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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2268571

METHOD PRESOWING corn seeds

METHOD PRESOWING corn seeds

Name of the inventor: Saldana Alexander Kravchuk (RU); Alexey Rogachev Fruminovich
The name of the patentee: Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Volgograd State Agricultural Academy"
Address for correspondence: 400002, Volgograd, st. Institutskaya 8 VGSKHA, Patent Service
Starting date of the patent: 2004.08.16

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of maize and its hybrids for grain and silage. A method of pre-processing of corn seeds involves soaking them in an aqueous solution of biologically active substances (BAS). As BAS uses natural mineral salt solution bishofit formula MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O density of 1.25 ... 1.35 g / cm 3. Seeds exposed for 15 ... 30 minutes, a solution temperature of 70-90 ° C. Before soaking treatment is carried out and the stratum corneum of the embryo the endosperm of corn seeds 30-60% solution of succinic acid (ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH 2 CH 2 COOH), treatment was conducted for 6 ... 12 min at a temperature of 10 ... 20 ° C. The process will increase crop yield under cultivation in the conditions of extreme continental climate, and protect it from disease during the period from sowing to germination stable.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of maize and its hydrides for grain and silage.

Presowing treatment method known vegetable seeds, comprising soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, wherein, in order to improve germination, vigor and seed yield, as biologically active substance is used in a concentration of 0.01-0.5 bishofit% and the soaking is performed at a temperature of 25 ° C for 144 hours (SU, patent №1800932. A3. M. Cl. 5 a 01 C 1/00, a 01 N 61/00. a method of pre-processing of vegetable seeds /G.N .Lepilin, M.S.Gorovoy (USSR) -. Application №4934257 / 15 Reported Publ 03.04.1991 07.03.1993 Bulletin №9)......

The described method of pre-processing of vegetable seeds is a common symptom in solved our problem - the use of mineral bischofite.

The disadvantages of this method as applied to the pre-processing of corn seeds and its hybrids are low efficiency of use of brine of natural bischofite mineral formula MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O produced in the Volgograd region fields, and over-stretched period of time (144 hours - 6 days), preparation for sowing seeds . This time limit is not valid for corn seeds due to death of the embryo.

Known seedbed preparation method and crop seeds comprising treating the seeds Dutch suspension of small particles of metal, wherein the colloidal suspension of small particles of metal recovery using colloidal suspensions of inorganic compounds of iron products in a concentration of 10 -2 -10 -5% (RU, Patent № . 2056084. C1 IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00 seedbed preparation method of seed / Folmanis Gundars Ediardovich -.. The application №93009007 / 15 Reported Publ 23.02.1993 20.03.1996)....

The effectiveness of this method of pre-treating the seed of maize is negligible because Seed surface is saturated with iron compounds. Seeds from the germ and corn plants in the first phase of organogenesis least need them. This is proved by the distribution of food items for corn bodies.

Known preplant seed treatment method comprising exposing a seed liquid medium containing a stimulator of seed germination at a concentration of 0.01-0.05%, wherein the growth stimulator use sodium salts of alkyl sulphonic acids of the formula Cn H 2n + 13 Ar SO Na, where n - 8-12; Ar - the residue of an aromatic hydrocarbon, and the impact is carried out for 8-24 hours (RU, Patent №2058699 C1 IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00, A 01 N 35/00 method of pre-processing /G.G.Galifanov seeds... , O.Redzhepov, G.M.Agadzhanov, O.S.Nusahatov -. Application №5058753 / 15 Reported Publ 14.08.1992 04.27.1996)....

The disadvantages of the process described with respect to solved our problem are the low efficiency of the processing of maize seeds from the dense stratum corneum seeds. Sodium salts do not penetrate the endosperm and the germ.

Known method and preplant seed treatment trudnoprorastaemyh legumes comprising presoaking seeds at a certain temperature and chemical treatment in which seeds are pre-soaking in water for 1.5-2.0 hours, and chemical treatment in 45-50% strength slaked lime solution for 2,0-2,54 (RU, patent №2092002. C1. IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00. A method of pre-processing trudnoprorastaemyh seed legumes / S.A.Bekuzarova, A.T.Doeva, A.A.Abaev -. Application №93039137 / 13 -. Reported Publ 30.07.1993 10.10.1997)...

In this method, as applied to the pre-processing of corn seeds noteworthy soaking operation within 1.5-2.0 hours. However, the chemical processing of maize seeds hydrated lime leads to complete destruction of embryos and burn membranes. At the time of the maturation of the embryo sac of the ovule of the ovary wall and corn reach a considerable thickness and are made to turn it into a husk of the parenchyma and epidermal cells. The structure of the ovary wall changes gradually and differentiated. This is a long process, which naturally starts with fertilization and ends semyanochki ripening grain. A solution of slaked lime embryo dies within a few seconds.

