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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2035850

METHOD OF GROWING CROPS entomophilous

METHOD OF GROWING CROPS entomophilous

Name of the inventor: Pavlov Nikolai Semenovich
The name of the patentee: Nikolai Pavlov S.
Address for correspondence:
Starting date of the patent: 1991.07.04

Use: agriculture. The inventive biogeotsenoznye band - have reserves in the fields of crop rotation in the direction of the terrain and is formed by the formation of embankments at the physical maturation of the soil. Biogeotsenoznye band - reserves are divided into three parts in width: the edges are seeded one-and perennial grasses, and the central part of the seal. In biogeotsenoznyh bands seeded mixture of annual and perennial grasses, and in the process of crop rotation crops spend a minimum basic processing fields (less than the depth of nesting wild pollinators location) and surface improvement biogeotsenoznyh bands. The crop rotation includes mainly entomophilous culture with different terms of flowering to create fodder pollinators.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivation entomophilous crops in the rotation, and can be used in agricultural production.

Yields entomophilous crops depend on pollination efficiency, which is influenced by the following factors:

  • weather conditions, leading to a decrease in nektarootdeleniya and reduced attendance plants by honeybees; in this case the crop yield is dependent on wild bee;
  • feature of the structure of plant flowers that are pollinated only by wild pollinators;
  • goodness pollination, depending on the multiplicity of pollination from 8 to 35 times or more;
  • availability of forage for wild pollinators and honeybees;
  • entomophags accumulation.

an attempt to increase the yield of crops entomophilous was made in the course of cultivation which were placed in sanctuaries band pin field, accumulated nesting wild pollinators in the three-year use of the output of the field and plowed field with stripes sanctuaries.

The disadvantage of this method is the destruction of nests of wild pollinators during plowing. This method increases the yield of seeds, but possible through the creation of favorable conditions for the accumulation of colonies of wild pollinators are not fully utilized. When heavy rains and snowmelt accumulated nests destroyed on the slopes when the soil leaching, exposed zataplivaniyu being flush with the surface of the field. In addition, nesting wild pollinators are formed and in the fields of crop rotation, but in the main tillage (plowing fields, crop rotation) nests are destroyed, thus preventing their accumulation.

In the course of crop rotation band spontaneously recovered (from crumbling seeds) that eventually leads to a deterioration of the grass and fodder for the impoverishment of the colonies of wild pollinators. These factors reduce the buildup of colonies of wild pollinators.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity by improving entomophilous crop pollination by creating favorable conditions for the accumulation of nesting colonies of wild pollinators.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in contrast to the known method of cultivation entomophilous crops, including placement of crops in the rotation leaving biogetsenoznyh bands (bands reserves) with annual and perennial grasses, in the present process in the formation of a biogeotsenoznyh bands in the direction of the contours of the terrain and they are sown in a mixture of annual and perennial grasses, and in the process of crop rotation crops spend a minimum basic processing fields and surface improvement biogeotsenoznyh bands. In the crop rotation includes the largest number of crops entomophilous necessary household taking into account the timing of their flowering to create fodder pollinators.

Biogeotsenoznye strip form by forming embankments at the physical maturation of the soil. Biogeotsenoznye band is divided into three parts in width: the edges are sown annual and perennial grasses, and the central part of the seal and left uninoculated.

Thus, the method of the invention meets the criterion of "novelty". Known technical solution according to which the shafts in a direction of the contours of the relief. However, in the known solution, this arrangement is done only to prevent soil erosion. In the proposed method, the location and shape of the shafts immediately contribute earlier snow and soil warming, resulting in an earlier departure observed bees spring. In addition, it prevents zataplivanie nesting water erosion and destruction.

Known and minimum basic tillage, which is characterized by a reduced depth of processing, reduces energy costs. In the proposed method, the minimum basic treatment is carried out in order to prevent the destruction of nests of wild pollinators, which are located in the fields of crop rotation at a depth of 20-25 cm. The rest of the features of the proposed solutions are not currently similar to the known solutions.

