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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2290782

Ways of conducting vines

Name of the inventor: Shamil Guseinov Nazhmutdinovich (RU); Murad Huseynov Shamil'evich (RU); Chigrik Boris V. (RU); Kretov Alexander (RU); Gordeyev Vitaaly Nikolaevich
The name of the patentee: GNU All-Russia Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking them. ME AND. Potapenko (VNIIVO)
Address for correspondence: 346421, Rostov region, Novocherkassk, etc. Baklanovsky, 166 VNIIVO..
Starting date of the patent: 2004.03.29

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture. The method involves planting, installation support, pruning and shaping bushes and fruiting zone, the attachment to the support bushes. Bushes shtambe formed on two vertically directed shoulders cordon at a distance from one another with a bend in each leg a base, giving the bush V-shaped. Thus 3.2 parts of the fruit placed on the shoulders of the cordon arm with the outer side, and 1.3 - with the inner. Furthermore, the first fruit units are arranged on the outer side of the bend arm immediately, without attaching to the support. The invention allows to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of growth medium, yield and quality of berries, the durability of the bushes, to increase the crown space allowed for the placement of the shoots and foliage, to improve radiation treatment of the vineyard, increase the productivity of photosynthesis foliage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular viticulture, and can be used in the cultivation of grapes in all areas of viticulture.

There is a method of conducting vines (A.S.Merzhanian Viticulture M .: Publishing House "Kolos" -..., 1967. - S.336 -. Ris.160). The method includes the planting of plants, the formation of bilateral multilateral cordon fruit with several links placed evenly along the axis of the series in two tiers.

The disadvantage of this method is that it provides for the establishment of multilateral bushes with a vertical gain of conduct. This leads not only to increased costs for the care of shrubs (cropping, garter vine shoots and the fight against diseases and pests, etc.), but also to a decrease in yield due to excessive thickening of vines and shoots in the crown bush. multicore bush causes a sharp display of competition in the development sleeve (trunk) and thus the need for their frequent rejuvenation.

Known and the method of conducting vines (A.S.Merzhanian Viticulture M .: Publishing House "Kolos" -..., 1967. - S.336 -. Ris.160). The method involves planting bushes, formation odnoshtambovogo bush vines with bunk accommodation on the multi-storey vertical trellis.

The disadvantage of this method is that used in this method, a long pruning vines and steep bend them to impart passive situation is a violation not only of normal structure and phloem sap flow in parts of the vine, but also greatly reduces the growth of shoots around the bend. This leads to a general weakening of the bushes vigor, and hence to reduce their yield.

Known and the method of conducting vines (L.M.Maltabar, A.K.Zhdamarova Cutting, shaping and conducting vines systems Krasnodar -..., 1997. - P.47 -. Figure 9) (prototype), including planting , installation support, pruning, shaping bushes and fruiting zone, the attachment to the support bushes.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the horizontal cordons formed fruiting units on long horns grow the level of the second tier and the top part of the weight of shoots with clusters overturned in one direction or another, are ground wire and break off. This leads to significant yield losses, disruption of the forming bush and additional costs for the restoration of damaged units. In addition, the narrowed crown space with this method reference limits the possibility of increasing the load of bushes and shoots yield and assimilation surface and leads to excessive thickening of shoots in the crown of shrubs, foliage reduction in productivity of photosynthesis.

The purpose of the present invention - increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of growth medium, yield and fruit quality, durability bushes. Furthermore, the method provides universalization reference system, ie the possibility of using it as a vertical trellis, and the two-plane.

The goal is achieved by a method of conducting vines, comprising planting plants, plant supports, cutting and shaping bush and fruiting zone, the attachment of the bushes for bearing bushes formed on shtambe with two vertically directed shoulders cordon at a distance from each other with a bend at the base of each arm, with giving the bush a V-shaped. Thus 3.2 parts of the fruit placed on the shoulders of the cordon arm on the outside, and 3.1 - with the inner, moreover, the first fruit units are arranged on the outer side of the bend arm immediately, without attaching to the support. Under the weight of shoots and they hang harvest, thereby increasing the crown space of the bush.

What is new is the proposed structure of the formation and maintenance of vines.

An essential feature of the proposed technical solution is that in this way the bush give V-shaped with two upright sleeves directed at a certain distance from each other with a bend in each arm base. 03/02 fruit units are placed on the outside shoulder and the third - on the inside. Wherein the first links of the fruit placed on them from the outer side shoulder immediately behind the bend, and they are not attached to the support. Under the weight of green shoots and harvest, they hang down, thereby increasing the crown space of the bush.

The implementation of the claimed method is illustrated by drawings.

In the drawings shows schematically the formation of the bushes by the proposed method.

The method is as follows. Vineyard lay with aisles of 3-4 meters. In a series of landing bushes produce the distances between them 1-2-2,5 meters.

In the year of planting create favorable conditions for the development of a good root system and leaf apparatus. During the second growing season (Figure 1) on the bush 1 left a knot 2, having cut it to 2 buds. After the development of the shoots on the bush (2) is left only one centrally located Escape 3, which grows to tie individual Cola 4. Upon reaching the escape the first wire trellis 5 6 pinch it under the first wire 5. develop after this operation Pasynkova shoots removed except for the two uppermost 7 (2) that can reach the end of the growing season.

a third spring (3) Pasynkova runners 7 (Figure 2) is cut to the entire length of ripened to form a shoulder 8 cordon (3 and 4), whereupon the lower part of their tie in opposite directions along the first wire trellis, then bent and directed vertically upwards, fixing the tip of a rod for the top wire. After the development of the shoots 3 (3) on each arm left on 3-4 shoots, which pinch out on 4-6 interstices.

fourth spring (4) are subject to pruning bushes. From evolved shoots 3 (3) with stepchildren 9 form fruiting units 10 (Figure 4). Arrows 11 in the lowest echelons of fruit 10 (4) 6-10 holes are cut and attached to a support is not, but in the middle and upper echelons of fruit and swirls of substitution 12 (4) is applied a short crop.

In the fifth growing season (5) and subsequent years, the fundamental nature of pruning does not change, ie, the arrow on the lower links of the fruit produced is longer, and the middle and upper - shorter. And the lower fruiting links to the support is not attached. Under the weight of shoots and they hang harvest, thereby increasing the crown space of the bush (6).

Imparting bush V-shaped with two upright sleeves directed at a certain distance from each other with a bend at the base of each arm, placing units 03/02 fruit with an outer side of the shoulder, and 3.1 - with the inner bottom and giving fruit directly links the bend passive position allows to increase the resistance of plants to stress factors of growth medium, resistance to wind loads, increase the crown space bushes provided for the placement of vines, shoots, foliage and harvest, to improve radiation vineyard mode, increase the foliage photosynthesis productivity and bookmark generative organs in the kidney wintering buds.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield and quality of berries, in a wide range of maneuver value of crop and fruit quality, increase productivity and resistance of plants to stressful situations.

CLAIM

A method of conducting vines, comprising planting plants, plant supports, cutting and shaping bush and fruiting zone, the attachment of the bushes to the support, characterized in that the bush formed on shtambe with two vertically directed shoulders cordon at a distance from one another with a bend in each arm of the base , to impart bush V-shaped, with 3.2 units of fruit are placed on shoulders of the cordon arm with the outer side, and 1.3 - with the inner, moreover, the first links of the fruit placed on them from the outer side shoulder immediately behind the bend, is not attached to the support.

print version
Publication date 10.03.2007gg

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