Known method of preparing for seeding of soybean seeds, comprising the hydration and separation of languor, wherein hydration is carried out in water for 2-30 min, languor at least 10 minutes, and separation is performed in a fluid density of 1050-1250 kg / m 3, followed by predrying ; vexation held before the end of the swelling of seeds, as well as a separating liquid is used saline (RU, Patent №2132120. C1. IPC 6 A 01 C 1/00. The process of preparation for sowing seeds of soybean /N.V.Grischenko, ES Drozdov -.. The application №98103658 / 13 Reported Publ 02.03.1998 27.06.1999)...

Mass of 1000 seeds of maize large-fruited varieties and hybrids do not exceed 400 grams, all the seeds - full and shriveled - drowning in a saline solution and thus can not be separated from high-grade seeds seeds underdeveloped, shrunken and damaged agricultural pests.

Known preplant treatment method, comprising treating the material with a solution preplant bishofit natural mineral in which treatment is carried out by moistening seeds - 10-12% solution bishofit working fluid at a flow rate - 20-25 liters per 1 ton of seeds in the field (RU, patent .. №2160521 C2 7 IPC A 01 C 1/00 method of pre-treatment of seeds / T.A.Koroleva, M.N.Belitskaya -... The application №99103036 / 13 Reported Publ 16.02.1999 20.12.2000)...

The disadvantages of this method for seed treatment of corn hybrids and its effects are low efficiency due to low concentration (10-12%), natural mineral bishofit solution. The salts and minerals do not penetrate the horny sheath of corn seeds.

The closest analog to the claimed subject method is preplant seed treatment of corn, comprising soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, which is used as bishofit, wherein the corn seed was placed in the 70-90 ° C heated saline bishofit density 1.25 .. .1,35 g / cm 3, and the effects of vibration with a frequency of 15.0 ... 35.0 Hz for 15 ... 30 min (RU, patent №2216898. C1. 7 IPC a 01 C 1/00. The method pre-processing of corn / A.F.Rogachev seeds A.M.Saldaev (RU) -...... The application №2002126044 / 12 Reported Publ 30.09.2002 27.11.2003 Bulletin №33 // Inventions and Utility models ".. 2003. - №33).

The disadvantages of the method described in relation to the problem to be solved by us - sowing the seeds of maize hybrids in the agronomic early as possible - are, despite the saturation of the upper layer of the embryo and endosperm of bischofite salt solution, a low degree of protection of the embryo and the germ of the disease-causing bacteria and agricultural pests.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to be solved by the invention as claimed, - the preservation of sowing qualities of seeds of maize hybrids and its early when sown in agronomic terms.

The technical result - increasing the yield of grain maize hybrids and green mass in the cultivation of silage.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of pre-treating the seed of maize, comprising soaking them in an aqueous solution of the active substance, which is used as saline bischofite density of 1.25 ... 1.35 g / cm 3, heated to a temperature 70-90 ° C, and exposed for 15 ... 30 min, according to the invention prior to dipping treatment carried stratum corneum endosperm and embryo of corn seeds 30-60% solution of succinic acid (ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH 2 CH 2 COOH) for 6 ... 12 min at a temperature of 10 ... 20 ° C.

The essence of the pre-processing of corn is that the seeds of maize hybrids before planting calibrated. The method was tested on corn hybrids Maria CB, Korn, 280 MB, and Eric Valentin MB MB. Further processing is carried out stratum corneum endosperm and germ of corn seeds 30 ... 60% solution of succinic acid. Succinic acid, ethane - 1,2 - dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH 2 CH 2 COOH represents colorless crystals, soluble in alcohol, ether and water. Melting point 185 ° C at 20 ° C the acid density - 1.563 g / cm 3 from the succinic acid solution was prepared. Seeds of corn hybrids are placed in a succinic acid solution and incubated for 6 minutes at 12 ... zero temperature - 10 ... 20 ° C. A solution of succinic acid softens the hornlike layer endosperm and germ. Then, seed soaking is performed in an aqueous solution of the active substance. As a final use saline natural mineral bischofite formula MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O density of 1.25 ... 1.35 g / cm 3, to improve the efficiency of penetration of the solution of salts of macro- and trace elements bishofit working solution is heated to a temperature of 70. ..90 ° C. When placing the seeds into brine bishofit brine temperature is reduced by 15 ... 25 ° C, seed exposed for 15 ... 30 minutes. Temperature, concentration and time of exposure seeds bishofit solution promotes saturation of the upper layer of all elements of the seed available salts. Simultaneously, the seed coating layer of paraffin. Each seed insektitsidosoderzhaschie are given to substances that have the most favorable influence when growing seeds sown in early agronomic terms (low temperature of the soil, its fluctuations, high humidity).

