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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2146084
METHOD OF GROWING MUSHROOMS
The name of the inventor: Nikolaev Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
The name of the patent holder: Nikolayev Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
Address for correspondence: 625048, Tyumen Region, Tyumen, Malygina St., 39, Nikolaev V.V.
Date of commencement of the patent: 1997.05.27
The invention relates to the industrial production of fungi. The method consists in pre-grinding cellulose-containing materials up to 1 cm, and then the components of the substrate are crushed to a size of 10 μm on a hydro-impact device. At the same time, they are homogenized and sterilized simultaneously (for oyster mushrooms). Then, modules with the amount of substrate sufficient for growing one fruit body are formed, the mycelium of the fungus is introduced and the modules are placed in a special room until the rudiments of fruit bodies with the "pin head" appear. Then the modules are transferred to the room for fruiting until the fetus ripens. With this method of growing champignons, simultaneously with the introduction of the mycelium, a cover mixture is poured. The method allows to increase the number of crop rotations per year by several times.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the industrial cultivation of fungi under controlled conditions.
A method for growing mushrooms, which is implemented by a device, includes the preparation of a nutrient substrate with the addition of a mycelium to it. Formation of a cylindrical module covered with artificial tissue with channels for growing fruit bodies (see PCT 94/16548, cl. A 01 G 1/04 (40) 94/08/04, No. 18). The disadvantage of the known method is the long duration of the fruiting phase in time due to the formation of a module designed to produce several kilograms of fungi. The closest to the invention is a method for growing mushrooms, including preparing a nutrient substrate using a variety of biological raw materials, adding a mycelium to it, forming modules, holding for germination of the mycelium and growing the fungi until the fruit body is obtained (see RF patent application No. 93015550, cl. A 01 G 1/04, BI No. 29, 1995). The disadvantage of this method is the long duration of the fruiting phase in time. When growing mushrooms by known methods, it takes a lot of time for the fruiting phase (about a month). This is due to the fact that large modules are usually formed, designed to receive several kilograms of fungi.
In the proposed method, due to the formation of modules designed to produce a single fruit body, the fruiting phase that takes place in a separate room is reduced to hours, which will allow several times to increase the number of crop rotations per year.
This result is achieved by the fact that the growing method, including the preparation of a nutrient substrate with cellulose-containing materials, introduction of a fungus into the substrate and the formation of modules, is carried out as follows. Preparing the nutrient substrate is carried out in two stages.
In the first stage, cellulose-containing materials (for example, straw) are ground up to one centimeter. Then, the ground materials are mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 1. For mixing and further processing of cellulose-containing materials, a hydrostatic action device based on a sand pump can be used. In the second stage, after mixing cellulose-containing materials (for champignons) with water in the agitator tank, the mixture is pumped through the apparatus in a cycle. The pumping of the mixture in the cavitation mode is performed before the transformation of the straw into a jelly-like mass. Crushing of cellulose-containing materials up to 10 μm occurs with the preservation of the form of straw. When the mixture is pumped, sterilization takes place in the device. When the apparatus is operated as a result of water hammering, water is heated to 100 ° C. For growing oyster mills, cellulose-containing materials prepared by the described method are used to form modules designed to produce a single fungal body after cooling and draining, then the modules are injected with mycelium of the fungus. Holding modules with mycelium until the appearance of the rudiment of the fruit body up to the size of the "pin head" is produced in a special room, after which the modules are transferred to the room for fruiting. For the cultivation of champignons simultaneously with the introduction of mycelium, a cover mixture is poured. Cellulose-containing materials are used to prepare the substrate according to a conventional procedure in the following ratio of components:
- Wheat straw, ground up to 10 microns - 22-25%
- Litter chicken, fresh - 15-25%
- Gypsum - 1-2%
- Water - Other
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After that, the compost is pasteurized and the modules designed for obtaining one fruit body of the fungus are formed, and simultaneously with the application of the mycelium to the module, a "cover" of peat (2-2.5 cm) or other materials used for these purposes is poured. And moisturize it to 70 - 75% moisture capacity, then the modules are maintained until the rudiment of the fruit body appears to the size of the "pinhead" and the modules are transported to the fruiting room for special devices. This device is explained by a drawing (see Figure 1) and represents a set of elements in the form of a chain transmission with two parallel axes 1 on which are fastened sprockets 2 connected by a chain 3. Moreover, chains 3 have pins 4 for nesting modules 5. From one End of the element, a limiter 6 is installed, adjusted to separate the fruit body of a certain size 7. FIG. 2 is a plan view. The transferred modules are placed on the pins and here they are several hours before the fruit bodies mature. When the chain is rotated, the limiter cuts the fungi of a certain size, and the module is replaced. This method of cultivation allows the module to be replaced promptly, which increases the number of crop rotations several times during the year.
CLAIM
1. A method for growing mushrooms, comprising the preparation of a substrate with a cellulose-containing material, the introduction of a fungus into the substrate, the formation of modules, the maintenance of modules for germination of the mycelium, and the cultivation of fungi until the fruit body is obtained, characterized in that the substrate is prepared in two steps, Cellulose-containing substrate is preliminarily ground up to 1 cm, and at the second, the substrate is ground to 10 μm, homogenized and sterilized, the modules are formed with the introduction of mycelium with a sufficient amount of substrate for growing one fungal body, the modules with mycelium are maintained until the rudiment of the fetus The size of the "pin head", the transfer of modules into the room for fruiting until the fruit body.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the cultivation of the mushrooms, simultaneously with the introduction of the mycelium, a cover mixture is introduced.
print version
Date of publication 11.03.2007gg
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