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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2121785
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING OF MUSHROOMS
The name of the inventor: Obydenniy Ivan Petrovich; Ordinary Maxim Petrovich; Pyotr Trofimovich, ordinary
The name of the patent holder: Obydenniy Ivan Petrovich; Ordinary Maxim Petrovich; Pyotr Trofimovich, ordinary
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1993.09.22
The method and device can be used for growing food and fodder mushrooms. Growing mycelium in a monolithic vertical block by successively adding new portions of fresh substrate to it allows, as the mushroom picking ripens, to remove the finished product from below without any additional devices, which is ensured by performing a device for the substrate without a bottom, only with the side walls used in the shell Quality of sliding formwork.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to the field of agricultural plant growing and various technological processes, in particular to artificial mushroom cultivation, fodder production and rational utilization of wood waste from forestry and wood processing.
There are many kinds of fungi that have food and fodder value and many ways of their artificial cultivation on specially created nutrient substrates. Among these methods are highly productive, but very labor-intensive with large needs in special equipment and energy inputs.
For example, for a. from. USSR N 1242050, cl. A 01 G 1/04, when growing mushrooms, it is planned to place the substrate in boxes, sterilize it with dry steam, inoculate the grain mycelium, place the boxes in a room with a temperature of 24-26 ° C. After the appearance of the rudiments of fruit bodies, the temperature in the room either decreases to 12- 15 o C, or the boxes are transferred to another room with such a temperature. In this case, the blocks (the substrate fastened with the hyphae of the fungus) are removed from the boxes and stacked in stacks 80-100 cm high. A space of 90-100 cm wide is left between them for the convenience of care and harvesting.
Disadvantages of this method is that you need to have a lot of boxes, inoculate the substrate in each box, transfer the blocks to rooms with a different temperature and stack them in stacks.
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To eliminate the noted shortcomings, it is proposed to grow mushrooms in a monolithic vertical block (Figure 1). The upper half of the block is placed and formed in the shell 1, which has only vertical walls. The lower part 3 stands open on the floor or on a special base 4. The casing is fixed at a certain height, for example, on the intermediate floor 2. It is filled with a fresh substrate from above as the removed part of the block is lowered and the whole block is lowered. The distribution of the block support between the base and the module is optimized by changing the degree of adhesion of the unit to the module due to a change in the density of the fresh substrate and its wetting.
The full-scale block (Figure 1) should have the following qualitatively different growth zones:
1. Zone of growth of mycelium and formation of a briquette. All it is placed in the module.
2. Zone of vernalization and ripening of mycelium. During this and subsequent zones the briquette is open. For individual species or forms of fungi, which require a significant decrease in temperature for the passage of the stage of vernalization, at the beginning of this zone a cooling belt is placed, which provides the necessary local temperature reduction.
3. Fruiting zone, where a mature briquette begins to form fruit bodies and bear fruit. At the end of this zone, mushrooms are removed and the mycelium is disposed of.
The shell (Fig.2) has vertical walls 5. The inner surfaces of the walls are made safe in a hygienic manner and resistant to the destructive effects of fungi. At the upper end of the shell, a crossbar 6 is installed, to which sensors are attached to track the temperature inside the unit and the tube 7 for supplying air, oxygen and steam. In the cold, it is advisable to cover the moistened fresh substrate with a lid 8.
The height of the shell will be determined by the size of the daily portions of the substrate and the growth rate of the mycelium under the given growing conditions on this substrate. For example, when feeding new portions of the substrate with a layer of 5 cm, and the speed of forming the block in 4 weeks, the height of the shell should be 0.05 m · 28 = 1.4 m. But it is possible to lay portions of 10 cm every other day.
The overall height of the block in this case is determined by its ability to keep its own weight. The weight of the block is distributed between the shell and the base. In this case, up to 2/3 of the weight can be attributed to the module. The substrate, and then the block will be retained by adhesion to the walls of the shell. To do this, it is sufficient to adjust the density of the substrate and supply it with water.
At a significant height of the block to prevent its bending and falling inside it, put one or several rods ensuring its stability. If the technological tube 9 is used as the rod, ordinary, heated or cooled air is supplied through the holes in its upper part to optimize the growth of the mycelium. The lower end of the pipe is closed and terminates slightly above the cut off lower part of the block.
The proposed method and device provide the following advantages:
1. Decrease in energy intensity due to more rational use of a natural vertical temperature gradient and the area of the vegetation room itself, as well as the possibility of using the own heat release of the fungus in the shell.
2. Reduction of the material intensity due to the use of a fixed shell instead of a multitude of boxes.
3. Reducing the cost of growing by avoiding inoculation of each portion of the substrate.
4. The best opportunities for rapid technological correction of growing conditions due to monitoring the temperature regime inside the units.
CLAIM
1. A method for the industrial cultivation of fungi, including the preparation and inoculation of the substrate with mycelium, the creation of optimal conditions for the formation of briquette, vernalization, ripening and fruiting of the mycelium, characterized in that the growth of mycelium is carried out in a monolithic vertical block by successively adding new portions of fresh substrate to the block of growing mycelium One its end and the removal of the finished product from the other end.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inoculation of the substrate with the mycelium is performed only when the first portion of the substrate is placed in the shell.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial phase of stimulation of the growth of the mycelium and the formation of the briquette is carried out by means of a sliding shell, which imparts to the successively added portions of the substrate a round, rectangular or stellate shape.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertically arranged shell is fixed motionlessly, and the block is lowered under its own weight and pushed down after each removal of its lower part.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the basis of the substrate is crushed wood waste in pure form or with the addition of mineral nutrition, trace elements, organic crop residues, substances stimulating the growth and fruiting of the mycelium.
6. A device for the industrial cultivation of fungi, bounding the substrate and giving the block a certain shape, characterized in that it is made without a bottom, only with sidewalls - a shell, which is used as a sliding casing or spinneret, at one end of which a substrate is fed successively, Push it and from the other end get formed, densely intertwined with fungus hyphae briquette.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the shell is made of metal, concrete, plastic or plasticized wood.
8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that on the shell and directly inside it there are heating or cooling systems, the supply of steam, air or substances intended to optimize the growth of the mycelium.
print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg
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