section Home Production, Amateur Radio amateur Model aircraft, rocket- Useful, entertaining	Stealth master Electronics Physics Technologies invention	space Mystery Earth Mysteries Secrets of the Ocean Stealth section Map
Use of material is permitted for reference (for websites - hyperlinks)

INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2292705

METHOD OF GROWING edible mushrooms
AND FORMATION substrate BLOCKS FOR THEIR GROWING

Name of the inventor: Ternovoy Konstantin G. (RU); Partin Dmitry (RU); Ksenia Alekseeva L. (RU); Stanislav S. Litvinov (RU); Nurmetov Rafik Dzhamovich
The name of the patentee: State Scientific Institution - All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Crops (GNU VNIIO)
Address for correspondence: 140153, Moscow region, Ramenskoye district, etc. Vereya, 500, VNIIO, the patent office..
Starting date of the patent: 2005.07.08

edible mushroom cultivation method comprises preparing and sterilizing the substrate, making the substrate in the formation of the fungal mycelium and blocks wrapped in plastic with slots. Fungal blocks form two chambers: one - for the formation of the inner cavity and the other - to fill the substrate. The slots formed on the outer surface of the blocks and have a mushroom -shaped while before making the substrate mycelium is treated with growth stimulating drug - ether of arachidonic acid at the rate of 10 ^{-5 to} 10 ^-3 ml / kg body weight of the mycelium. The slits on the outer surface of fungal blocks operate on a vertical length of 25-35 mm and 20-30 mm horizontally. In the method of forming the substrate unit is formed from a block mushroom plastic film by placing a sleeve in a sleeve of removable mold halves element. Next, trimming is performed by welding the sleeve and the thickness in the longitudinal direction of the film edges, cutting and welding transversely of its other half. The film is turned inside through the free edge of the stocking in the first half of the sleeve to form between the films of both halves of the chamber sleeve. The latter is filled with a substrate, then forming element removable from the first half is removed to form a sleeve in the inner cavity of the latter. The open portion of the chamber to close the free edges of the substrate film of the second half to the first half of the plastic sleeve. Interchangeable forming element perform various geometric shapes, such as cylindrical, with the formation of mushroom block internal cavity diameter of 6-10 cm Such technology of cultivation of edible mushrooms and formation for them substrate blocks can reduce costs on the substrate components and seed -. The mycelium, but also reduce the susceptibility of the substrate and reduce the cycle of growing mushrooms.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the cultivation of edible fungi, in particular can be used for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms and for forming substrate blocks it.

There is a method of growing edible fungi and the formation of substrate blocks in their growing (see RF patent No. 2,158,074, A 01 G 1/04;. 27.10.2000, the Bulletin №30.).

In the known method for the components of the substrate components for a specific type of fungi (such as mushrooms - straw, chicken manure, lignin and water) are crushed, mixed. Next, the substrate is maintained, periodically interrupted and disinfected by steam or electrical means, fill the chamber and the substrate mycelium. As required in the substrate contribute biostimulants and other growth stimulating agents. Chamber for forming the substrate unit operate as a mobile mesh container bottom which has wheels, and the side surface is formed of a grid of vertical and forming covered and removable flexible cover. In the center of the camera vertically mounted perforated tube, whose height exceeds the height of the camera, with the ability to feed through a tube cavity in the substrate unit of ionized air, water at watering and fertilizing liquid.

After the proliferation of mycelium in the mushroom block flexible cover is removed from the camera and the latest move in a cell of fruit and fruiting. A known method of growing and forming the substrate unit has disadvantages in that, for the cultivation substrate blocks and the formation requires besides film expensive materials in the form of metal bars forming the mesh and for making chamber and a large expenditure and substrate mycelium inoculum.

There is a method of cultivation of edible mushrooms, such as "Oyster" (see. Russian Patent 2,141,753, A 01 G 1/04, 27.11.99, the Bull. №33), taken as a prototype. The known method comprises preparing and sterilizing the substrate, making the substrate in the formation of mushroom mycelium and wrapped in plastic blocks with slots on the outer surface. The known method and has a high consumption of substrate and inoculum - mycelium. Possible overheating of the substrate blocks and draining during periods of incubation and fruit.

As a prototype - the formation of substrate blocks for the cultivation of edible mushrooms - taken closest technical solution of the patent 2101913, A 01 G 1/04, 20.01.98, the Bull. №2).

