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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2284099

METHOD OF GROWING MUSHROOM VESHENKA

The name of the inventor: Kudrya Alexey Mikhailovich (RU); Strelnikov Viktor Vladimirovich
Name of patent holder: Federal State Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education Kuban State Agrarian University
Address for correspondence: 350044, Krasnodar, ul. Kalinin, 13, KGAU, PIO
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.02.07

The invention relates to agricultural biotechnology, in particular to the technology of growing oyster mushroom. The method includes the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic agricultural and forestry waste, seeding the mycelium in a substrate into perforated bags with slits. After seeding the mycelium in the substrate, a second package with microperforations 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter at a distance of 10-15 cm for the incubation period is put on the perforated package and the second package is removed with the appearance of the first buds of the fruit bodies. The decrease in the material consumption, the improvement of the conditions during the incubation period, and the increase in the yield of the fruit bodies mass are provided.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural biotechnology, in particular to the cultivation of oyster mushroom.

In recent years, growing fungi is growing. This is due to the fact that cultivation of fungi is the only commercially effective large-scale pathway for bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to food in the whole world. Artificial breeding of fungi is known for a long time, but a special interest in mushroom growing has been manifested in recent decades.

An extensive method of growing oyster mushrooms is known, which is the cultivation of fungi on wood. Oyster mushroom can grow on the trunks of many hardwoods. It is advisable to use freshly cut trees and it is very important that the wood is not contaminated by other species of fungi. In advance preparation (1-2 months before infection), wood is stacked in a darkened place and laid with branches or other suitable material. Humidity before infection should be 70-80%. Therefore, aged wood in stacks before infection should be soaked for 3-4 days. Saw the wood on the cuts on the day of inoculation or the day before. Diameter of bars - not less than 15 cm, height 25-35 cm.

There are two methods of infection of the cuts: intertort and ground. In case of intertortal infection, cuts are installed in cellars, cellars or similar premises with weak ventilation, relative humidity of 80-98% and air temperature of 10-20 ° C. Lighting is not required. Contamination of the stubs occurs as follows: a layer of mycelium 1-2 cm thick is poured onto the polyethylene film, a cut of the largest diameter is established, the edges of the film are tucked and tied with twine. The same layer of mycelium is poured on the upper cut and the widest of the remaining cuttings is set. The places of connection of the cuts are wound with a polyethylene film and tied. The cuts are set in columns 1.2-2.0 m high. After 2-3 months, the mycelium is already well developed, the cuts become white and intergrowth. This serves as a sign of the willingness of the cuttings to land in the ground. Each cut must have at least one surface captured by the mycelium. For fruiting, the cuttings are planted in the ground in August to a depth of 10-15 cm at a distance of 30-50 cm from each other. It is necessary to ensure watering. Mushrooms appear after 2-4 weeks.

The soil method is that the cuts are infected directly during planting them in the soil. To do this, dig a hole, 70-100 g of mycelium are placed on the bottom, depending on the diameter of the cut. Lower the cut into the hole and sprinkle with earth. This method is advisable to use on wet soils. In dry weather the plantation should be watered 2-3 times a week. Mushrooms appear after 2-3 months.

The disadvantage of this method is seasonality - mainly fruiting is observed in September-October and March-May. And although fruiting lasts 3-5 years, low yield (Mushroom Oyster mushroom., Technology of cultivation / Medvedev V.A. // Moscow .-- 1993, - p.40-43, - rus.)

Currently, more urgent is the intensive method of growing oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms are grown on the waste of wood processing industry and agriculture. A substrate is produced from the waste. There are a large number of substrate variants:

1. Semi-sterile technologies based on rigid heat treatment:

- xerothermic. Dry steam treatment at 100 ° C for 1-2 hours;

- Pasteurization of the wet substratum with steam at 100 ° C for 1-2 hours;

- cooking the substrate in water at 100 ° C for 1-2 hours.

2. Technologies with short moderate heat treatment:

- Pasteurization of a moist substratum in mass with steam at 60-80 ° C from 2 to 6 hours;

- Pasteurization of the substrate in polypropylene bags in water at 60-80 ° C from 2 to 6 hours.

3. Technologies with long soft heat treatment:

- treatment of wet substrate in polypropylene bags or metal drums in a chamber with recirculation of hot air (60-65 ° C for 16-24 hours);

- treatment of moistened substrate in polyethylene bags or metal drums in a chamber with recirculation of hot air (60-65 ° C for 16-24 hours);

- steam treatment of wetted substrate in bulk in feed compartments or rotating barrels-fermenters (60-65 ° C for 16-24 hours).

4. Technologies with long fermentation in tunnels.

The inoculation is performed manually. The mycelium of Russian manufacturers is introduced in an amount of 3-7% of the mass of the substrate. Then the substrate is packed in polyethylene bags with a diameter of 22-30 cm and a height of 60-90 cm and a weight of 5 to 25 kg, but more often 12-15 kg, mainly by hand. Perforation of bags is done before and after packing in the form of slits, a cross or a round one. The perforation area is 1-4% of the total area of ​​the film. Substrate blocks are placed in specialized premises or cellars with shelves (Overview of oyster mushroom production in Russia / Tishenkov AD // mushroom school .- 2003. - №5, - p.15-18, - rus.) During the period Incubations maintain a certain humidity of air (65-75% at the beginning and 90-95% at the end of incubation). Fresh air is served in small quantities. The air temperature is maintained at about 22 ° C, while the temperature of the substrate during the heating peak is 33-34 ° C in the center of the bag. (Growing oyster mushrooms in the Pushcha-Voditsa agro-combine / Tischenkov AD // mushroom school. - 2003. - №6, - с.7-11).