Thus, the analysis allows to conclude that the proposed solution to the criterion "significant differences".

Example of the method. After a physical ripening of the soil is divided into the fields of crop rotation biogeotsenoznye band, arranging them on the terrain contours. The distance between the stripes depends on the location of the mortgaged fields of crop rotation. If the field is a little (less than 5%) of sites with natural vegetation (beams, rough slopes, forest belts, etc.), then the distance is reduced between the bands up to 150 m and less if the natural vegetation areas enough (up to 10% of the area field crop rotation), the distance between the bars is increased to 300 meters. After the breakdown wands bands in the fields of crop rotation band is separated from the field furrows control lines to a depth of 20 cm plow on landmarks on the width of the intended planting seeders (7-11 m). The treatment is carried out of the soil of the field just outside the breakdown and obpashkoy biogeotsenoznyh bands. After plowing begin to form biogeotsenoznyh bands. The soil from the edges of the strip is moved (grader or similar tillage) in the center, forming a shaft height of 0.4-0.6 m, and seal the top of it (1/3 width of the shaft). Spring seeding in strips is conducted after cultivation at seeding depth. The edges of the strips are seeded annual and perennial grasses anemophilous entomophilous and so as to project coverage was sustained at 25-50% of the accepted norms of sowing, and rolled down, and the central part of the sown watered and tamped, creating a sort of a dirt road.

Said density field biogeotsenoznyh cover strips supported in the rotation crop rotation by surface improvement. tillage technology in the crop rotation is conventional except for the depth of the main processing, which takes no more than 20 cm in order not to damage the nests of wild pollinators, inhabiting not only biogeotsenoznyh bands, but also in the fields of crop rotation (nesting depth of 20-25 cm ).

Dates entomophilous flowering crops in the rotation is controlled by the different timing of planting and mowing of perennial grasses.

Example of crops from year to year crop rotation rotation is shown in the table.

Other variants of crop rotation, depending on the business need.

The proposed method in comparison with the prototype allows to increase productivity by entomophilous crop pollination by improving environmental conditions, location of the nests at the top of the rampart, contributes to early warming of the soil, reducing the incubation period and the early departure of wild bees. Wild bees provide pollination even in low nektarovydelenii (weather conditions), because they mostly collect pollen, which will provide a high yield entomophilous crops at low activity of honey bees.

Mixtures entomophilous anemophilous and herbs in biogeotsenoznyh bands and their periodical improvement in the crop rotation and crop rotation and the inclusion of the largest number of entomophilous cultures considering their flowering period to create a constantly blossoming forage for wild and cultivated bees.

Location biogeotsenoznyh lanes in the direction of the contours of the terrain, and the minimum and basic processing of field crop rotation allows you to keep nesting wild pollinators from destruction by weather conditions (erosion by rain and melt water), but also with the technological basic tillage, which in turn provides a benign (multiple) pollination.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield, depending on the culture by 20-25% (sunflower, buckwheat, etc.) To 150-200% (alfalfa, clover, etc..). In addition, the spillover effects of the proposed method, the conditions for placing a stationary apiaries and constant accumulation entomophags defenders harvest.

CLAIM

1. HOW GROWING CROPS entomophilous including placement of crops in the rotation with the formation of reserves biogeotsenoznyh strips with herbs, characterized in that, in order to increase crop yields through better pollination by creating favorable conditions for the accumulation of nesting colonies of wild pollinators and ensure their food base, the formation of biogeotsenoznyh strips have their sanctuaries in the direction of the contours of the terrain and sown in them a mixture of annual and perennial grasses, and in the process of crop rotation crops spend a minimum basic tillage fields and surface improvement biogeotsenoznyh bands, while in the rotation mainly include entomophilous culture with different flowering periods.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip-biogeotsenoznye reserves formed as embankments soil by physical ripening.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strip-biogeotsenoznye reserves are divided into three parts in width, along the edges of plating annual and perennial grasses and compacting the central portion.

print version
Publication date 10.03.2007gg