The known solution comprises a chamber made of polyethylene film to fill the substrate and forming element-capacity. After germination mycelium in the substrate block the free edge of the film on top of the camera is associated, and the capacity - forming element, to remove it from the camera, upset and used for further development of substrate blocks. The disadvantages of the prior art should include overheating of the substrate in the process of germination mycelium, the presence of removable tanks for the formation of mushroom blocks of various shapes, which affects the decrease in the yield of mushrooms and their rise in price at cultivation.

An object of the claimed invention is to provide optimal microclimate parameters for increasing the yield of mushrooms and reduce costs in their cultivation.

The technical result of the implementation of the invention concerning the method of mushroom cultivation and formation for them substrate blocks was the creation of two-chamber mushroom blocks from a plastic bubble.

Regarding mushroom cultivation method - this is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype, mushroom blocks formed from two cameras: one - for the formation of the internal cavity, and the other - to fill the substrate, the mycelium before being incorporated into the substrate is treated with growth stimulating drug "EL-1 "- arachidonic acid ester, and the slots on the outer surface of the blocks operate fungal -shaped; -shaped notches on the mushroom block perform long vertical 25-35 mm and 20-30 mm horizontally; mycelium is treated with medication, "EL-1", at the rate of 10 ^{-5 to} 10 ^-3 l / kg body weight of the mycelium. Performing mushroom unit with an internal cavity allows up to 30% lower consumption of substrate and inoculum - mycelium and substrate and to eliminate overheating during germination and mycelium plodonosheniigribov. Running on the outer surface of the mushroom unit slots -shaped during germination mycelium and fruiting fungi form a pyramid-shaped box with side rails of the film, and fruiting bodies of fungi, both aerobic organisms occupy all available space, and are covered with foil on the sides. As a result of a direct hit is eliminated pathogenic microorganisms and water droplets on a substrate during watering, reduced evaporation and desiccation of mushroom block.

Regarding the formation of substrate blocks - it is achieved in that the mushroom block formed from a plastic sleeve film by setting one of the sleeve halves exchangeable mass element, cutting and welding the thickness of its longitudinal edges of the film and cutting and welding transversely the other half sleeve, through the free edges of which the film is inside out and is put on the first half-sleeves to form between the films of both halves of the chamber sleeve, after which the latter is filled with a sealing substrate, a removable forming element is removed from the first half of a sleeve to form a final interior cavity, and an open portion of the chamber with the substrate close the free edges of the film of the second half to the first - a plastic sleeve; interchangeable forming element perform various geometric shapes, such as cylindrical form with mushroom block internal cavity diameter of 6-10 cm. of substrate block formation of a sleeve film to simplify and ensure (without waiting for the growth of mycelium in the block) a continuous process of manufacturing a formative element of mushroom blocks . Execution of a removable mold member of various geometric shapes enables one to form a film sleeve mushroom blocks of various shapes.

The claimed invention meets the requirement of unity, as a method for growing edible fungi and the formation of substrate blocks to meet their growing single inventive concept and are aimed at solving the same problem.

Conducted by the applicant analysis of the prior art, including a search of patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources containing information about analogues of the claimed method of cultivation of edible mushrooms and formation for their cultivation substrate blocks, revealed that the applicant did not find analogues for ways to grow mushrooms and for them to form blocks with features of the claimed method characterized by growing fungi and for their formation substrate blocks. Thus, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty". To check compliance with each object of the claimed invention, the criterion of "inventive step", the applicant spent an additional search for known solutions in patent and scientific and technical information sources.

Search results showed that the method of formation of mushroom cultivation substrate blocks and the claimed invention, collectively characterizing features are not covered by the known technical solutions and to derive explicitly a specialist prior art.

Figure 1 illustrates a substrate unit -prorezyami on the surface - the front view; Figure 2 shows the growth of mycelium and fruiting bodies of growth with the formation of pyramid-shaped windows; Figure 3 - forming the substrate unit of polyethylene sleeves - front view; 4 is a sectional view of the formed substrate unit.