The optimal temperature for growth of oyster mushroom is 24 ° С. Humidity of air in the incubation room is in the range of 75-90%. Light for the period of development of the substrate by the mycelium of oyster mushrooms is not needed, on the contrary - bright illumination can inhibit the growth of the mycelium. At the same time, ventilation is usually not carried out. Some excess carbon dioxide contributes to the growth of the mycelium (Medicinal mushrooms / AI Morozov - M .: OOO "Publishing house ACT", Donetsk: "Stalker", 2003, - p.133, [1] 207 p .: ill - (Homestead farming).

When cultivated by intensive technology, oyster mushroom grows well on cheap woodworking and agricultural wastes all the year round and has a high degree of return.

The method closest to the claimed method is a method of growing a mushroom oyster mushroom, including the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic waste from agriculture and timber processing, application of mycelium and the formation of fungal blocks. The method is that on the mushroom blocks on the sides make slits of 5-10 cm in length, and the cultivation of mushrooms is performed at an air humidity of 50-70%, a 0.3-0.7-fold circulating air exchange per hour, an air velocity of 0 , 03-0,12 m / s, in the absence of irrigation. The waste of timber processing includes waste from the processing of coniferous trees (RF patent 2141753, IPC ⁶ A 01 G 1/04 / Ufimtsev AE - No. 99108082/13, published on 27.11.1999, bulletin No. 33).

However, the known methods have drawbacks in that it is necessary to maintain a microclimate in the room, including humidity, temperature and air exchange, which is a material and laborious process.

The technical solution of the problem is to reduce the material consumption, improve the conditions during the incubation period, and increase the yield of the mass of the fruit bodies.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing the oyster mushroom after seeding with a substrate on a perforated bag, a second package with microperforations 0.1-0.3 cm in diameter at a distance of 10-15 cm is put on the incubation period and when the first rudiments of the fruit bodies appear, they remove.

The novelty of the claimed invention is due to the fact that the presence of a second package allows, at a standard temperature of 22-24 ° C, to maintain the necessary moisture between the packages. Due to this, the substrate does not dry out at perforation sites and does not lose the moisture necessary for fruit formation. At the same time there is no need for additional material costs to maintain the humidity in the room during the incubation period.

The increased content of CO ₂ during fouling creates more favorable conditions for the development of the mycelium. The second package concentrates the content of CO ₂ , while microperforations allow you to breathe and get rid of its surplus, which are removed from the room by natural ventilation or low air exchange rate of 0.03-0.05 m / s. This contributes to the accelerated fouling of blocks and, as a consequence, to shorten the term of forcing fruit bodies.

This suggests that there is no need to use expensive equipment to maintain the microclimate.

The increase in the yield of the mass of fruit bodies is achieved by reducing the loss of substrate moisture. The initial moisture content of the substrate is 75% and in the process of development the loss of moisture is 3-5%. Since the bulk of the structure of the fungus is water, the yield in% of the raw mass of the substrate is higher than the control.

The second packet is removed at the end of the incubation period with the appearance of the first rudiments of the fruit bodies. The second package with microperforations after heat treatment can be reused.

In addition, it should be noted that the technology of obtaining oyster mushroom is a cheap and effective process, and raw materials (organic waste from agriculture and wood processing) are generally available. Simultaneously with obtaining a useful high-protein product - fungi, the problem of protecting the environment is solved, which is important in agrarian regions with developed agriculture, which corresponds to the criterion of "industrial application".

An example of a particular embodiment of a method for growing oyster mushroom.

The experiment was carried out in the mushroom farm "Anastasia" of the Krasnodar Territory, Belorechensky district, Rodniki village, Aerodromnaya St., 4. The seeding was carried out on a substrate of sunflower husk. A total of 300 bags were sown in five replicates, during the incubation period the control group was in a specially equipped room where the required humidity, temperature and air exchange conditions were maintained. The experimental group was in a room where only the necessary temperature for the incubation period and natural air exchange were maintained.

The results obtained after the end of the experiments are reflected in the table of main indicators.

It becomes obvious that the method of growing the oyster mushroom using the second bag allows both to increase the weight of the oyster mushroom outlet due to early maturity, the preservation of the bag after fouling mass and a smaller percentage of rejects, and significantly reduces the material consumption and energy intensity of production.

CLAIM

A method for growing a mushroom oyster mushroom, including the preparation and heat treatment of lignocellulosic agricultural and forestry waste, seeding the mycelium in a substrate into perforated bags with slots, characterized in that after seeding the mycelium into the substrate, a second package with microperforations 0.1-0-0 in diameter, 3 cm at a distance of 10-15 cm at the time of the incubation period and when the first buds of fruit bodies appear, a second package is removed.

print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg

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