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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2240663

INDUSTRIAL WAY cropping USING LASER RADIATION

INDUSTRIAL WAY cropping USING LASER RADIATION

Name of the inventor: Zhurba PS (RU); Zhurba ETC. (RU); Zhurba EP
The name of the patentee: Limited Liability Company Scientific-Production Firm "Biolazer"
Address for correspondence: 350916, Krasnodar, st. Elizabethan Street. Kurgan, 136, NPF "Biolazer"
Starting date of the patent: 2003.03.11

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for pre-treatment of seeds and growing plants. The method includes the step of irradiating preplant seed in clamps in a silo with a laser beam while scanning in two mutually perpendicular planes. Were irradiated surface with a shoulder fixed on him laser system operating in automatic mode with irradiation regulations specified for a given culture. After the exposure process, the seeds are left on the binning for energy exchange between the irradiated and non-irradiated seeds in piles. After binning the seeds are sown in the field, and the culture is grown. In the phase of plant growth inherent in this culture, they are irradiated once at each of these phases in the night time laser beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, using the same laser system operating in automatic mode with irradiation regulations set for this crop, why laser system moved along the perimeter of the field with plants or technology tracks, providing irradiation plants. The method allows to increase the yield and reduce costs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of agricultural and industrial crop can be used for growing crops on vast areas of crops to increase their productivity.

It is known that laser irradiation of seeds and plants in the bioenergetic processes activates and stimulates their growth and development.

Known method of pre-treatment of seed crops by AS USSR №1305904, A 01 C 1/00, 1985, according to which the surface layer of the seeds, placed in a silo with a thin layer is irradiated with laser light wavelength 630-660 nm. After irradiation the seeds incubated 7-15 days in a dark room and seeded.

The disadvantage of the method - low efficacy in commercial growing crops, because Once the seeds are activated, so energy "feeding" produced seeds is not enough to activate the plant during the period of their vegetation, but also the need for more storage space for the placement of the seed is a thin layer before their exposure.

There is a method to stimulate plant growth by AS USSR №957452, A 01 G 7/04, 1980, including pulsed laser irradiation plants throughout their growing pulses with wavelengths of 750-3400 nm, 550-750 nm, 400-450 nm.

Lack of ways - its high cost, cumbersome, because radiation produced during the growing season: day and night, that the relatively difficult.

The closest to the claimed invention, the main essential characteristics of a known method of laser activation of seeds in piles, we have adopted for the prototype of the patent of the Russian Federation №2072758 for application №92003049, A 01 C 1/00, A 01 G 7/04, 1992 including pre-sowing activation of large quantities of seeds and bulk turners streams of light pulses generated by scanning a laser beam through the light-guide devices installed in the piles of seeds in a grain silo. The resulting seeds of the energy in the irradiated areas by a shoulder fibers transferred to the adjacent layers of seeds by contacting the irradiated seeds with non-irradiated. This requires a certain time interval between the end of treatment of seeds and planting them in the ground for the energy exchange of the entire mass of seeds in piles. After binning the seeds are sown in the field of culture and grown to produce a crop.

The disadvantage of this method is its great relative complexity due to the need to install optical fibers in different places and the shoulder, it does not provide sufficiently efficient laser irradiation aftereffect seeds per plant flow and subsequent stages of ontogenesis desired increase seed yield.

The problem to be solved by the claimed invention - increase crop yields and reduce costs in the industrial cultivation of crops over large areas of crops.

The purpose of the invention - ensuring energy supply plants in those periods of the growing season, when they need it most, and by using simple standardized tools.

