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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2261588

METHOD ELECTROSTIMULATION LIFE PLANTS

Name of the inventor: Lartsev Vadim Viktorovich
The name of the patentee: Lartsev Vadim Viktorovich
Address for correspondence:. 140103, Moscow region, Ramenskoye, 3, (post office), demand deposits, VV Lartseva
Starting date of the patent: 2002.06.05

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the electrical activity of plants. The method comprises introducing into the soil to a depth convenient for further processing, with a certain interval, in respective proportions of metal particles in the form of powder, rods, plates of various shapes and configurations are made of metals of different kinds and their alloys, distinguished by their ratio to hydrogen in the electrochemical series of metals voltages alternating introduction of the metal particles with the introduction of metals such metallic particles of another type, given the type of the soil and plants. The value resulting currents will be within the parameters of the electric current, the optimum for electrical plants. To increase the current plant elektorostimulyatsii and its effectiveness, when placed in the respective metals soil before watering crops sprinkle baking soda 150-200 g / m ² or directly pour water crops with soda dissolved in the proportions of 25-30 g / l of water. The invention allows the use of electrical stimulation for various plants efficiently.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of agricultural development, crop production and can be used advantageously with the electrical activity of plants. It is based on the properties of the water change its pH value when in contact with metals it (Application for opening number FROM RH from 07.03.1997, the) [1, 2].

Application of this method is based Island property changes of hydrogen water index at its contact with metals (Request to open a number of OB FROM 07.03.1997, under the title "property changes of hydrogen indicator of water in contact with metals it") [1, 2].

It is known that a weak electric current passed through the soil, beneficial effects on plant life. At the same experiments on the electrification of the soil and the effect of this factor on the development of the plants produced a lot in our country, and abroad (see. AM book Gordeeva, VB Sheshneva "Electricity in the life of plants, MA, Education 1988, -.. 176, str.108-115) established that this effect changes the movement of different types of soil moisture, promotes the decomposition of a number of substances trudnousvoyaemyh plants, provokes a wide variety of chemical reactions, in turn, alter the reaction of the soil solution. are determined and the electric current parameters are optimal for a variety of soils, from 0.02 to 0.6 mA / cm ² for DC and from 0.25 to 0.50 mA / cm ² for variable.

At present, they use different methods of electrifying the soil - by creating carpal electric charge in the topsoil, creating in the soil and in the atmosphere of a high-voltage low-power continuous AC arc discharge [3, page 112.]. To realize these methods using the external electric power sources of electric energy. However, to use these methods require a fundamentally new technology of cultivation of agricultural crops. This is a very complex and expensive task, requiring the use of power sources, moreover, raises the question of how to handle a box with hinged on it and laid it leads.

However, there are ways to electrification of the soil, which does not use external sources of energy, trying to compensate for the lack of stated.

Thus, a method is proposed by French researchers [3, p.151]. They have patented a device that operates according to the type of electric battery. Just as the electrolyte solution used soil. For this stage in its positive and negative electrodes (in the form of two combs whose teeth are located between each other) are alternately placed. Conclusions from these short-circuited, thereby causing heating of the electrolyte. Between the electrolyte begins to pass current low power, which is enough, as the authors urge, to encourage rapid germination of plants and accelerated their growth in the future.

This method does not use an external source of electrical energy, it can be used both on large cultivated areas, fields, and for electrostimulation individual plants.

However, for this method it is necessary to have a certain soil solution, the electrodes are necessary, which serves to put a precise position - in the form of two combs, as well as linking. The current does not occur between the electrodes, and between electrolytes, ie, certain portions of the soil solution. The authors do not report on how you can control this current, its magnitude.

Another method of electrical stimulation was proposed by members of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev [3, p.151]. It consists in that within the strip plowed layer positioned in one of the elements which are dominated by mineral nutrition in the form of anions, other - cations. It was created with the potential difference stimulates plant growth and development, increasing their productivity.

This method does not use external sources of electric power, and he can be used for large acreage, and small plots of land.

However, this method is tested in vitro in small vessels using expensive chemicals [3, p.151]. For its implementation it is necessary to use a certain power topsoil with a predominance of mineral nutrients in the form of anions or cations. This method is difficult to implement for widespread use, for its implementation need expensive fertilizer, which should be regularly in a certain order to the soil. The authors of this method and do not report the possibility of electrical current regulation.