Seeding rates on the plots were calculated to ensure plant density before harvesting (50 ... 85) 10 3 units / ha, experiments laid by the split plots. Location plots systematically. Repeated experience of three times. Accounting area of the plots on the water regime of 405 m 2 doses of fertilizer - 100 m 2, hybrids and varieties - 25 m 2.

The experiments took into account the zonal agricultural techniques of cultivation of corn for grain and silage under irrigated and rain-fed agriculture in the south of the Russian Federation.

The results of phenological observations at various receptions effects on seed germination and seed maize varieties Maria CB, Korn, 250 MB, and Eric Valentin MB MB at a rate of 55 × 10 3 units / ha are shown in Table 1-3. Sowing seeds carried unit comprising wheeled tractor MTZ-100 and mounted pneumatic seeder SUPN - 8. Seeding depth 0,08 ± 0,01 m Width between rows -0,7 ± 0,01 m soil temperature 15 ..... + 22 ° C, in the period of sowing (of 05.05.2003). Soil type pilot area - the typical black soil, shallow, heavy loam. sowing period - May 5-8. In the experiment conducted phenological observations, surveys of green mass of the phases of development, plant height measurements, analysis of the structure of the crop. cob harvest made by hand, the 30.09.2003, 15.10.2003 Threshing cobs on selection thresher. Plant density to harvest period for hybrids was Maria CB, Korn 280 MB, MB Valentin, Erik MB respectively 75, 65 and 50 thousand units / ha. Harvesting these hybrids held 24.09; 2.10; 13.10 and 15.10.2003 The weather conditions in 2003 were generally favorable for the formation of a crop of corn. It should be noted that in the first half of the growing season to form hybrids 10-12 leaves maize developed in adverse weather conditions. In May, the air temperature was + 18,1 ° C, which is 3,5 ° C above the long-term average. High air temperatures accompanied by low rainfall (35% of normal). During the period from sowing to form phase 10 in corn-leaf fallen 88.1 mm rainfall at a rate of 137.3 mm (64% less). During flowering (in July) the air temperature exceeded the norm by 2.9 ° C only in the first decade of the month. Periodically rainfall ensured reserves of productive (available) moisture meter soil layer in at 100 mm and above experiments. During the period May - October 2003 fell to 580 mm of rainfall. This is 155% of the average values ​​of long-term observations.

Table 4 shows the height of corn plants in different types of pre-processing on the data of 2001-2003. Table 5 shows the grain yield of corn hybrids in three years. At the harvest of grain, mainly affected the stability of seeds to fungal diseases at early sowing. Effect of pre-treatment of corn seed with a solution of succinic acid and brine bischofite mineral was significant in all years of the experiment. In 2001, the grain harvest in the average pre-treatment options was higher by 11%, in 2002 - 38%, in 2003 - 113%. Table 6 shows the results of calculation of the cost-effectiveness of different methods of pre-treatment of corn seeds. As shown in Table 6, on revenue of maize hybrids affect primarily resistant seedlings in the period after emergence. Nominal net income from preplant seed treatment amounted to 1,330,800 rubles per 100 hectares of crops, and without pre-processing only 584 thousand rubles for the same area, ie, 2.3 times less.

Thus, these data confirm the materiality of receiving a seed treatment with a solution of succinic acid to soften the horn-shell and its salts of saturated brine bischofite.

Table 1

The results of phenological observations of the germination of seeds of maize hybrids Maria CB, Korn 280 MB, MB Valentin, Erik MB after the pre-treatment of brine bischofite and succinic acid on the 9th day after sowing (of 05.05.2003)
The concentration of succinic acid, wt.% Hybrid maize
Maria CB Korn 280 MB Valentin MB Eric MB
10 6.4 7.9 6.3 9.4
20 7.9 8.2 8.7 9.9
thirty 8.4 8.7 9.4 10.4
40 9.3 10.1 10.5 9.1
50 9.7 10.6 10.3 8.7
60 10.7 8.4 10.1 6.3
70 9.3 7.3 8.7 5.2
80 8.7 4.2 7.4 4.8
90 3.2 3.2 6.9 3.6
100 - 1.3 3.4 2.1
Control (no treatment) 8.6 9.1 7.8 8.2

table 2

The results of phenological observations of the germination of seeds of maize hybrids Maria CB, Korn 280 MB, MB Valentin, Erik MB after pre-treatment with 30% solution of succinic acid and brine bischofite density of 1.2 t / m 3 at the 9th day after sowing (05.05 .2003 g)
Exposure Time Hybrid maize
solution min Maria CB Korn 280 MB Valentin MB Eric MB
5 8.7 7.4 6.8 9.3
10 11.3 13.3 8.4 10.8
15 12.4 14.5 9.7 11.9
20 11.2 13.2 8.3 10.8
Control (no treatment) 6.8 8.6 7.5 9.7
Table 3