Patented method of growing mushrooms is carried out in the following sequence. The substrate is prepared on the basis of flax fires with the addition of chopped straw, waste paper and bran. The ratio between the components, respectively is 10: 1: 0.5: 0.2. Then produce decontamination method hydrothermistry substrate, heating the substrate with water to a temperature of 100 ° C and maintained 45-60 minutes exposure. After the resulting mass is cooled to a temperature of the substrate 20-22 ° C and making it seed mycelia treated with growth stimulating drug "Al-1" - ester of arachidonic acid by immersion in a solution with a concentration of 10 ^{-5 to} 10 ^-3 ml / kg based mycelium 5% by weight of the substrate. Next, make the formation of the substrate block of plastic film sleeves, one half of which operate -shaped groove (1) and the other half forming element mounted interchangeable. Thickness exchangeable mass element (3) produce a cutting and welding in the longitudinal direction in one of the sleeves and the half cutting and welding transversely the other half sleeve. Then, through the free edge of the film is one half having a surface -prorezi, turn inside out and wear stocking the second half of the sleeve to form between the films of both halves of the chamber sleeve. The chamber is filled with a substrate, sealing it to the desired value. Mushroom form unit (4) with the interior diameter of 6.10 cm, in the case in our example, the cylindrical shape of the forming element. By using formative elements of various geometric shapes mushroom blocks create different shapes. After filling the substrate opening portion of its chamber short free edges of one half to the other half sleeve.

Fungal formed blocks placed in incubation room with temperature 20-22 ° C and 80-90% humidity. -shaped slot on the outer surface of fungal blocks operate on a vertical length of 25-35 mm and 20-30 mm horizontally. Slots with the specified parameters during sprouting of mycelium and fruiting bodies form appears on the outer surface of the mushroom blocks window pyramidal shape with side rails of the film. Fruit bodies of fungi, aerobic organisms like, all free space filled perforations and are covered with the sides edges of the film (Figure 2).

As a result of a direct hit is excluded pathogenic microflora and drops of water when watering the substrate, thereby reducing the likelihood of disease lesions of the substrate, but also reduces evaporation and desiccation of mushroom block.

Experimental Test results showed that the method for growing edible mushrooms and forming them substrate blocks according to the claimed invention compared with the known analogs (see Table performance of the claimed invention.) cut to 30% on the substrate cost and the seed - the mycelium, but also reduce susceptibility substrate by 25% and shorten the cycle of growing mushrooms for five days.

CLAIM

1. A method for cultivation of edible fungi, comprising: preparing a substrate and disinfection, incorporation into the substrate of mushroom mycelium and formation of blocks in a polyethylene bag with slits, characterized in that the mushroom blocks form two chambers: one for the formation of the inner cavity and the other - to fill the substrate and slots formed on the outer surface of the blocks and have a mushroom -shaped while before making the substrate mycelium is treated with growth stimulating drug - ether of arachidonic acid.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mycelium is treated with ether arachidonic acid at 10 ^{-5 to} 10 ^-3 ml / kg mycelium.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that -shaped slot on the outer surface of fungal blocks operate on a vertical length of 25-35 mm and 20-30 mm horizontally.

4. A method of forming a substrate block for growing edible mushrooms, from a camera comprising a polyethylene film and the substrate to fill the mushroom forming element unit, wherein the unit is formed of mushroom plastic film by placing a sleeve in a sleeve of removable mold halves element further cutting and welding is carried out thickness of its longitudinal edges of the film, cutting and welding transversely the other half sleeve, through the free edge of which the film is turned inside the stocking on the first half sleeves to form between the films of both halves of the chamber sleeve, after which the latter is filled with a substrate, then interchangeable shaping element is removed from the first half to form a sleeve in the inner cavity of the latter, with the chamber open short free edges of the substrate film of the second half to the first half of the plastic sleeve.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the shaping element replacement perform various geometric shapes, such as cylindrical, to form a mushroom block internal cavity diameter of 6.10 cm.

print version
Publication date 11.03.2007gg

NEW ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS
	The technology of manufacture of universal joints for besvarochnogo, threadless, besflyantsevogo connection pipe segments in high-pressure pipelines (a video)
	Oil and petroleum products purification technology
	On the possibility of moving mechanical system due to internal forces
	Glow liquid in a thin dielectric kanaloh
	The relationship between quantum and classical mechanics
	Millimeter waves in medicine. A New Look. IIM therapy
	Magnetic engine
	The heat source on the basis of units nososnyh