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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2192728

METHOD PRESOWING crops and growing plants AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

METHOD PRESOWING crops and growing plants AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Name of the inventor: Lamykin OD .; Atyunin SS .; Morozov OV .; Sergeev SN
The name of the patentee: Limited Liability Company "Agency of the System Design" ASD "
Address for correspondence: 300001, Tula, st. Stepanova, 29, kv.128, L.F.Novikovoy
Starting date of the patent: 2001.06.05

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to handle any crop at the stage of pre-treatment, and at the stage of vegetative development to enhance the processes of seed germination and enhance plant life processes. In the process of pre-sowing seed treatment exposure of crops perform volumetric optical-acoustic radiation, the spectral components of which are in the range of 3 × 10 4 -3 10 15 Hz. Opto-acoustic radiation generated by the spatial frequency amplitude-phase modulation of the optical radiation source. To implement the method using an apparatus comprising a cylindrical housing, a mechanical acoustic resonator and a source of optical radiation. the optical radiation source is placed inside a mechanical acoustic resonator along its longitudinal axis and is secured to the housing by the holder. The invention solves the problem of extending the scope of its application and at the same time increasing the efficiency effects on the s / crops due to more selective to a particular crop at the possibility of regulating the frequency-amplitude and phase characteristics of the bulk of the spatial optical-acoustic radiation. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem of substantial simplification of the apparatus and reducing its size and power consumption of them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for processing of any agricultural crops such as cereals, Solanaceae, oil, beans, cucurbits, root vegetables and mushrooms, as pre-treatment step and at the stage of vegetative growth in a growth phase, flowering and prior to fruiting moment to invoke the process of germination of the seed and the strengthening of the vital processes of plants.

To activate the vital processes of each crop with regard to its original state is important to choose the kind of electromagnetic effect, its frequency, the spectrum, the intensity of which would optimally suited for him.

His replacement methods of processing of agricultural (s / s) cultures in which each culture were treated with one the most appropriate (chosen) for her radiation views with rigidly specified parameters of exposure (wavelength, pulse frequency, their amplitude, time and frequency of exposure), came methods complex (mixed) effects, built on the principle of superposition.

Thus, the known method of pre-treatment of seeds (RF Patent 2090031, IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00, 7/25/95 was), which provides for the simultaneous effect of radiation on the seeds in the red and infrared regions of the spectrum with a certain ratio of, the bulk density of radiation and the exposure time. Moreover, the radiation flux is formed by light-emitting diodes or diode lasers.

However, this method, like its predecessors, is applicable only for a limited type / crop. In this method, cells are irradiated objects, is a kind of resonators, by irradiation with a predetermined wavelength and the direction of radiation, are in resonance with the waves, whose wavelength is comparable or a multiple of the size of the cells. In this case, the cells are formed by "standing waves" that block intracellular metabolic processes.

The most widely used at the present time, based on the increased efficiency of external influence on s / s cultures have found ways of complex effects, departed from the principle of superposition, which is one kind of exposure is modulated by another.

Thus, the known method of correcting the functional state of the biological object of both vegetable and animal origin (RF Patent 2107425, IPC 6 A 01 G 7/04, A 01 C 1/00, A 61 N 1/00, 2/00, 5 / 00, C 12 N 13/00, 10.02.97 g), in which at least one parameter of at least one type of electric and / or magnetic and / or electromagnetic action on a biological object modulated musical fragment. In this method, modulation may be frequency, amplitude, phase and pulse width.

The disadvantages of this method include the lack of a sustainable positive effect in the form of strengthening the vital processes of plants as biological objects throughout the vegetative stage of development and, as a consequence, insignificant increase in their productivity. This is because the effects produced are not allowed to select suitable plants variance is in every moment of the life process of the wave action, which is the best way to support and enhance the metabolism.

