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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2290783

METHOD OF REDUCING DEFICIENCY ON PRINCESS VINEYERS

The name of the inventor: Khisamutdinov Albert Faatovich (RU); Svetokhanova Svetokhina
The name of the patent holder: State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Wine-making them. ME AND. Potapenko
Address for correspondence: 346421, Rostov Region, Novocherkassk, Baklanovsky Ave., 166, GNU VNIIViV, Director
Date of commencement of the patent: 2004.01.05

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to viticulture. The method includes growing vines in the basement, its garter to the wire of the trellis and laying in the trench. At the base of the bushes, the vine is grown and tied at an angle of 30 ° in the direction of future bushes. Then graft by the method of budding into the butt, splice the grafted components. In this case, the grafting of the shoot is carried out by two eyes in the same year at a distance equal to the length of the layering to be laid. The invention makes it possible to accelerate the restoration of bushes during the eradication of limestone in grafted vineyards, and to improve the efficiency of methods for reconstructing plantations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(EN) The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for diminishing the granularity on grafted vineyards.

There is a known method for reducing the granulation on grafted vineyards, consisting of replanting grafted on the seedlings of the same variety (1. Negrul AM Viticulture with the basics of ampelography and breeding, 1959.-P.233, and 2. Smirnov, KV, Kalmykova TI, Morozova GS - 1987. - P.298-304).

There are significant drawbacks to this method.

1. Applies only to young vineyards up to three years old. In older plantations, the use of this method is difficult due to the inhibition of young plants by adult shrubs.

2. For replanting, it is necessary to have a reserve fund of grafted seedlings of the same variety, which is difficult if originally the seedlings were purchased on the side, or the variety is not widely distributed.

3. Entry into fruiting only for 4-5 years after planting.

There is also a known method for reducing the granularity on grafted vineyards, including growing vines in the basement, its garter to the trellis wire and laying in a trench. In this method, the separated lignified vine of the same variety is not separated from the mother's bush (1. Smirnov KV, Kalmykova TI, Morozova GS - 1987. - P. 301. and 2. Viticulture with the fundamentals of winemaking. - Rostov-on-Don. - 2003. - P. 317) - a prototype.

In this method, on a mother plant, a well-developed vine is grown at the base of the bush; Above the site of vaccination. In the autumn, it fits in a specially dug along the row of trenches and is removed to the site of a neighboring plantation site, thus obtaining a new bush of the same variety. This selection is not separated from the mother's bush, because when it is separated, the root system of the newly created plant will be affected by the phylloxera.

The shortcomings of the method include:

1. It is not possible to use this method in the absence of a part of the plant's plants.

2. In the case of laying the leads on both sides, the root system of the maternal bush works directly on three plants, since the native roots of the broods develop poorly due to lack of stimulation and defeat by the phylloxera.

3. With the death of the prefabricated part of the mother plant, the bushes are also lost, as they are dependent on the main, forming a chain of attacks, consisting of 2-3 seats.

4. The use of this method is difficult when growing on a site of varieties with a weak growth force.

The aim of the invention is to accelerate the restoration of shrubs when eroding the grafted vineyards and improve the efficiency of methods for reconstructing plantations.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of reducing the granulation on grafted vineyards, including the growing in the base of the vine bushes, its garter to the wire trellis and laying in the trench, at the base of the bushes the vine is grown, tied at an angle of 30 ° in the direction of future bushes, Grafted by the method of budding into the butt, spliced ​​grafted components, while grafting of the shoot is carried out by two eyes in the same year at a distance equal to the length of the laying layer.

New in the proposed method is that the thinning on grafted vineyards is eliminated within 1-2 years.

Essential is that the grafting with two eyes by the method of budding into the butt is carried out in the same year at a distance equal to the length of the line formed obliquely at an angle of 30 ° towards the neighboring seats.

The implementation of the claimed method is explained in the drawings.

In Fig. 1 - part A (summer of the 1st year) a fruiting, vegetative shrub (1) with a layer (2) is shown, on which two incisions (3) are made.

In Figure 1 - part B (autumn 1 year) shows the vegetative growth of the bush (4) with the excavated layer (5) and the grafted eyes (6), which were covered for the winter.

Fig. 2 (summer of the 2nd year) shows the restoration of the bush of the bush (7) and the vines (8) in the opposite direction with the developing grafted eyes (9) and the root systems (10).

THE METHOD IS PROVIDED AS FOLLOWS:

In spring, in the period of growth and development of shoots, an inventory of the site is carried out. Determine the number of empty seats and the number of bushes that dropped the graft. Then they begin to grow the sprouts that developed at the base of the bushes. Their number is determined as follows.

1. If a single planting site is empty next to the fruiting bush, one sprout is left, and if adjacent bushes in the row are absent from both sides, then two shoots are left.

2. If the plant does not have a prefabricated part, then 2 or 3 sprouts are left, one of which is tied up vertically and used to restore the aerial part of the bush by the method of budding into the butt, and the remaining ones are used to form the necessary number of leads.

The spruce shoots, formed for the sprouts, are tied obliquely. The angle of inclination should be 30 °. This does not interfere with the processing of soil between the bushes and further facilitates the more convenient laying of the vines in special trenches. Care of the spruce shoots is to remove the stepsons to the place of grafting, garter and autumn minting, which contributes to the good growth, development and maturation of the vine. When the shoots reach the appropriate length, they are inoculated with the method of budding into the butt with two eyes without waking up at neighboring sites according to the generally accepted technology. The location of the oculization is determined as follows. To the distance between the bushes in the row add the depth of laying the vine and the height of its rise to the surface (about 80-100 cm), i.e. At a distance of 1.5 m between the bushes the length of the layer from the base to the site of vaccination will be 2.3-2.5 m. The approximate time of inoculation on the layers is 2-3 days of July.

The spy shoot used to restore the graft part of the bush is planted as soon as it reaches the appropriate development at the site of the future grafting, usually closer to the base of the shoot. Two eyes are also grafted into the butt with an awakening or without awakening. Two-eyed eyepieces facilitate guaranteed survival of the vaccines.

In the autumn, the surviving vaccinations are counted and, in accordance with this, the number of trenches necessary for laying the lines is determined. The trench is digested at a depth of 50-60 cm, the bottom is loosened and 4-5 kg ​​of humus and 100-150 g of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added, which contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for good growth and development of the roots. Layers are freed from the trellis, blinded to them by glaucous eyes and laid on the bottom of the trench, and the top with oculars is removed at the site of the dead bush, with the condition that the place of grafting is not below the surface of the soil. Then the trenches are covered with earth and compacted, and the grafts are covered with a layer of soil. In this state, the plants hibernate.

In the spring of next year, the awakened vaccinations grow vigorously and develop, which makes it possible to quickly form the overground skeletons of bushes. The next fall, the layers can be separated from the mother plant.

Tests showed that the use of the proposed method allows dramatically reducing the grafted plantations and for 1-2 years to restore the structure of the dead bushes. This method is recommended to be used in the reconstruction of grafted covering and non-covered plantations. The results are shown in the table.

Indicators of survival of ocularization, growth of vaccinations

CLAIM

Method for reducing the granulation on grafted vineyards, including growing in the base of the bushes of the vine, its garter to the wire trellis and laying in the trench, characterized by the fact that at the base of the bushes a vine is grown, tied at an angle of 30 ° in the direction of future bushes, In the butt, the grafted components are spliced, while the grafting of the shoot is carried out by two eyes in the same year at a distance equal to the length of the laid-off layer.

print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg

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