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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2150816
METHOD FOR EMPOWERING THE ULTIMATE LUPINE AS SEEDAL FERTILIZER
The name of the inventor: G. Debely ; Lodochkin P.I.
The name of the patent holder: Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Non-Chernozem Zone
Address for correspondence: 143013, Moscow region., Odintsovo district, p / o Nemchinovka-1, st. Kalinin 1, NIIRKH CRNZ
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.03.31
The invention is intended for use in agriculture in the technology of cultivating lupine for sideration. The method includes sowing seeds, inoculating plants when planting, planting green mass in the soil during the maximum amount of nitrogen-containing nodules on the roots - in the flowering phase and re-seeding after 5-7 days, and final sealing of the green mass is carried out according to the adopted crop rotation. The method makes it possible to effectively use varieties of narrow-leaved lupine for sideration.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely the technology of cultivating lupine for sideration.
The annual narrow-leafed lupine is known for its high sideration properties. Unlike other annual legumes, it is unpretentious due to the peculiarities of the root system it makes good use of soil moisture and nutrients from the soil, and with the help of nodule bacteria fixes free nitrogen from the air, accumulating 150-250 kg of nitrogen per hectare (1 - page 38). , 2 - from 10, 3 - page 47, 69, 4 - pp. 101, 108).
However, to date, the use of narrow-leafed lupine in green manure production has not been widely used, which is due to a number of reasons, including:
1. Cultivated well-known varieties of narrow-leaved lupine, both fodder and seder, are late-ripening varieties. In the central regions of the Non-chernozem zone, north of the Oka River, such varieties do not always ripen, but in rainy years they grow and do not ensure the production of quality seeds (1 - pp. 173, 192, 2 - p. 69, 3 - p. 124, 4 - 14).
2. Due to late ripeness and low growth rates, the usual branched varieties of narrow-leaved lupine form the largest yield of green mass by the end of the growing season (August-September). At this time, the grinding and plowing of coarse green mass is associated with certain difficulties, since unreposed stems and rooted roots lie in the soil sometimes for a year or more, while maintaining external forms and integrity (1 - pages 48 and 49).
3. When lupine is placed on new lands where these cultures have never been cultivated, because of the absence of specific strains of nodule bacteria to varieties and soils, lupine plants develop poorly and do not provide for the accumulation of a sufficient amount of sideration mass. The known method of influencing plants by biological means in order to increase the activity of nodule bacteria is the closest to the method claimed by us and is therefore adopted as a prototype (1-p. 86). It is known that artificial inoculation (inoculation) of nodule bacteria is mandatory (1 - p. 178).
It is an object of the present invention to develop agronomic techniques that facilitate the efficient use of varieties of narrow-leaved lupine for sideration.
This goal is achieved, firstly, by the application of new, early-ripened (deterministic) varieties of the annual narrow-leaved lupine, such as Ladnyi and Dikaf 14 (4 - p.14 and 15), which are regionalized in the Non-Chernozem zone. Due to the intensive growth and accumulation of dry matter, the yields of green mass reached 200 centners / hectare, which corresponds to 40 centners / ha of dry matter, two months after their spring sowing (late April-early May). At the same time, in terms of nitrogen content equal to 100 kg / ha, such a mass is equal to the effectiveness of its effect to 20 tons of overgrown manure. Being in the end of flowering phase - the beginning of fruit formation, lupine plants reach a height of 50-60 cm, are easily crushed and embedded in the soil as a green fertilizer. During this period, they have the largest number of active nodule bacteria on the roots (3 - page 108, 4 - pp. 14 and 15).
Secondly, as already noted, in new areas where lupine has never been cultivated, its plants develop poorly and have a few nodules even when nitragin (rutorphin) is used. With repeated sowing, after plowing and disking the plants of the first sowing, after 7-10 days on sandy loams and 10-15 days on loamy soils, lupine develops well, has many nodule bacteria. In August-September the yield of green mass reaches 300-400 c / ha, containing 60-75 c / ha of dry matter. When re-sealing in the roots and aboveground parts of plants contains up to 180-190 kg of nitrogen, which is equivalent to introducing 30-40 t / ha of manure. With early mowing and embedding of the mass in the end of flowering phase, after pre-sowing soil cultivation, sideration steam is used as winter crops, with the late planting of plants in the phase of the blue-shining bean in September-October, the siderates serve as precursors of spring and potato.
USED BOOKS
1. Alexeev E.K. Green manure. Sel'khozhiz, 1948. - Prototype.
Takunov I.P. Lupine in the agriculture of Russia. Bryansk. "Transnistria", 1966.
3. Sharapov N.L. Lupine and his cultivation. Sel'khozhiz, 1937.
4. Debelyi GA, Derbensky VI, Grishina E.E. New promising lupine cultures. // In the collection "Biological and ecological potential of lupine and its realization". Bryansk, 1997, p.14 and 15.
CLAIM
The method of growing lupine narrow-leaved as a sideral fertilizer, including seed sowing, inoculation during plant cultivation and embedding of green mass in the soil, characterized by the fact that after the early spring sowing of the beans, the plants are grown to the flowering stage - forming the maximum number of nitrogen-containing nodules on the roots, then closing the green mass In the soil by known methods and after 5 to 7 days, the seeds are re-sown, and the final embedding of the green mass is carried out according to the adopted crop rotation.
print version
Date of publication 09.03.2007gg
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