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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2120738
SUBSTRATE FOR CULTIVATION OF PLANTS
The name of the inventor: Tsogoev VB; D. Dzanagov; Kaloyeva N.I .; Bekuzarova S.A.
The name of the patent holder: North Caucasian Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture; Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.04.24
The substrate is intended for growing plants and contains marine clay deposits as a mineral base and 0.06-0.1% of ammonium nitrate, which in the substrate increase the germination and energy of germination of plants.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing plants in greenhouses and as fertilizers in the cultivation of crops.
Known substrate is a porous polyvinylformal (PPFR), which has elasticity when moistened (A 942268, cl. A 01 G 31/00, 1983).
In the known method for growing plants, additional nutrient input, extraction and delivery are required, which increases the costs of agricultural production of greenhouses.
A substrate for growing plants is known, where a mineral base is used as the nutrient medium, where ammonium and potassium nitrate elements are introduced (AS 1135463, cl. A 01 G 31/00, 1985).
In the prototype method for saturation of the substrate, salts containing substances are additionally introduced. In addition, the substrate requires regular watering. This significantly increases the cost of the substrate, increases the cost of production.
The purpose of the invention is to reduce costs, expand the assortment of substrates.
The goal is achieved by the fact that the substrate for growing plants includes a mineral base and ammonium nitrate. As a mineral base, it contains marine clayey deposits of rocks with the addition of ammonium nitrate 0,06 - 0,1%.
Marine clay deposits of Paleogene and Neogene age are widespread in the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus. Characterized by an increased content of macro- and microelements, which are stimulators of plant growth. The substrate contains: boron - 1.1% copper - 0.3%, molybdenum - 0.05%; Zinc - 0.03%, manganese - 1.5%, cobalt - 0.01%, vanadium - 0.1%, iron - 8.3%, sulfur - 2.5%, phosphorus, rare earth metals and other elements .
According to the data of the North Caucasian Mining and Technological University, marine clay rock deposits contain: silicon - 52.64%, aluminum - 28.09%, iron (bivalent) - 4.27%, iron (trivalent) - 2.84% , Calcium - 3.05%, manganese - 1.71%, potassium - 2.09%, sodium - 1.1%, phosphorus - 0.05%, sulfur (total) - 1.18%, copper - 0, 01%, zinc - 0,007%, moisture - 3,07%, humus - 2%, coefficient of water loss - 0,3%.
It follows from the data given that clay particles have weak water loss and high adsorption capacity. In their composition clay particles are close to known zeolites, but differ from them by a high content of silicon, aluminum and iron.
Microelements in these clays are present mainly in water-soluble and readily recoverable forms of plants.
Deposits of sea clays in the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus are unlimited and can be used not only as a substrate, but also as a component for applying fertilizers to the soil. In connection with the lack of nitrogen compounds, so necessary for the normal development of plants, 0.06 - 0.1% ammonium nitrate is additionally added to the substrate. The parameters of such a quantity of nitrogen fertilizers are justified by the fact that plants require this type of fertilizer in such quantities per unit of clay deposits. So, in 1.2 kg of substrate per one vessel 1.2 - 2 g of nitrogen fertilizers were added.
Example 1 . Two cultures were used for the test: clover meadow and soybean. The control option was the cultivation of these crops on soil. The crushed clay was placed in the vessels. To 2 kg of pure clay in the vessel, ammonium nitrate was added in an amount of 1.2 g. The second option is a mixture of clay and soil.
Example 2 . The substrate was prepared, as in the first example. To the substrate was added 2 g of ammonium nitrate. All three options are presented in the table. The substrate was tested in greenhouses at an optimum temperature of 18 ° -20 ° C.
Based on the results given in the table, it can be concluded that marine clay sediments give an effect as a substrate for growing plants, as compared to the control, the germination and germination energy are much higher. For growing plants, no additional costs are required for micro- and macro-elements. Clay particles tightly retain moisture, which reduces the flow of water for irrigation. All this significantly reduces the cost of production, especially on underdeveloped soils. Agricultural land, located near clay deposits, can be fertilized without the costs of mineral substances introduced into the soil, but also in greenhouses.
CLAIM
Substrate for growing plants, including a mineral base and ammonium nitrate, characterized in that as a mineral base it contains clayey marine deposits of rocks, and ammonium nitrate - in an amount of 0.06-0.1%.
print version
Date of publication 10.03.2007gg
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