| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2140730
NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR GROWING MUSHROOM MUSHROOM ORDINARY
(PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)
The name of the inventor: Ufimtsev Alexander Evgenievich
The name of the patent holder: Ufimtsev Alexander Evgenievich
Address for correspondence: 614039, Perm, ul.P.Osypenko, d.51a, ap. 71, Ufimtsev A.E.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.12.29
The invention relates to agriculture and biotechnology and concerns the composition of a nutrient medium for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). The medium contains waste from coniferous trees (sawdust, shavings and bark) and a bioorganic additive consisting of calcium hydroxide and starch in an equal proportion of 1.0 - 1.5%. The nutrient medium makes it possible to increase the yield of fruiting bodies of fungi by 25 to 30% and to reduce the consumption of mycelium 2 to 3 times.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture and biotechnology, namely to the artificial cultivation of fungi, and can be used in the cultivation of edible basidiomycetes - Pleurotus ostreatus.
A method and tank for growing edible fungi, in particular oyster mushrooms, is known in which a nutritive substrate with a mycelium is placed in a bag of lightproof material, the package contains at least one opening for germination, the size of which can be changed and which has a translucent portion [German application N 3734509, A 01 G 1/04].
The disadvantage of this method is that a lightproof material is used, and to ensure the growth of fruiting bodies of fungi, a transparent permeable area is necessarily carried out in it.
A method for processing the bark of coniferous trees in feed is known, in which the crust is ground and treated with alkali in an amount of 4-6% to the crustal mass at a temperature of plus 95-100 ° C for 2-3 hours [LK]. Ernst, etc. Fodder products from forest waste. M., publishing house LP, 1982, p. 63].
Processing of the bark by the known method is practically not carried out, since the organization of such processing of the bark in the places of its accumulation is irrational, the costs are incommensurable with the benefits that can be obtained from the use of feed in connection with low nutritional value and application only in the form of an additive to the feed, in addition Additional transportation and work in the places of consumption are needed.
A nutrient medium for growing fungi is known, containing 60-70% of small chips, 15-30% of sawdust and 15-30% of wood flour from wood used for growing mycelium of fungi. Starch and water are added to this mixture as required [Japanese application No. 61-26332 B, A 01 G 1/04, 1980 - prototype].
For the preparation of a nutrient medium, only waste from hardwood is used, starch is used as an additional source of polysaccharides, with the enzymatic cleavage of which the most important products of energy metabolism are obtained.
When cultivating wild oyster mushrooms, it is effective to use chalk and gypsum in an amount of 1% to normalize the pH of the organic substrate and increase the moisture-retaining capacity of the substrate [L.V. Garibova. Mushrooms in their garden. M., Institute of Technological Research. - 1993, p. 89].
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the starch is premixed with calcium hydroxide in equal amounts, the mixture is introduced into the prepared mass in an amount of 1.0-1.5%, the whole mass is moistened to 50-60%, packed in bags of synthetic woven material , Hydrobarothermal treatment is carried out at 150-200 MPa for 80-90 minutes, cooled to plus 20 ° C-24 ° C, mycelium is introduced in an amount of 1.5-2.5% in perforated bags of a light-permeable material with a density of perforation of 5- 10 holes per 1 cm 2 , weighing 12-15 kg.
As raw material, sawdust and shavings of coniferous trees are taken.
As a raw material take crushed bark of coniferous trees.
As a raw material take a mixture of sawdust, shavings and bark of coniferous trees.
Calcium hydroxide is a strong base, in the process of hydrobarrothermal treatment at a pressure of 150-200 MPa, the ligno-cellulose complex decomposes, the components are released from tar and tannins, while the biological activity is increased by splitting starch into simple sugars, the pH of the organic substrate is normalized, swelling occurs Cellulose, which makes it more accessible to the enzyme systems of the fungus. The analysis showed that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "essential differences".
Starch is the main reserve carbohydrate of plants. The carbohydrate part of the starch consists of amylose and amylopectin. In the process of hydrobarothermal treatment in the presence of alkali, the dextrins (polysaccharides of a lower degree of polymerization) decompose to substrates for energy metabolism and biosynthetic processes. This makes it possible to increase the nutritional value of the substrate at the stage of preparation by enriching it with polysaccharides, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of mycelium introduced into the substrate while increasing the yield of biomass of fruiting bodies of fungi. The carried out analysis showed that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".
Example 1 . Sawdust and shavings of coniferous trees were mixed thoroughly with 0.5% of the mixture of calcium hydroxide and starch, the mixture was moistened to 60%, again thoroughly mixed, packed in bags of fabric material (polypropylene) and processed in a steam sterilizer (autoclave) At a pressure of 150 MPa for 80 minutes. After the treatment, it was cooled to plus 20 ° C.-24 ° C., oyster mushrooms (inoculated) were introduced into the cooled mass in an amount of 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0%, after which they were packed, carefully compacted, into polyethylene perforated bags measuring 35x70 cm and 5-10 perforations per 1 cm 2 . The weight of the resulting mushroom block is 12-15 kg.
After inoculation, the mushroom blocks were placed in a thermostatic room with an air temperature of plus 20 ° C.-22 ° C. and placed on shelves in 3-4 tiers. The load of the thermostatic room is 120-140 kg / m 2 . After one day, the growth of the mycelium was observed, after 5-8 days the mycelium completely covered the fungal block in the form of a thin, tender spider web. Maturation of the mycelium was completed 22-28 days after inoculation.