There is a method of influence on biological objects, which is taken as a prototype for the claimed method (RF Patent 2116089, IPC 6 A 61 N 5/06, A 01 C 1/00, A 01 G 7/04, A 61 N 39/06, 11.19.96. g). According to this method, exposure is performed by irradiating biological modulated optical radiation. This modulation is carried out analog irregular fluctuations, spectral components of which are in the frequency range 10 -4 -10 6 Hz. As an analog irregular fluctuations of voltage fluctuations or current transients or enhanced random processes can be used in electrical circuits, such as flicker noise.

This method has all the disadvantages of the above described method. Furthermore, the surface radiation capacity selectable from a range of 10 -2 ÷ 2 × 10 3 W / m 2, for large plants. This radiation causes plant cells to significant stress, which can withstand only relatively strong plants.

Known germination stimulant containing hopper with loading and unloading system and a block seed lasers. To create a bulk optical radiation in space to the laser system via switches connected system of waveguides and splitters ending rods made of optical glass for their location inside the heap of seeds. This laser system has a wavelength of 670 and 730 nm (RF Patent 2132119, IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00, 16.04.96 was).

The disadvantages of this device is the fact that it permanently, structurally complicated and has a large size, consumes large amounts of electricity. seed treatment is carried out only in the through mode in the device. This device is only used for processing a large number of (heap) in the field of seeds and is not available for the treatment of vegetative plants, and where there is no strong power source.

A device preplant seed treatment, which is the prototype of the claimed device (RF Patent 2051551, IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00, 14.04.92 was). It comprises a cylindrical body, the first of which is made of a diamagnetic material, and a second metal from a coil mounted on the first housing portion and connected to an AC source, the source of ultraviolet radiation mounted within the second housing part on its axis by means of holders. To ensure uniformity of seed irradiation inner surface of the housing operate polished to reflect the electromagnetic radiation. Although the device and has smaller dimensions than analog, but it has the same disadvantages as the device described above.

The proposed method for pre-processing of crops and growing plants and device for its realization solve the problem of extending the scope of their application, reducing the time of the vegetative development of the plants, but also improve the efficiency of the impact on the s / crops due to more selective to a particular crop at a possible regulation of frequency , the amplitude and phase characteristics of surround spatial optical-acoustic radiation at both the pre-treatment stage, and in the field at any stage of the growing season. In addition, the claimed device solves the problem of substantial simplification of the construction, reduce its size and power consumption and compactness and convenience, and the device operation in the field.

The problem is solved by a method for pre-processing of crops and growing plants, which includes their exposure modulated optical radiation exposure of crops perform volumetric optical-acoustic low-power radiation, the spectral components of which are in the range of 3 × 10 4 ÷ 3 10 15 Hz. Moreover, optical-acoustic radiation generated by the spatial frequency amplitude-phase modulation of the optical radiation source. Opto-acoustic radiation to form a low surface power lying in the range of 1 × 10 -3 ÷ 5 × 10 -3 W / m 2.

The length of the optical radiation source is selected from the range of wavelengths 400 ÷ 980 nm lying in the visible and / or red and / or infrared spectra.

Irradiation can be exposed directly to the seeds themselves and / or water for solution for soaking seeds and watering plants and / or soil, which are planted or to be planted plants.

This processing crop seeds or growing plants opto-acoustic radiation can be carried out once for 5 ÷ 20 minutes or more times at different phases of vegetative development of plants: in the growth phase and / or flowering and / or fruiting.

To implement this method, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical housing, a source of electromagnetic radiation that is connected to a power source, and an electromagnetic radiation source holder mounted along the longitudinal axis of the housing. The new device is that it is provided with a mechanical acoustic resonator attached to the housing inside. The source of electromagnetic radiation is in the form of at least two optical radiation sources mounted in the holder, placed in turn inside a mechanical acoustic resonator along its longitudinal axis.

Alternatively, other possible non-exhaustive embodiments of the claimed method is proposed concrete construction of the device comprising a cylindrical body formed with a handle and a working part. Inside the housing of the working part is rigidly attached transverse arm disc, the center of which is fixed in cantilever fashion on the movable body part holder working optical axis of the radiation sources are uniformly distributed in the holder at equal distances from the axis of the working part of the housing. The optical radiation sources using LEDs and / or laser diodes are connected to a source of DC power. A mechanical acoustic resonator is in the form of at least two metal tubes, a cantilevered arm fastened to the disk holder and concentrically covering the optical emitters. Moreover, large diameter pipes are long and protrude from the working part of the housing.

