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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2101913
METHOD FOR GROWING HIGH MUSHROOMS
The name of the inventor: Oleg Kuznetsov; Smirnov S.G.
The name of the patent holder: Ivanovo State Medical Academy; Kuznetsov Oleg Yuvenalievich; Smirnov Stanislav Grigorievich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1995.04.19
Use: in agriculture, in particular in mushrooming. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The method consists in preparing a substrate, compacting it, and introducing it into a molding container. In this case, the shaping container is further lined inside with a flexible gasket that is closed in the open part of the container and placed in the dressing room so that the closed part of the gasket is at the bottom, after which the shaping container is removed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to methods for growing edible fungi.
A method for growing oyster mushrooms according to intensive technology is known (Aut.Sv.N 1754008, published in BI N 30, 1992), where cylindrical containers made of 6-8 mm wire are filled with a pasteurized or sterilized substrate after cooling. About 30 kg of substrate are placed in containers with a diameter of about 30 cm and a height of 100 cm. The containers are covered with a perforated polyethylene sheath. The growth of the mycelium in the substrate at 21-22 o in the room lasts about 20 days. Then the polyethylene shells from the containers are removed and subsequently maintained by the necessary growth conditions for distilling fruit bodies of fungi (relative humidity of about 95% airing, the optimum luminous intensity is 700-800 lux / hour).
The disadvantage of this method is the duration of overgrowth of the substrate block by mycelium, the material costs of creating containers, a significant percentage of manual labor for the maintenance of the technological process.
A method for growing higher basidiomycetes is also known (Authors, No. 1692372, published in BI N43, 1991), in which a substrate mixed with a mycelium is introduced into a culture vessel. Sprout mycelium to form on the surface of the substrate mycelial colonies 5-10 mm in size and perforate the walls of the container in the center of the mycelial colonies.
Disadvantages of this method are a significant proportion of manual labor in the exact perforation of containers, possible damage in this case formed primordia, the use of a transparent material for cultivation of the substrate mycelium, which negatively affects the development of substrate mycelium.
As a prototype, a method for growing higher fungi has been selected (auth.sv.N 1779301, published in BI N 45, 1992), which involves preparing the substrate by sealing it in a perforated container by pulling down its walls, and then placing it in a drawing room Field of ventilation). The undoubted advantage of this method over the aforementioned analogs is the use of a single-zone approach for growing mushrooms, i. E. Sprouting of the substrate block and further forcing out the fruit bodies of the fungi is carried out in the same cultivation room, which reduces the capital costs of equipping the production facilities for growing mushrooms.
The disadvantages of this method are: the preservation of perforated capacity on the formed block of the substrate during the entire technological cycle of fungal forcing, that is, considerable material costs are required for the manufacture of containers; The possibility of the emergence of primordia from the substrate in places remote from the holes of the perforation of the container, which can significantly reduce the overall yield of fungi.
The proposed method for growing higher fungi is realized as follows: a pre-pasteurized or sterilized substrate is mixed with the mycelium and introduced into a rigid culture vessel lined with a flexible gasket that has waterproof and light-tight properties. This flexible gasket must be perforated, which protects from souring of the substrate mycelium. This allows to maintain optimal conditions for the development of substrate mycelium, providing the necessary humidity in the absence of illumination. The vertical dimension of the flexible gasket exceeds the vertical dimension of the used container in such a way that it is possible and convenient after the substrate is filled with the inner cavity of the container to close the open part of it with a flexible gasket lining its walls. The container is then poured into the dressing room and placed in a permanent place, turning it so that the closed part of the gasket is at the bottom, and the forming capacity is removed. The germination of the mycelium takes place inside a flexible enclosed space under conditions of high humidity and microaerophilic conditions, which is optimal for the development of the substrate mycelium. This has a favorable effect on the timing of overgrowth of the mycelium of the substrate block (see table). As can be seen from the table, there is an increase in yield by 10-13% and a decrease in contamination of the substrate blocks by extraneous microflora by 2-3% relative to the known method (aut.sv.N 1779301).
An example . After cooling the sterilized or pasteurized substrate to a temperature of 25-29 o, it is mixed with the cereal mycelium of higher fungi at a ratio of 3-5% of the total mass of the substrate and filled into a container that is pre-lined from the inside with a flexible gasket. Flexible gasket is taken in such a way that the open part of the gasket protrudes beyond the edges of the container by 20-25 cm. This part is filled after filling the container with a substrate, and the container is put in a permanent place in the outfitter, turning the container so that the closed part of the gasket is at the bottom. Capacity as a forming component of the structure is removed immediately after this operation. Flexible gasket should be moisture and lightproof, which allows to maintain optimal conditions for the development of substrate mycelium and provide the necessary humidity and lack of illumination, which stimulates the development of substrate mycelium. To prevent fermentation of the substrate, a gasket having water-resistant properties is perforated in at least one location. In addition, to achieve the same goal, it is possible, when compacting the substrate in the inner cavity of the container, bounded by a flexible gasket, to introduce the starter of protective thermophilic microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, which promote the growth of the mycelium. After overgrowing with the mycelium of the substrate block, the latter is released from the flexible lining and, thus, the aerobiosis of the substrate mycelium changes and the necessary conditions for fruiting are created.
Thus, the technical result consists in increasing the yield by 9-13% and reducing the contamination of the substrate blocks by 1-2%
CLAIM
A method for growing higher fungi, comprising preparing the substrate by compacting and introducing it into a molding container, introducing a fungus from the mycelial substrate and subsequently culturing to produce a fruit body harvest, characterized in that the shaping container is further lined inside with a flexible liner, after adding the substrate and Mycelium, the flexible liner is closed in the open part of the container and placed to produce a fruit crop in the dressing room so that the closed part of the gasket is at the bottom, after which the forming capacity is removed from the substrate.
print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg
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