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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2137340
Of fertilizer AT CULTIVATION legumes
Name of the inventor: Farniev A.T .; Bekuzarova SA .; Gerasimenko MV .; Kozyrev AH
The name of the patentee: Gorsky State Agrarian University
Address for correspondence: 362040, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania Vladikavkaz, Kirov street, 37, GGAU
Starting date of the patent: 1998.06.22
The invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method consists in that the fertilizer (phosphorus and potassium) contribute 10-15 days before seeding. The plating period is made with the addition of micronutrients tseolitosoderzhaschih clays (irlits) in an amount of 0.8-1 t / ha. When soil fertility is increased this way, the amount of accumulated nitrogen increases due to the vigorous activity of nodule bacteria, reduced costs due to the simultaneous introduction of micronutrients.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of legumes in crop rotation link.
There is a method of fertilizer application for perennial legumes grasses, in which produce seed placement in a mixture of mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with trace elements boron (B) and molybdenum (of Mo) (Microfertilizers; Handbook, 2nd ed, 176 p..).
In this method, there is no technological method - inoculation of the plants, which drastically reduces the process azotonakopleniya rhizobia.
The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a method of applying fertilizers and rizotorfina (inoculation) for calculation methods based on the content of macro- and micronutrients in the soil to optimal parameters (G.S.Posypanov "Methods of studying the biological fixation of nitrogen in the air", a reference manual, M. Agropromizdat, 1991, pp. 253-256).
The disadvantages of this method are the following:
1. Fertilizers bring in several stages: at plowing - mineral, before sowing - trace elements (boron fertilizers) and crop, together with bacterial - molybdenum additives. This complicates the consistent application of the method.
2. Contributed autumn phosphate fertilizers often form insoluble phosphates, are fixed in the soil absorbing complex and reduce the efficiency of the formation of nodule bacteria.
3. During the dry season water broken and food regimes of the root system and, in particular, nitrogen-fixing ability of root nodule bacteria of leguminous plants.
4. When making micronutrients observed uneven distribution of total area seeded with. In particular, when terminating fertilizer cultivator says "patchy" effect, that is, the introduction of excessive in some places.
5. The joint introduction of molybdenum and rizotorfina (inoculum seed) helps to reduce the effectiveness of the symbiotic activity of nodule due to uneven action of molybdenum salts.
The purpose of the invention - improving the efficiency of the method and the nitrogen-fixing ability of legumes.
The goal is achieved by the fact that the phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied for 10-15 days before planting legumes, which are sown together with optimum doses of micronutrients, with the addition of bacterial fertilizers tseolitosoderzhaschih clay in an amount of 0.8 - 1 t / ha.
The method is as follows:
In the spring, for 10-15 days before planting under continuous cultivation, in the greatest depth make phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. This provides a viable soil enrichment to 15 cm, which is favorable for the rhizosphere microorganisms, including symbiotic nitrogen fixers (Rhizobium), symbiotic efficiency improves and as a consequence, plant growth and development. It reduces the loss of nutrients from fertilizers (especially potash) by switching to the gross form.
When used for pre-processing microelements seed inoculation and this technique most efficiently carried out as follows: The dose Mo -200 and -50 grams per hectare rate dissolve as boric acid and ammonium molybdate in 2% water by weight of the amount of seeds necessary for seed treatment rizotorfina at a dose of 200 grams per hectare rate. The rest of Mo and B make a non-traditional agroores Irlit -1 and -7 Irlit dose of 0.8-1 t / ha. Using their physical and chemical properties (moisture content, adsorption properties, particle size distribution) after mechanical mixing with crushed to powdered zeolite agroores state, the mixture is poured into the compartment zernotravjanogo grain drills NWT-adjusted 3.6 with seeding rate, and herbal - seeds of perennial legumes herbs and thus to carry out seeding RK background.
The advantage of this application of macro and micronutrients in optimal doses that in addition to pre-treatment of seeds near the seedbed arranged evenly distributed B and Mo, and other polimikroudobreniya that make up irlits containing 100 kg / t, respectively Irlit -1 / Irlit - 7: Cu-60/80; Zn-60/80; Co-20/10; Mn-1000/500; Mg-2/5; V-100/150 and others. They have properties of zeolites, adsorbed on their surfaces and in the Mo, preventing the formation of soil inaccessible (bound) shapes.
Example 1 was added P 90 and K 60 d 7 days before sowing under continuous cultivation. In. . 1 ha of superphosphate and potassium chloride unit RUM-5 and is sealed with a cultivator KPS-4 + BZSS-1.0 at a depth of 12-14 cm With a similar procedure prototype making micronutrients produced: soil before sowing spraying boric acid solution 2.1 kg / ha OVT unit 1A (400 l / ha), followed by incorporation KPS-4-BZSS + 1.0; ammonium molybdate at a dose of 2.3 kg / ha and rizotorfina 200 grams per hectare rate of treated seeds were sown and NWT-3.6 (which has two compartments - corn and grass) through a grassy compartment normally 14 kg / ha.
Example 2 12 days before sowing under continuous cultivation were added phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in the same doses and in the same manner as in the first example, the introduction of microcells performed.
Example 3: During the 12 days prior to planting a similar manner to 2 were added phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. On the eve of sowing mechanically mixed 2050 g of boric acid and 2100 g of ammonium molybdate with Irlit-1 at a dose of 0.8 t / ha, and the mixture was filled in the grain compartment and plated drill NWT-3.6 together with seeds. Seeds pretreated rizotorfina 200 g per hectare rate, boric acid and 50 g of ammonium molybdate by dissolving in the amount 2% volume of water (300 g) necessary to inoculate (14 kg / ha) of clover seeds.
Rationale RK parameters fertilizer - 10-15 days before sowing have a high efficiency so that the period from before the start of germination occurs mineralization nodule formation elements, particularly phosphorus and potassium. Reduced concentration of salts, their shape is not fixed in the soil absorption complex, proving to be most effective.
Justification settings irlits doses due to the fact that the number of micro, macro elements and their optimal doses into the soil (zinc, copper, iron, molybdenum) in combination with trace elements in the amended and Mo provide incentives nitrogen-fixing ability.
Justification of the selected parameters and the results of research are given in the table.
From the data tables (p. 3) shows that the most effective period of application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is 10-15 days before planting. Such a method in comparison with the prototype allows increasing the active symbiotic potential (TSA) - by 3.2%, the overall symbiotic potential (CAP) - by 14.1% and yield of 13.9%. The table shows that the proposed method of introduction of the mixture in, Mo and irlit-1 and irlit-7 gives an increase in comparison with the control of 24.7 t / ha, but with the option - RK making for 10-15 days before planting without irlits - 11.5 c / ha.
Thus, the proposed method, in contrast to the prototype allows you to increase the amount of nitrogen accumulated due to the vigorous activity of nodule bacteria, reduce costs due to the simultaneous introduction of micro fertilizers, increase the efficiency of the process.
In this way, increased soil fertility and the value of legumes as a precursor.
CLAIM
Method fertilizing the cultivation of legumes, including sealing of mineral macro and microelements, followed by sowing and inoculation of seeds, characterized in that the phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied for 10 - 15 days before sowing legumes which were plated together with optimal doses of micronutrients and bacterial adding fertilizer tseolitosoderzhaschih clay - irlits in an amount of 0.8 - 1 m / ha.
print version
Publication date 11.03.2007gg
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