After maturing, the mushroom blocks were placed on 3-4 tiered shelves in the growing room, the polyethylene packaging was removed from the blocks. The load of the growing room is 70-85 kg / m 2 . The air temperature was maintained at plus 10 ° C-15 ° C, air humidity 85-95%, illumination 100-150 lux for 8-10 hours, the air exchange rate was 3-5 times air exchange per hour. The fungal blocks were irrigated with water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C 2-3 times a day.
Fruiting began 9-12 days after placing the mushroom blocks in the growing room with intervals between waves of 12-15 days.
The weight of the collected fruiting bodies of fungi for 3 fruiting waves averages 30-38% with optimally chosen parameters for adding organic additive and mycelium to the substrate.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 2 . The substrate was prepared according to Example 1 with the difference that the organic additive was introduced in an amount of 1.0% to the initial mass, the treatment was conducted in an autoclave at a pressure of 200 MPa for 85 minutes. Inoculation of the mycelium, thermostating and cultivation of fungi were carried out according to the technology given in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 3 . The substrate was prepared according to Example 1 with the difference that the organic additive was introduced in an amount of 1.5% to the initial mass, the treatment was carried out in an autoclave at a pressure of 150 MPa for 90 minutes. Inoculation of the mycelium, thermostating and cultivation of fungi were carried out according to the technology given in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 4 . The substrate was prepared according to Example 1 with the difference that the organic additive was introduced in an amount of 2.0% to the initial mass, the treatment was carried out in an autoclave at a pressure of 200 MPa for 90 minutes. Inoculation of the mycelium, thermostating and cultivation of fungi were carried out according to the technology given in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 5 . The bark of the coniferous trees was sorted out, large chunks were crushed to a size of 2-3 cm, mixed thoroughly with an organic additive from the mixture of calcium hydroxide and starch in an amount of 0.5%, moistened the mixture to 60%, again thoroughly mixed the mixture, packed in bags of woven material (Polypropylene), treated in an autoclave at a pressure of 150 MPa for 80 minutes, after cooling, the mycelium was inoculated (1.0); 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0%. Inoculation, thermostating and mushroom cultivation were performed and, as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 6 . The substrate from the bark was prepared as in Examples 5 and 2. Inoculation, thermostating and growing of fungi were carried out as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 7 . The substrate from the bark was prepared as in Examples 5 and 3. Inoculation, thermostating and growing of fungi were carried out as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 8 . The substrate from the bark was prepared as in Example 5 and 4. Inoculation, thermostating and growing of fungi were carried out as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 9 . A mixture of sawdust, shavings and sorted, crushed to 2-3 cm of bark of coniferous trees was thoroughly mixed with an organic additive from a mixture of calcium hydroxide and starch in an amount of 0.5%, moistened the mixture to 60%, again thoroughly mixed the mixture, packed into bags Of woven material (polypropylene), treated in an autoclave at a pressure of 150 MPa for 80 minutes, after cooling, the mycelium was inoculated (1.0); 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0%. Inoculation, thermostating and mushroom cultivation were performed and, as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
Example 10 The substrate from the mixture of sawdust, shavings and bark of coniferous trees was prepared as in example 9 and 2. Inoculation, thermostating and growing of fungi were conducted as in example 1. The results are shown in the table.
Example 11 . The substrate from the mixture of sawdust, shavings and bark of coniferous trees was prepared as in example 9 and 3. Inoculation, thermostating and cultivation of fungi were conducted as in Example 1.
The result is shown in the table.
Example 12 A substrate of a mixture of sawdust, shavings and bark of coniferous trees was prepared as in Example 9 and 4. Inoculation, thermostating and growing of fungi were carried out as in Example 1.
The results are shown in the table.
The proposed nutrient medium for the cultivation of oyster mushroom ordinary has the following advantages:
It allows to use as a substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms oyster mussel, chips and bark of conifers, as well as their mixtures in various proportions.
The proposed nutrient substrate increases the yield of fungi to 35-38%.
The use of a bio-organic additive from starch, which is the main reserve carbohydrate of plants, consisting of polysaccharides and calcium hydroxide, which is a fast fertilizer, makes it possible to increase the yield of fruit bodies of fungi by 15-20%.
Use the residual substrate as a feed additive that increases the nutritional value of the feed, since the mycelium-sprouted waste has a high level of protein, a low content of fiber and lignin.
Allows the use of residual substrate as a fertilizer in a green house, because during the growth and development of mycelium, the organic substrate is enriched with nitrogen compounds. Obtained food and feed products are environmentally friendly, technology is non-waste.
The proposed nutrient medium was tested in the production of edible protein (fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms) at the Bizonika Regional Center (Perm), ZAO Zavod stenovykh materialov (Perm), ZAO Lesokombinat Krasny Oktyabr . Perm), JSC "Holdex" (Berezniki), JSC "Engineering Center" Siton "(Izhevsk).
 |
 |
CLAIM
A nutrient medium for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) containing sawmilling waste, starch and water, characterized in that it additionally contains calcium hydroxide in an amount equal to the amount of starch, and as sawmilling waste - sawdust, shavings and / or bark of conifers Trees.
print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg
Comments
When commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.