The results of phenological observations of the germination of seeds of maize hybrids Maria CB, Korn 280 MB, MB Valentin, Erik MB after pre-treatment with 30% solution of succinic acid + bischofite brine density of 1.25 t / m 3 at the 9th day after sowing (05.05 .2003 g)
The temperature of solution, ° C Hybrid maize
Maria CB Korn 280 MB Valentin MB Eric MB
5 8.7 9.7 9.2 10.1
10 9.7 9.4 10.4 10.0
15 9.6 10.8 10.7 10.4
20 10.2 9.3 11.3 10.5
25 11.0 8.2 10.8 9.3
thirty 11.3 8.7 9.9 8.6
Control (no treatment) 6.8 6.9 6.7 7.9

Table 4

Effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of maize hybrids on the development of plants (according to 2003)
Hybrid, grade The area of leaf area per plant, m 2 The height of plants in the flowering period, m The harvest of green mass in the phase of milky-wax ripeness t / ha
In crops with treated seed control In crops with treated seed control In crops with treated seed control
Maria CB 0.40 0.38 2.34 2,084 38.54 25.84
Korn 280 MB 0.41 0.39 2.41 2,100 37,40 22.88
Valentin MB 0.40 0.39 2.48 2.08 39,40 24,60
Eric MB 0.42 0.39 2.51 2,037 28.93 23.27

Table 5

Harvest grain corn hybrids in the observation period (2001-2003), t / ha
The method of seed treatment (Factor A) Hybrid maize (factor B) 2001 2002 2003 On average over 3 years
Without seed treatment to

planting (control) 		Maria CB 5.58 4.94 3.64 4.72
Korn 280 MB 6.49 4.63 2.90 4.67
Valentin MB 6.69 4.06 2.31 4.35
Eric MB 5.73 5.00 2.03 4.24
Seed treatment by

the claimed method 		Maria CB 6.57 6.44 5.79 6.27
Korn 280 MB 6.89 6.34 6.01 6.41
Valentin MB 6.93 6.31 5.49 6.24
Eric MB 6.69 6.58 5.89 6.39
NDS 05 for comparing the particular differences, t / ha - 0.75 1.34 0.72 -
NDS 05 by a factor of A, t / ha - 0.37 0.64 0.38 -
HCP 05 for factor V, t / ha - 0.53 0.95 0.51 -
Error experiences% - 2.6 5.0 3.8 -

Table 6

Economic efficiency of cultivation of maize hybrids without treatment (control) and seed treatment before sowing 100 hectares (according to 2003)
Index

Without seed treatment (control) In the treatment of seed according to the method described
Maria CB Korn 280 MB Valentin MB Eric MB Maria CB Korn 280 MB Valentin MB Eric MB
Gross output value, thous. 1274.0 1015.0 808.5 710.5 2026.5 2103.5 1921.3 2061.5
Direct costs, thousand rubles. 443.3 386.6 331.4 310.8 704.4 720.5 668.5 696.6
Nominal disposable income, thous. 830.7 628.4 477.1 399.7 1322.1 1383.0 1253.0 1364.9
Conditional costs, thousand rubles. 1220 1330 1430 1530 1220 1200 1221 1180
The level of profitability,% 187 163 144 129 188 192 187 196
Economic efficiency, thous. - - - - 491.4 754.6 775.9 965.2
Labour costs per 1 ha, person / hour 10.1 9.0 8.9 7.8 17.7 18.1 16.7 14.3
Costs for fuel acquisition, RUR. 82.2 75.7 63.2 61.6 109.3 111.2 92.2 97.3

CLAIM

Method preplant seed treatment of corn, comprising soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, which is used as saline bishofit density 1.25 ÷ 1.35 g / cm 3 and preheated to a temperature of 70 ÷ 90 ° C, and exposed for 15 ÷ 30 minutes, characterized in that for 6 ÷ 12 min before soaking treatment is carried out and the stratum corneum of the embryo the endosperm of corn seeds 30-60% solution of succinic acid (ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOCCH 2 CH 2 COOH) at a temperature of 10 ÷ 20 ° C.

print version
Publication date 12.03.2007gg