The technical result is achieved in that in the known method of laser irradiation of seeds in piles, comprising the step preplant irradiation of seeds in piles under granaries streams of light pulses generated by a laser machine with a scanning laser beam operating in automatic mode specified for each crop irradiation regulations excerpt seeds for a predetermined period of time between treatment and inoculation end for energy exchange between the irradiated and non-irradiated seeds collar (binning) sowing and cultivation of plants according to the invention the operation preplant irradiation of seeds in clamps scanning laser beam is carried out by irradiating the shoulder surface using established above These laser system that provides a beam scanned simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, and in the growth of plants is carried out additional operation - their laser irradiation in their growing phase, using the same laser system, for which it was hung on the vehicle and go around them to the field with plants on the perimeter or on the tramline at night once in each of the phases, and the irradiation of seeds in clamps are for 4-6 days, binning of seeds - for 7-25 days, the movement of the laser system is carried out at a speed of 4-5 km / h, and the laser irradiation is carried out in the plant tillering, stem elongation, buttonhole, the flowering and ripening grain inherent culture.

Comparative analysis of the proposed technical solutions with the prototype allows us to conclude that it differs from the known method of the operation pre-activation of seeds in piles (by irradiation shoulder surface using a laser system installed on it), the type used for the execution of this operation element (laser system that provides scanning of the laser beam simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes), but also additional operations carried out with growing plants: operation of laser irradiation plants with a specific order and the mode of its execution and used for this element (this operation is carried out in phases of plant growth, once in every phase, at night, and use the same laser system that upon irradiation of seeds that scans a laser beam simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, and the vehicle on which hang the laser unit operating in automatic mode and they go round the field with plants around the perimeter or on the tramline, irradiating plant). Consequently, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion patentospobnosti novelty.

Investigating the level of technology in the process of conducting a patent search for all types of information generally available in the press, we have not found a technical solution to the claimed combination of essential features, and found the following: the prior art, according to which the irradiated laser light and seeds, and plants grown from these seeds (aS USSR №1827744, a 01 C 1/08, 1991 g. "a method for controlling rice diseases"), wherein prior to irradiation the seeds are soaked in water for 2.5-3 hours, and irradiated in a plant of phases of vegetation - in the exit phase of the tube when the manifestation of the disease can be seen, the plant is irradiated before the defeat of the symptoms and the primary detection of infection in order to improve the stability of rice disease.

Our research and pilot test revealed the possibility of increasing crop yields in their production grow and reduce costs at the same time through a combination of operations pre-laser activation of large quantities of seeds in a grain silo with the help of the laser system that provides a beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, and operations plant laser activation using a laser apparatus, i.e. installation, providing a beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes operating in automatic mode specified for each crop irradiation regulations attached to the vehicle, which go round the field with plants in their growing phase, once in each of the phases during the night on the perimeter or on the tramline. Consequently, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of patentability, inventive step.

The claimed technical solution complies with the criteria of patentability and, industrial applicability, as it can be used in agriculture in the commercial cultivation of crops (in the processing of large quantities of seeds and large areas with growing plants). And besides, in the description of the invention are means and methods by which it is possible implementation of the proposed technical solutions in the form as it is characterized in the independent claim.

The process is as follows: over the shoulder of seeds placed in the granary before planting, set the laser system, scans the laser beam simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, set the rules for the exposure of the culture and the automatic mode of its implementation and irradiating the surface of the seeds collar.

After the surface of the irradiation process, the seeds are left on the shoulder binning for power sharing between training and non-irradiated seeds. After binning the seeds are sown in the field of plant cultivation. The plant growth phase, the inherent culture, they are irradiated once in each of the phases by means of a laser system that upon irradiation of seeds in clamps, ie laser beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, at night, for which laser system hang on the vehicle, and they go round the field at the perimeter or on the tramline. The most optimal period of pre-sowing seed irradiation is a period of 4-6 days, binning period - the period of 7-25 days, the detour field with the speed of a vehicle running in automatic laser installation time on it - of 4-5 km / h, and for phase growing plants, which carry out their laser activation, taking the phase of tillering, booting, buttonhole, flowering and grain filling, which are inherent to the cultivated crop.

EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION METHOD

example 1

They took 150 tons of winter wheat seed Yun and placed them in the granary shoulder thickness of 1.5 m. Above the collar installed laser system DR-2 with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a power of 25 mW, so that the scanning beam irradiates the whole surface of the collar. This laser setup was set regulation control unit laser beam irradiation wheat seeds simultaneously scanning in two mutually perpendicular planes, for 5 days in a pulsed auto exposure mode.

After completion of irradiation the seeds left for binning, which lasted seven days. After binning seeds sown in the field. After receiving the seedling plants were subjected to laser activation phase of tillering, flowering and between these phases (10 days after the phase of tillering) using the same laser unit LU-2, rigged on a tractor, which moved along the roads around the perimeter of the field with plants, ensuring their irradiation by the laser beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes: options O 1 and O 5. The controls were the crops of non-irradiated seeds and plants (K).

Furthermore, irradiated crops obtained from unirradiated laser seeds, only one phase of their growing season: in tillering phase (variant O 3) in flowering stage (variant O 4), but also laid experience without irradiation plants grown from irradiated seeds (variant 2 O). We studied the yield and its structure in all of these options. The data are summarized in Table. 1.

example 2

Braley seed rice varieties "Lehman" (150 m) and performed with them and with plants grown in them, just as in Example 1. The data are summarized in Table. 2.

Analysis of the data table. 1 and 2 shows that the growing cultures of the present method in which carried out the laser irradiation of the seeds in clamps and plants in their vegetative phase (for winter wheat and rice - in tillering and flowering phase) gives an increase in yield compared with the control (option K ) to 20,5-28,8 c / ha (variant O 1) by increasing the mass of 1000 grains, ozernennosti ear (panicle) and the number of heads (panicles) per 1 m 2 area of crops. Growing cultures of other schemes, different from the proposed method gives a yield increase compared to the control was 11-13 t / ha lower than when grown on the proposed method.

Implementation of operations pre-activation of seeds in piles by irradiating the surface with laser installation, bleaching scanning laser beam simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, increases the saturation efficiency of seed vigor and simplifies the technical implementation of this operation, for the set laser system in one place easier collar than installing optical fibers in different locations and to create a working clamp a horizontal plane between the optical fibers in the scanning beam, as is done in prior art - it requires high precision alignment work, and thus high costs.

General operation performed during the growth of plants - their laser irradiation in the phase of vegetation - plants provide energy supply during periods of the growing season, when they need it most.

The implementation of this operation at night increases the efficiency of the plant activation by increasing their photosynthetic response to energy supply.

The implementation of this operation with the help of a laser system, as well as by laser irradiation of seeds, simplifies the technology by unifying the technical means.

The use of the vehicle for hanging him, and laser setup detour off her plants on the perimeter or on the tramline reduces the complexity of plant operations and facilitates its implementation.

Using a laser system that ensures the process of irradiation of seeds in automatic mode for a given exposure regulations, simplifies the technology of growing plants and reduce costs in the industrial cultivation of crops over large areas of crops.

Thus, the claimed set of essential features necessary and sufficient to achieve the objectives and solve the problem.

CLAIM

1. A method for the commercial cultivation of crops with the use of laser radiation, comprising processing presowing seed crops in clamps in a silo by irradiation streams of light pulses generated by a laser machine with a scanning laser beam operating in automatic mode specified for each crop exposure regulations, subsequent binning seed sowing and raising plants, characterized in that the surface of turners with seeds irradiated by placing over them the laser system providing the beam scanning simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes, and a plant is irradiated in a phase of their growing season similar laser machine, which is moved by the perimeter of the field with plants or technology tracks at night once in each of these phases.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the seeds in clamps irradiated for 4-6 days.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said binning is performed for seed 7-25 days.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser device is moved across the field at a speed of 4-5 km / h.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is irradiated in tillering, stem elongation, buttonhole, the flowering and ripening grain inherent culture.

print version
Publication date 12.03.2007gg