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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2141753
METHOD OF GROWING oyster mushrooms
Name of the inventor: Alexander E. Ufimtsev
The name of the patentee: Alexander E. Ufimtsev
Address for correspondence: 614039, Perm, ul.P.Osipenko, 51-a, kv.71, Ufimtseva AE
Starting date of the patent: 1999.04.26
The invention relates to agriculture and biotechnology, namely the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and can be used in the cultivation of edible higher Basidiomycetes, in particular oyster. Mushroom cultivation method involves the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic waste agricultural and forest products, the introduction of fungal mycelium and formation of blocks. On each side of fungal blocks make slits and produce mushroom cultivation at a humidity of 50 - 70% 0.3 - 0.7 times the working air changes per hour, air velocity, was 0.03 - 0.12 m / s, no watering. From waste timber waste recycling used species of conifers. The slits on the sides of the mushroom units carry a length of 5 - 10 cm. The method reduces the development cycle of mushrooms in 2 - 2.5 times and increase the number of revolutions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and biotechnology, namely the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, and can be used in the cultivation of edible higher Basidiomycetes.
Known become quite the traditional way of growing oyster mushrooms, for which agricultural residues and sawmill residues containing lignin and cellulose, humidified to 75%, the resulting mixture is heated and maintained at a temperature of 55 o -60 o C for 10-12 hours or plus 110 o -112 o C for 2-3 hours. Planting mycelium produced during cooling of the substrate to a temperature of + 25 o -28 o C. Mycelium introduced in an amount of 5-7% by weight of the substrate uniformly mixing with the organic substrate and filling the mixture plastic bags or other containers are then perforated for ventilation. Over the next 20-30 days, growth of mycelium occurs in the organic substrate. After proliferation organic substrate mycelium turns into a homogeneous block, which is transferred to a fruiting nursery room where the temperature is maintained at plus 12 o -15 o C. Humidity in rearing premises maintained at not less than 95%, the units not watered less 4-5 times per day. Create a lighting level of 70-100 lux for 10-12 hours and arrange ventilation of the room with a 10-fold air exchange per hour to remove the carbon dioxide formed. The first wave of mushrooms formed by 25-37 days after inoculation, the second wave - in 62-86 days [L.V.Garibova, "mushrooms in his garden." M., Institute of Technological Research 1993, p. 88-92].
The closest analogue of the invention is the technology of preparation of the organic substrate and microclimate for growing oyster mushrooms, in which waste from agriculture and forestry is treated in boiling water, after cooling them mixed with mycelium (5-7% by weight of the moist substrate) and stuffed with plastic bags or polyethylene column, whose surface is perforated for ventilation nails.
The colonization of the substrate mycelium occur within 21 days at a temperature of 24 o C, fruiting, the air temperature begins 28-33 days after inoculation with the reduced to plus 10 o -21 o C, the humidity in the room is maintained at 85-90% , air exchange is 4-8 volumes per hour.
The entire life cycle takes 45-55 days [P.Stamets. "Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms". 1993, p. 313-320].
The disadvantage of the known technology of growing mushrooms is a long development cycle of fungi, the need for high temperatures during heat treatment of an organic substrate, the uncontrolled growth of mushrooms (primordia appear because of numerous holes), the need to maintain high humidity for growing mushrooms in combination with intensive ventilation of the room ( two mutually exclusive factors).
The technical result achieved when exercising this invention is to simplify the process of cultivating mushrooms, which is achieved by using a lower temperature and reduce the processing time of the organic substrate, even such a "hard" substrate as waste conifers.
Reducing the humidity and lack of irrigation improves the sanitary conditions of production and provides synchronization of fungal fruiting units.
Said technical result is achieved by a method for cultivation of mushrooms, which includes the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic waste agricultural and forest products, the introduction of mycelium and formation of fungus blocks on the sides of mushroom blocks make cuts, and mushroom cultivation is performed at a relative humidity of 50 to 70% from 0.3 to 0.7 times the working air changes per hour, air velocity of from 0.03 to 0.12 m / s, the lack of watering.
The composition of the waste timber can be included waste processing coniferous trees.
The slits on the sides of fungal blocks operate in length from 5 to 7 cm.
The inventive method is carried out as follows:
In any dry lignocellulosic waste from agriculture and forestry, including conifers waste injected mineral- organic fertilizer "Bioactivator" (TU 2189-004-24110584-98), the mixture was stirred. The mixture is then transferred to a heat resistant woven bag, which is immersed in water having a temperature of plus 65 o -69 o C. The exposure time - 2.0-2.5 hours.
During the heat treatment and under the influence of "bioaktivatory" occurs swelling and partial hydrolysis tselllyulozy. Resins and essential substances contained in the wood of coniferous trees, are transferred into an insoluble state and inhibited. After heat treatment, the bags are removed and allowed 10-12 hours for the water to drain, and substrate cool to plus 28 o -30 o C.
The organic mixture is cooled introduce 2.0-2.5% by weight of mycelium, the mixture was stirred and packed polyethylene bags, mushroom forming units.
On opposite sides of the mushroom block make the slit 5-10 cm in length and the blocks set in the thermostat when the room air temperature plus 18 o -20 o C for the growth of mycelium.
During incubation the mycelium as aerobic microorganism that is committed to the aeration zone to the slits, whereby the slits are formed around the "domains" of higher concentration and a large number of hyphae buckles formed between adjacent hyphae. In the slots, there are significant variations in temperature, humidity, aeration and illumination to the central portion of the mushroom block.
The action of a complex of these factors leads to a drastic reduction in terms of mycelial maturation and the onset of a period of fruiting. Fruiting fungus blocks occurs within 11-14 days after inoculation.
Fungal endure blocks and placed in the nursery room, equipped with a ventilation system that provides 0.3-0.7 of air per hour at a speed of air movement at all points of space at the level of 0.03 to 0.12 m / s. The back ventilation system ensures constant microclimate parameters of the room. The air temperature is maintained at + 10 o -20 o C, humidity of the air - at the level of 50 to 70%. Watering is not performed. Persistence parameters microclimate ensures synchronization of fruiting, with the result that the development cycle is reduced to 28-30 days with a yield in the first wave of fruiting - 10-12% by weight of the mushroom blocks.
The proposed solution creates conditions managed the growth of fungi and mushrooms reduces the development cycle by 2-2.5 times, raising the number of turns.
The proposed technology has passed laboratory tests for growing mushrooms in the JSC "Regional Center" Bionica "(Perm).
CLAIM
1. A method for cultivation of mushrooms, comprising the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic wastes of agricultural and forest products, making mushroom mycelium and formation of blocks, wherein the sides of blocks do fungal slot and mushroom cultivation is performed at a humidity of 50 - 70%, 0.3 - 0.7-fold air exchange in working hours, air velocity, was 0.03 - 0.12 m / s, the lack of watering.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste timber into the waste processing include species of conifers.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slits on the sides of the blocks operate fungal length of 5 - 10 cm.
print version
Publication date 11.03.2007gg
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