Note electrification method of soil without an external power source, which is a modification of the current method proposed E. Pilsudski. He is electrolyzed to generate agronomic fields proposed to use the Earth's electromagnetic field, and this lay at a shallow depth, such as to not interfere with the normal agronomic work, along the beds, between them, after a certain interval of steel wire. In this case the electrodes in such a small induced electromotive force, the magnitude of 25-35 mV [3, p.114].

This method also does not use external power supplies for its application there is no need to comply with certain food arable layer, he uses simple components to implement - steel wire.

However, the proposed method does not allow electrical currents of different values. This method depends on the electromagnetic field of the Earth: the steel wire must be placed strictly along the beds, orienting it according to the location of Earth's magnetic field. The proposed method is difficult to apply for the electrostimulation of life separately growing plants, indoor plants, as well as plants are in greenhouses, in small areas.

The aim of the present invention to provide a method of electrical plant life, simple in its implementation, low cost, having a lack of these drawbacks discussed ways of electrostimulation for more efficient use of electrical plant life for a variety of crops, as well as for individual plants, for a wider use of electrical stimulation in agriculture, and at home, in private areas, in greenhouses, for electrical stimulation of certain houseplants.

This object is achieved in that the soil of crops at a shallow depth, one that is convenient for further processing, and removing the yield of the crop, are placed in a different order small metal particles, small metal plates of different shapes and configurations, made of metal type . In this type of metal is determined by its position in the electrochemical series of metal stress. Current electrical plant life can be changed by changing the types of metals introduced. You can change and charge most of the soil, making it positively electrically charged (it will be more positively charged ions) and negatively electrically charged (it will be more negatively charged ions), when applied to the soil planting crops, metal particles of one type of metal.

Thus, when applied to the soil, metal particles of metals in the electrochemical series stresses metal to hydrogen (as the sodium, calcium is very reactive metals, and in the free state are present mainly in the form of compounds in this case serves to make metals such as aluminum, magnesium zinc, iron, and their alloys and metals sodium, calcium compounds in the form), in this case, it is possible to obtain a soil composition relatively electrically charged positively introduced into the ground metal. Between amended metals and soil moist sodium currents will flow in different directions, which will electrically stimulate plant life. Metal particle charge with the negative and positive soil solution. Maximum electrical power plants will depend on the composition of the soil, humidity, temperature, and location of the metal in the electrochemical series of metals voltages. The active metal is left relative to hydrogen, the electrical current will be larger (magnesium, magnesium compounds, sodium, calcium, aluminum, zinc). In iron, lead, he will be minimal (but lead to the soil is not recommended). In pure water, the current value at 20 ° C between the metal and water is equal to 0.011-0.033 mA voltage: 0.32-0.6 [1, 2].

When applied to the soil, metal particles are metals in the electrochemical series of metals stress after hydrogen (copper, silver, gold, platinum and alloys thereof), then in this case the composition may be prepared soil electrically charged negatively relative to metals introduced into the soil. Between amended metals and moist soil solution as the currents will flow in different directions, electrically stimulates the vital activity of plants. Metal particle charge with the positively and negatively the soil solution. The maximum value of the current will be determined by the composition of the soil, its moisture content, temperature and location of metals in the electrochemical series of metal stress. The right of this metal will be located relative to hydrogen, the electrical current will be more (gold, platinum). In pure water, the current value at 20 ° C between the metal and water is in the range 0.0007-0.003 mA voltage: 0.04-0.05 [1, 2].

When applied to the soil type of metal to hydrogen in the electrochemical series of metals stress, namely under their locations before and after hydrogen arising currents will be substantially greater than when finding one metal type. In this case of metals in the electrochemical series of metals the right stresses hydrogen (copper, silver, gold, platinum and alloys thereof), the charge is positive and the metals in the electrochemical series of metals left voltages hydrogen (magnesium, zinc, aluminum and iron .. .), the charge is negative. The maximum current value is determined by the composition of the soil, moisture, its temperature and the difference between finding the metals in the electrochemical series of metal stress. The right and left of these metals are located relative to hydrogen, the electrical current will be more (gold, magnesium, zinc, platinum).

In pure water current, voltage at 40 ° C between the metals is:

• a pair of gold-aluminum: Current - 0.020 mA,
• Voltage - 0.36 V,
• a pair of silver-aluminum: Current - 0.017 mA,
• Voltage - 0.30 V,
• pair copper-aluminum: Current - 0.006 mA,
• Voltage - 0.20 V.

