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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2238621
METHOD OF MAINTAINING SOILS OF VINEYARDS
The name of the inventor: Kiyan A.T.
(RU); Vorobyeva TN (RU); Lomakina G.A.
The name of the patent holder: North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Address for correspondence: 350901, Krasnodar, ul. 40 years of Victory, 39, State Tax Administration of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, patent sector
The effective date of the patent: 2003.03.31
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to viticulture. The method includes single sowing in each intercrop of the winter triticale of the grain-feed type, underfeeding in the spring of the green mass in the spring, disking with the embedding of ripened biomass along with the grain in summer. Sowing of winter triticale is carried out through the aisle for 3-year agrotechnological cycles. In each new cycle, sowing is started with a non-seeded triticale that is not sown in the previous row, which is different from the previous one. The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grapes cultivation, soil fertility, the productivity of the grape plant, the ecological compatibility of cultivation and the quality of the products.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, will find application in plant growing and gardening, mainly in viticulture.
Ways of maintaining the intercropping soil of vineyards are known: according to the type of black steam (Smirnov VK, Kalechkova TI, Morozova GS Viticulture .- M .: Agropromizdat .-- 1987. - P.252-254); Interdigitation of perennial grasses (Agro-indication for viticulture. / Edited by N. Kachanov .- Chisinau: "Cartya Masu." - 1989. - P.524); Annual sowing of syderat cultures (Zeltser V.Ya. On the improvement of the soil care system in vineyards., Viniculture and winemaking - 1990. - № 2. - P.19-22).
The closest analogue is the method of inter-row cultivation of vineyards (ATKiyan et al. Wheat and triticale / Proceedings of the Scientific and Practical Conference "The Green Revolution of PP Lukyanenko." - Krasnodar: "Soviet Kuban" .- 2001. - S. 734-744) under the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2029453 C1 (Description of invention dated 27.02.95, Bulletin No. 8 - prototype).
The essence of the prototype is a single sowing in each row of vine bushes of winter triticale of grain-feeding type, in the following years in the spring, during the time of entering the tube, the green mass is undermanned, and in summer the ripened biomass, together with the grain, is discarded and embedded in the interrow soil.
Disadvantages of this method are large material costs for seeds of winter triticale, sown in each row of vine bushes, and the absence of crop rotation, which reduces the fertility of the soil and the productivity of the bushes of grapes.
The aim of the proposed invention is to reduce material costs by lower per hectare consumption of seed material, increase of soil fertility by crop rotation of winter triticale, environmental friendliness and intensification of grape production. The goal is achieved by the special agrotechnology of applying the siderate culture in the vineyards.
The essence of the proposed invention is to activate the processes of removal from the soil of chemical toxicants used to protect grapes from harmful objects, increase the self-cleaning ability of the soil and its biotic structure. This is achieved by the periodicity of the agrotechnical cycles (3-4 years), the initial single seeding at the beginning of each cycle in the vineyards through the aisle of the winter triticale of the sequential selection assortment of the Krasnodar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. PP Lukyanenko: "AD Green", "Krasnodar grain feed", "Conveyor", "Slavic", "World", etc.
Example of specific implementation
Experimental and experimental work to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method of maintaining vineyard soil was carried out during two 3-year (1995-2001) agro-technological cycles in the southern carbonate chernozems of the northern part of the Taman Peninsula of the Anapo-Taman grape region of the Krasnodar Territory. As the research objects, the production areas of the Pinot blanca grape plantations with the planting scheme of 3.0 · 1.5 m of the formation on a 1,0-1,2 m height bench were used as a two-arm horizontal cordon on a two-tier basis.
The control variant is the method of inter-row processing according to the RF patent RU 2029453 C1 (prototype) with the use at the beginning of each new 3-year cycle of winter triticale variety "Krasnodar Grain Fodder" with a seeding rate of 4.5 million / ha of virgin syderat seeds in each row spacing .
In the proposed (compared with the prototype) method, after the pre-sowing of the rowing soil at the beginning of each new 3-year agrotechnological cycle, the winter triticale of a different sortotype was sown through the aisle, respectively: "Krasnodar Grain Fodder", "AD Green". In the following years, the spring was mowed in the spring and the disk was discarded with the embedding of ripened biomass and lacustrine spikes into the soil in the summer. At the end of the first 3-year agrotechnological cycle, after pre-sowing treatment, the winter triticale of a new varietotype was sown through the aisle, starting from the previously unseeded agrotechnological cycle. The periectic seed flow of the siderat in the cycle was 2.25 million of the emergent grains.
In both variants, the triticale sowing was carried out by a specially adapted SZN-3,6 seeder with a working width of 2.2 m. Seeds were not etched before sowing, Used grades of triticale breeding Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture. P. Lukyanenko is not affected by the smut and other malicious objects.
The results of the experimental work are given in the table.
The data given in the table show that the content of the intercropping soil of the vineyards according to the proposed method with sequential sowing in each of the two 3-year agrotechnological cycles of cultivating grape varieties of winter-grade triticale through the aisle by successive alternation of their sowing in the subsequent cycle makes it possible to halve seed costs by With a known method (prototype). Along with the activation of the self-cleaning ability of the soil (ecological compatibility), the improvement of the indices of grapes cultivation according to the proposed method, the economic efficiency of production increases by 22.1%.
CLAIM
The method of maintaining the vineyard soil, including single sowing in each intercrop of winter triticale of grain-feeding type, underfeeding in the spring of the green mass in spring, discging with the embedding of ripened biomass along with the grain in summer, characterized in that the winter triticale is sown through 3 rows of inter-row agrotechnical Cycles, and in each new cycle, sowing begins with the winter triticale, which is not seeded in the previous row, which is different from the previous one.
print version
Date of publication 10.03.2007gg
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