In order to regulate amplitude and frequency-phase characteristics of the device advantageously LEDs and / or laser diodes placed in the holder with the possibility of changing their mutual position in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the working part of the housing. The LEDs or diode lasers must have different frequency characteristics of the optical radiation. To enhance adjustability acoustic resonator tube mounted in the disk bracket with possibility to change the position in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the working part of the housing relative to the free end of the fixing points.

To enhance the power generated surface optoacoustic radiation in order to increase the effective exposure range, the acoustic resonator tubes can be in the form of horns.

To enhance the effect of amplitude, frequency and phase modulation of the optical radiation reflected radiation from the inner surfaces of the mechanical acoustic resonator tubes are made polished.

METHOD PRESOWING crops and growing plants AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

1 is a longitudinal section of the device; Figure 2 - view of "A" in Figure 1; 3, 4, 5 - possible variants of application of the device.

The device comprises a cylindrical body having a handle 1 and a working portion 2 in which a disk is rigidly attached transverse arm 3 made of a diamagnetic material. In the center of the bracket 3 of the housing coaxially to the working tool holder 4 fixed two sources of optical radiation 5. The holder 4 is mounted on the disk 3 with a bracket movable along the axis 6, for example, by using hollow screw 7 for changing focus optical radiation source in a mechanical acoustic resonator. 5 Number of optical emitters should be at least two. Optical emitters as LEDs may be used and / or laser diodes 5. The optical radiation sources (LEDs or Laser Diodes) arranged in the holder 4 with the possibility of changing their mutual position in the working direction of the housing longitudinal axis. Sources of optical radiation spread should have the frequency characteristics of the optical radiation. Selection of frequency error in the assembly is simplified by the use of similar sources of optical radiation from different batches of the same manufacturer or different manufacturers. Within the working part of the housing 2 in the disk holder bracket 3 4 concentrically mounted metal tubes cantilevered mechanical acoustic resonator 8, 9, and 8 of the tube with a larger diameter has a greater length. The length of tubes 8 mounting bracket in disk space 3 can be varied, with the free ends of the tubes should not protrude from the working part of the housing 2. The acoustic tube 8 can be made in the form of horns (not shown). The inner surface 10 of the tubes 8 may be made of polished for multiple reflection of electromagnetic waves in the self-modulation of the optical radiation.

Sources of optical radiation 5 is connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel to the DC source 11 placed in the handle of the device 1. In a standard constant current source 11 with an output voltage of 9 V can be used as a DC power source such as battery "Crown". The device has a switch (not shown) and may be provided with a voltage indicator 12.

Generation of continuous volumetric optical-acoustic radiation occurs as follows.

Some are connected to the DC power LEDs or laser diodes 5 (sources of optical radiation with a wavelength selected from the wavelength range 400 ÷ 980 nm) having a certain spread in the frequency characteristics, create optical beating in a range of sound and ultrasound. At the same time modulated optical radiation, the mechanical resonating acoustic resonator 9, forms a complex three-dimensional space wave radiation, containing harmonics of the optical and acoustic ranges of vibrations. This radiation is directed into the open side of the mechanical acoustic resonator.

Thus, as a result of run-out of optical radiation within the mechanical acoustic resonator 9 happening amplitude-frequency phase modulation complex optoacoustic (photoacoustic) radiation, the spectral components which may be in the range of 3 × 10 4 ÷ 3 10 15 Hz.

the cone angle of the beam with a bulk optical-acoustic emission from the device is 15 ÷ 30 o, its effective operating range can be up to 3 m.