(Gold, silver, copper in the measurements are positively charged, aluminum - negative measurements were carried out using a universal instrument of EC 4304. This set the value.) [1, 2].

For practical use, it is invited to make in the soil solution metals such as copper, silver, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, and their alloys. Emerging currents between copper and aluminum, copper and zinc plants will create the effect of electrical stimulation. The value of current will occur is within the parameters of the electric current, the optimum for electrical plants [3, p.112].

As mentioned, metals such as sodium, calcium is present in the free state, generally in the form of compounds. Magnesium is a member such as a compound carnallite - KCl · MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O. This compound is not only used to obtain the free magnesium, but also as a fertilizer supplying plants magnesium and potassium. Magnesium plants needed because it contains a chlorophyll, a part of the compounds involved in the photosynthetic processes [4, p.125].

When choosing a pair of insertion of metal, we can choose the best plants for the electrical currents. When selecting insertion metals must take into account the state of the soil, its humidity, the type of plants, the method of its power, the importance for him of certain trace elements. Created with soil micro-currents are different areas of various sizes.

As one of the ways to increase the electrical current plants when placed in appropriate soil metals offered before watering agricultural crops sprinkle baking soda NaHCO ₃ (150-200 grams per square meter) or directly to water, agricultural crops with water from the soda dissolved in the proportions of 25-30 grams 1 liter of water. Soil soda will increase the current electrical plant, as the basis of experimental data currents between the metal in pure water increases when dissolved in water, soda. The soda solution is alkaline, it contains more negatively charged ions, and therefore the current in such an environment will increase. At the same time, breaking up into its component parts under the influence of an electric current, it will itself be used as a nutrient needed for plant assimilation.

Soda is a useful material for the plant, as it contains sodium ions, which are necessary to the plant - they are actively involved in the energy sodium-potassium metabolism of plant cells. According to the hypothesis P.Mitchela, which is today the foundation of the entire bio-energy, food energy [5, str.265] is first converted into electrical energy, which is then already spent on the production of ATP. Sodium ions, according to recent studies, together with the hydrogen ions and potassium ions just participate in this transformation.

The liberated by the decomposition of soda and carbon dioxide can be absorbed by the plant, as it is the product that is used to power the plant. For plants, the carbon dioxide is the carbon source and the enrichment of air in greenhouses and they greenhouses leads to increased yield [4, pp. 80].

The sodium ions have a major role in the exchange of the potassium-sodium cells. They play an important role in the energy supply plant nutrients to the cells.

So, for example, it is known for a certain class of "molecular machines" - of the carrier proteins. These proteins have no electric charge. However, sodium ions and attaching any molecule such as a sugar molecule, these proteins acquire a positive charge and, thus, drawn into the electric field of the surface of the membrane, where they separate sugar and sodium. Sugar in this way gets into the cell, and excess sodium is pumped out sodium pump. Thus, due to the positive charge of the sodium ion carrier protein is positively charged, thereby falling under the attraction of the electric field of the cell membrane. With the charge, it can be drawn by the electric field of the cell membrane and thus attaching nutrient molecules such as sugar molecules, molecules to deliver these nutrients into the cells. "You could say that the carrier protein plays the role of the coach, the sugar molecule - the rider, and sodium - the role of horses Although he does not cause movement, and it draws in a cage electric field." [5, p. 107].

It is known that potassium-sodium gradient created on opposite sides of the cell membrane, is a kind of generator of proton potential. It prolongs cell performance under conditions where the cells are depleted of energy resources.

B. Skulachev [6] in his article "Why the cell exchanges sodium for potassium?" It emphasizes the importance of the sodium element during the life of plant cells: "Potassium-sodium gradient should prolong the operation riveting in conditions where depleted energy resources confirmation of this fact is the experience with halophytic bacteria that carry very large amounts of potassium and sodium ions to reduce potassium. -natrievy gradient. Such bacteria quickly stopped in the dark under oxygen-free conditions, if in the medium was KCl, and still moving after 9 hours when KCl was replaced with NaCl. The physical meaning of this experiment is that the presence of potassium sodium gradient giving maintain proton potential of the cells of the bacteria and thereby provide them with the movement in the absence of light, ie, when there were no other sources of energy photosynthesis reaction. "

According to experimental data, a current between the metals located in the water and water between metals and increases when dissolved in water, a small amount of baking soda.

