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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2117420
WAY OF GROWING POTATOES ON BIGS
The name of the inventor: Yakovlev E.N .; Tabachuk PI; Rubtsov L.M. Kiselev E.P.
The name of the patent holder: Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Far Eastern Rosselkhozakademiya
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1995.07.31
The invention is intended for use in agriculture and can be used to grow potatoes in beds. A layer of natural zeolites with a width of 20-25 cm and a thickness of 2 cm is added to the depths of 13-17 cm cut from autumn in the spring in the spring, and organomineral fertilizers are introduced to a depth of 6-10 cm, and potatoes are planted in this layer With subsequent shelter by a fertile layer of arable horizon. In the soil, natural zeolites are introduced in the form of grains from 0.5 to 5.0 mm. The dose of zeolite application is 30-40 t / ha. The proposed method provides an optimal level of nutrition for potato plants while reducing the level of waterlogging and re-consolidation of the central volume of the ridge. As a result of the use of zeolite-permeable fertilizers, the potato yield is increased by 10 - 25%.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for growing potatoes in beds.
There are known methods of growing potatoes on the ridges with the formation of high-volume ridges (ridges) for several passes of aggregates in the period from the preparation (cutting) of the ridges in the spring and till the end of interrow cultivation in July-August ( Crested-ridge technology of cultivation of crops in the Far East, E) Khabarovsk, 1979, pp. 147-158, S.Sushchinsky, Progressive Technology of Potato Cultivation, Khabarovsk, 1973 ). With such methods, a ridge (ridge) is formed during the period from slicing to the end of care of plantings from a homogeneous fertile layer of the arable horizon of the soil, which has a minimum of necessary nutrients for cultivated plants. However, the long terms of the formation of the ridge over time from the fertile fertile soil horizon with the optimization of the amount of mineral fertilizers for feeding the plants and, consequently, the conditions for planting potatoes (density, hardness, humidity, etc.) contribute to the fact that many successive processing operations Soils cause such a negative phenomenon as the washing out of nutrients during the period of abundant precipitation. In this case, the number of operations (mineral fertilizers, cutting ridges, preplant preparation of ridges, looking after planting, etc..) Requires a lot of energy, aimed at maintaining optimal nutrition, moisture and density structure of topsoil arable layer of heavy-textured pereuvlazhnyat soil . All this requires solving the problem of shaping the volume of the fertile soil layer in the optimal composition for nutrients, taking into account the features of heavy soils in the composition of the soil, which ensure a reduction in the degree of overconsolidation and waterlogging them in compressed agro-springs.
The solution closest to the proposed solution is the author's decision. St. N 1759267, cl. A 01 C 9/00, A 01 B 79/02, publ. BULL. N 33, 1992 - Method of preparing soil for planting potatoes. This method creates conditions for plant nutrition and reduces energy consumption in potato production.
However, in this case, when a copious amount of precipitation falls out, a considerable amount of organic matter is washed out (humus, wood ash, sawdust, peat, etc.); Uneconomically used the volume of soil under plantings, namely not all organic substances (humus from the lower loosened layer depth of 30-50 cm) can be used by plants during the growing season. In addition, the planting of potatoes in the upper soil layer from sawdust, peat and heavy soil in the period of prolonged drought in the spring does not allow to have a normal water regime for feeding potato plants.
The aim of the invention is to reduce the degree of overconsolidation and waterlogging of ridges formed from heavy loamy podzolic brown soils, increase of soil fertility and potato yield.
The goal is achieved by adding a layer of natural zeolites with a width of 20-25 cm and a layer thickness of 2 cm into the furrow along the center of the ridge to a depth of 13-17 cm in the spring cut in the spring in the spring of a special machine (type MLG-1), then to a depth of 6 cm -10 cm make organic-mineral fertilizers (a marked mixture), in which the potatoes are planted and then covered with a fertile layer of arable horizon. Natural zeolites, which possess high ion-exchange capacity and retaining capacity, and when applied to the soil and capable of reversibly fixing ammonium, potassium and other elements of mineral nutrition of plants, thereby prevent their washing out into the underlying horizons and generally from the field. In addition, zeolites contribute to the improvement of the water-air regime of the soil, reducing over-consolidation and waterlogging of ridges during a period of abundant precipitation. By its chemical composition, natural zeolites are the source of many macro and microelements necessary for the normal development of potato plants.
Natural zeolites are ground with crushers, screened on sieves. Grain is introduced into the soil from 0.5 to 5.0 mm. The application rate of zeolites is 30-40 t / ha at a depth of 13-17 cm. As a mineral-organic mixture located above the stripe of 13-17 cm zeolites introduced into the depth, a mixture of natural zeolites with chicken litter (ratio 1: 0.8 -1) in a dose of 10 t / ha. This mixture from leaching is covered with a fertile layer of soil of the arable horizon. Zeolites of fractions from 0.5 to 5.0 mm are used for the preparation of the zeolite-comminuted mixture. Natural zeolites are used here as a means of making it possible to use hard-to-use chicken manure, which makes it possible to rationally use it and reduce the danger of contamination of surrounding agro landscapes.
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In Fig. 1,2,3,4 reflects the way of shaping old-arable beds with the use of natural zeolites, organic-mineral fertilizers and a fertile layer of arable horizon. Layer A - layer of natural zeolites; Layer B-layer of organomineral fertilizers, layer C-fertile layer of arable horizon.
The proposed method provides the creation of an optimal (economical) level of nutrition of potato plants with a simultaneous decrease in the level of leaching of mixtures, and also waterlogging and re-consolidation of the central volume (the volume of soil in the center) of the ridge. Field experiments established an increase in potato yield by 10-25%.
CLAIM
Method of growing potatoes, which includes presowing soil cultivation and processing during the care of plantings, layerwise introduction of organomineral fertilizers and formation of ridges, characterized by the fact that the soil is formed from natural zeolites at a depth of 13-17 cm with a strip width of 20-25 cm and a thickness of 2 Cm, then, together with the tubers to a depth of 6-10 cm, a zeolite-permeable mixture is deposited, covered by a fertile layer of arable horizon.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dosage of natural zeolites introduced as grains is 30 to 40 tons per hectare, and the zeolite-permeable mixture is 10 tons per hectare.
The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the total volume of the formed bedrock is increased during interrow cultivation due to the arable fertile layer fed to the top of the ridge from the bottom of the furrow and partly from the slopes of the ridges.
print version
Date of publication 09.12.2006гг
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