Based on the type of crop to be treated, its condition and circumstances make setting following instrument parameters: range type optical emitter 5, the number of radiators 5, their relative position in the space, the selection of the frequency characteristics of the acoustic resonator, namely the number, shape, geometry, metal tubes 8 resonator their mutual position. As a host of soft trim used holder 4, the movement along the axis 6 which is selected desired focus optical radiation source. The device provides a wide range of output frequencies for sufficiently random distribution in space and phase-change optical frequency acoustic radiation. Selection of certain technical characteristics of the device should take into account the "reaction" of the seeds or plants to radiation. Specific parametric values ​​of the device are the "know-how" of developers.

The positive effect of the opto-acoustic low-emission power plants can be explained as follows.

Cells with / crop filled with liquid (cytoplasm), a resonating object, perceive three-dimensional opto-acoustic radiation with continuously varying frequency, amplitude and direction of impact. This results in a partial redistribution of ions in the cell cytoplasm and to the displacement. Of course, in this case, the cells initially experience some "stress." Inside the cells increases the movement of particles, increasing its temperature, and as a consequence, increased intracellular metabolic processes. The entire metabolism is accelerated. Cell breathing more intensely. This type of radiation does not lead to addiction. It is important that the exposure was low surface power, commensurate with cell energy, equal to 1 × 10 -3 5 × 10 -3 W / m 2, and operated on the principle of "do no harm", carrying out a "revival" of the cell and "training" her breath. Processing / crops for 5 ÷ 20 minutes is sufficient to activate and prolangirovaniya metabolism. Increasing the metabolic rate between cells and an increase in the cellular respiration increases in photosynthesis and their synthesis sugars. As a consequence, this leads to an earlier germination, increase of leaf area and increase yield. Treated plants are strong enough outperform the control group.

Application of the device may be embodied in the following modes:

- Seed treatment in a static mode, for example, by placing the device in clamps with the grain 13;

- A pass-through mode, for example, using a conveyor device 14 is arranged above the conveyor;

- When using the device on the vegetative growth stages of plants it is used as a normal flashlight, directing cone beam opto-acoustic radiation at the plant 15.

So, it was manufactured and tested device "Biorezonator" ASD 401 "different modifications with the following dimensions:

- The diameter of the working part of the housing 4 ÷ 20 cm;

- The total length of the housing 30 ÷ 40 cm;

- Weight of the device 250 ÷ 400 g

In them as sources of optical radiation used three infrared LED brand AL 107 with the wavelength of radiation in the range of 930 ÷ 970 nm.

The use of the claimed universal processing method / crops by c / s plants showed consistent results of exposure to a gain vital processes, reducing the time of vegetative growth and increased yield of all species / crops, including fungi.

To investigate the effect of the opto-acoustic radiation of low power devices, data on the productivity and structure of the crop from / crops have been carried out field experiments in the experimental field of the Department of Plant Belarusian Agricultural Academy "Tushkovo".

Soil Characteristics: sod-podzolic, sredneuglinistaya. Agrochemical characteristics: pH of salt extract 5.8 ÷ 6,2; 1.6 humus content ÷ 1,8%; mobile phosphorus 12 ÷ 15 mg and 15 exchangeable potassium ÷ 17 mg per 100 g soil.

Processing Mode: 5 min, 10 min, 15 min - seed treatment, treatment of plants in the early growing season.

Tillage: conventional, nitrogen fertilizers in the recommended doses were added under presowing cultivation, superphosphate and potassium chloride - the main refueling before plowing.

Methods of determining the results of: plant density was determined during the full sprouting and before harvesting. Accounting density was conducted by the permanent areas of 0.25 m 2. According to the data obtained to carry out calculations of germination and the overall survival rate of plants.

