the hay with rakes through unimproved pasture belts is simultaneously an operation of sowing and planting grass seeds in the soil.
As shown by our experiments, seeds of cereals, both in testes and in natural pastures, grow in abundance in the moisture-favorable autumn on the untreated strips after raking the grasses in the swaths. By the onset of frosts, they manage to get out, which is a guarantee of their survival in winter conditions. If the autumn is dry, the seeds germinate early in the spring of the following year.
Continuing the haymaking use of the testes, the next year they mow them in the haymaking ripeness of cereals, i.e. Hornet, zhitnjaka and tipitsa (the end of May the beginning of June). Camphorosm and prutnyak differ from other grasses by the presence of straying generative shoots, so some of them remain intact during haymaking and form full-fledged seeds. In addition, many of the cut bushes grow before the beginning of winter and form a seed crop. Part of the seeds after ripening due to high sail is carried along the field by wind. And the other part remains on the plants. In order for them to scatter over unimproved strips and be embedded in the soil, the entire site across the testes is armored by tooth harrows.
Harvesting time November December.
In the spring of next year, the seeds of camphorosms and prutnaya germinate in abundance.
In this way, pasture improvement operations are significantly reduced in comparison with the prototype. Moreover, it is possible to combine hay harvesting and pasture improvement in a single technological process.
The method was tested in conditions of semi-desert pastures on the Black Lands (Kalmyk SSR).
The use of the invention will make it possible to create a pasture rich in botanical herbage, both at the expense of testes and seeds of other herbs growing on untreated strips. Such a pasture is a prototype (model) of a natural semi-desert fodder land.
CLAIM
1. A method for improving semi-desert pastures, including stripping the soil, leaving untreated strips between them, creating testes of herbs on treated strips, harvesting the entire testicle mass after maturing of seeds, characterized in that the soil in pastures is treated with 25-50 m wide strips alternating with untreated Stripes of the same width.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the testes create semigested dominants from forage plants with different cycles of growth and development of the hairs of the Sitnikov, the wheatgrass, the camphorosum, the rod and the tip.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that each species of testicles of the herbs is sown in a separate row with a row spacing of 0.7 m.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that at the time of haymaking maturity of camphorosms and twigs, the testes are mowed by mowing, and after raking, the rake is raked through untreated strips to ensure that seeds of cereals are shed and embedded in the soil to the border with the next adjacent testis band.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that in the following year testes are mowed in terms of haymaking ripeness of hairs, gill and hatchlings, and the seed on the generative shoots of camphorosms and sticks that have survived after mowing, by harrowing across the seeding direction of the testes, are pulled by tooth harrows and Are embedded in the soil of untreated pasture strips.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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