Before cleaning, an analysis of yield structure: the number of plants, preserved for harvesting; number of grains per one plant; grain weight was determined with a medium plant and weight of 1000 grains.

example 1

Culture buckwheat "Smolensk", which in Belarus is a traditional low-yielding. Thermophilic, planted late. The experience of sustained optimal time of sowing. Accounting plot area of 17.5 m 2. Performs processing of seeds and growing plants at the beginning of the branch. Repeated experience 16 fold. In other farms Belarus zavyazyvaemost flowers was low, the yield was low everywhere. Many farms do not receive any crop. Experimental results on efficiency are shown in Table buckwheat. 1.

example 2

Culture barley "Zazersky". This culture in Belarus is one of the most productive. Skorospelaya culture with a relatively short growing season. The experience of planting dates a few belated. Accounting plot area of 10.0 m 2. Performs processing of seeds and growing plants at the beginning of tillering. The treated seeds are not sown at once and lay for several days before planting. Repeated experiments 6-fold. The results of the productivity experiments with barley are given in Table. 2.

example 3

Culture yellow lupine stern "BSKHA-382." Meteorological conditions are favorable, adequate soil moisture, lack of soil crust. The experience of treatment of seeds carried out one day before sowing, sowing the ordinary way with the norm of 1.2 million / ha. Performs processing of seed and vegetative plants feed yellow lupine in the early phase of the rosette of leaves. The experimental plots on 10 February in four replications with a systematic arrangement of options. The overall appearance of seedlings on the 12th day after sowing. Cleaning was carried out by the Finnish direct harvesting combine "Sampa 130". The results are shown in Table. 3.

With significantly lower energy consumption, compact (small size), a simplified processing technology as the seeds and growing plants with high efficiency impact, claimed the device will be widely used as a / s AIC enterprises, farms and in home gardens.

This makes the device available for use it, along with the s / s agribusiness enterprises, farmers, any amateur gardeners. The efficiency of processing / crops is significantly enhanced in comparison with known devices of similar purpose, which leads to increased yields with / crop by 10-30%.

CLAIM

1. A method for treating pre vegetative and crop plants, said method comprising irradiating a modulated optical radiation, wherein the irradiation is carried crop bulk-optic surface with acoustic radiation power of the radiation of 1 × 10 -3 -5 x 10 -3 W / m 2, the spectral components of which are in the range of 3 × 10 4 -5 10 15 Hz, and the opto-acoustic radiation generated by the spatial frequency amplitude-phase modulation of the optical radiation source.

2. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the length of the optical radiation source is in the visible and / or red and / or infrared spectrum, selected from the wavelength range 400-980 nm.

3. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the treatment of crops growing plants and opto-acoustic radiation performed once for 5-20 min.

4. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the crop processing and opto-acoustic radiation is performed repeatedly growing plants at different stages of vegetative growth.

5. The apparatus preplant treatment of crops and growing plants, comprising a cylindrical housing, a source of electromagnetic radiation that is connected to the power source and the toolholder source of electromagnetic radiation mounted on the longitudinal axis of the housing, characterized in that the device is provided with a mechanical acoustic resonator attached to the housing inside it source of electromagnetic radiation is in the form of at least two optical radiation sources mounted in the holder, placed inside a mechanical acoustic resonator along its longitudinal axis.

6. Device according ap 5, characterized in that the cylindrical body is formed with a handle and a working portion that has a circular cross-bracket, the center of which is secured in cantilever fashion to move along the axis of the working part of the housing holder of optical radiation sources, evenly spaced on a tool holder equal distances from the axis of the working part of the housing, which is used as the LEDs and / or laser diodes are connected to a DC power source, a mechanical acoustic resonator is in the form of at least two metal tubes cantilever fixed in the disk bracket and concentrically covering toolholder optical emitters with large diameter tubes are longer.

7. The apparatus of claim. 6, characterized in that the LEDs and / or laser diodes are placed in the holder with the possibility of changing their mutual position in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the working part of the housing.

8. The apparatus of claim. 6, characterized in that the LEDs or diode lasers have different frequency characteristics of the optical radiation.

9. The apparatus of claim. 6, characterized in that the mechanical acoustic resonator tube mounted in the disk bracket with the possibility of changing their position relative to the free end of the fixing points in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the working part of the housing.

10. The apparatus of claim. 6, characterized in that the mechanical acoustic resonator tubes are designed as horns.

11. The apparatus of claim. 6, characterized in that the inner surface of the acoustic resonator mechanically polished tubing made.

print version
Publication date 12.03.2007gg