Thus, in the system of the metal-water current, voltage at 20 ° C are:

- Between copper and water: current = 0.0007 mA;

voltage = 40 mV ;.

(Copper positively charged, water - negative);

- Between the aluminum and water:

current = 0.012 mA;

voltage = 323 mV.

(Aluminum is negatively charged, water - positive).

The system type metal-soda solution (used 30 grams of baking soda 250 milliliters of boiled water) voltage at a current of 20 ° C are:

- Between copper and soda solution:

current = 0.024 mA;

voltage = 16 mV.

(Positively charged copper, soda solution - negative);

- Between aluminum and sodium carbonate solution:

current = 0.030 mA;

voltage = 240 mV.

(Aluminum is negatively charged, positively-soda solution).

As seen from the above data, the current between the metal and the soda solution increases, becomes greater than that between metal and water. For copper it increases from 0.0007 to 0.024 mA, while for aluminum it increased from 0.012 to 0.030 mA, the voltage in the examples, on the contrary, decreases: copper, from 40 to 16 mV for aluminum and from 323 to 240 mV.

The system-water type metall1 Metal2-current voltage at a temperature of 20 ° C are:

- Between copper and zinc:

current = 0.075 mA;

voltage = 755 mV.

(Copper has a positive charge, zinc - negative);

- Between copper and aluminum:

current = 0.024 mA;

voltage = 370 mV.

(Copper has a positive charge, aluminum - negative).

The system-type metall1 aqueous soda solution - Metal2 where soda solution is used as a solution obtained by dissolving 30 g baking soda in 250 ml of boiled water, current, voltage at 20 ° C are:

- Between copper and zinc:

current = 0.080 mA;

voltage = 160 mV.

(Copper has a positive charge, zinc - negative);

between copper and aluminum:

current = 0.120 mA;

voltage = 271 mV.

(Copper has a positive charge, a negative-aluminum).

measuring voltage, current, conducted simultaneously with measuring devices M-838 and U-4354 M1. As seen from the above data, the current in soda solution became larger between the two metals, than when they are placed in clean water. For copper and zinc, the current increased from 0.075 to 0.080 mA for copper and aluminum, it increased from 0.024 to 0.120 mA. Although in these cases the voltage decreased for copper and zinc from 755 to 160 mV, copper and aluminum from 370 to 271 mV.

As for the electrical properties of the soil [3, p.71], it is known that the electrical conductivity of their ability to conduct current, depends on a variety of factors: humidity, density, temperature, chemical-mineralogical and mechanical composition, structure and properties of the combination of the soil solution . Moreover, if different types of soil density changing 2-3 times, thermal conductivity - 5-10, in which the velocity of propagation of sound waves - a 10-12 times the electrical conductivity - even for the same soil, depending on its momentary status - can be changed in a million times. The fact that it is a complex physico-chemical compound at the same time are elements that have dramatically mismatched conductive properties. Plus the huge role played by biological activity in the soil of hundreds of species of organisms, ranging from bacteria, and ending with a whole range of plant organisms.

The difference of this method from the prior art is considered that the electrical current can be obtained for various kinds of plants to select an appropriate choice of metals introduced, as well as soil composition by selecting, so the optimal value of electrical currents.

This method can be used for land earth stations of various sizes. This method can be applied to individual plants (house plants) and for farmland. It can be used in greenhouses, in the suburban areas. It is suitable for applications in space greenhouses used for space stations, as needs no energy supply from an external power source and independent of the emf induced Earth. It is simple to implement because it does not require special soil nutrition, using any complex components, fertilizers, special electrodes.

When using this method for the amount of acreage insertion of metal plates is calculated from the desired effect of electrical plants, the type of plant, the composition of the soil.

For use in crop area [3, p.115] are invited to 150-200 grams of copper plates and 400 grams of metal plates containing alloys of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, iron, sodium compounds, calcium per 1 square meter. Able to make the percentage metals in the electrochemical series of metals to hydrogen stress necessary anymore since they will be oxidized by contact with the soil solution and the effect of interaction with the metal in the electrochemical series of metals stress after hydrogen. Over time (measured time of the oxidation process of this type of metal being up hydrogen for the soil condition) needed to replenish soil solution such metals.

Using the proposed method provides electrical plant in comparison with existing methods the following advantages:

- The possibility of obtaining various electric currents and potentials for an electrical field stimulation of plant life without summing of electrical energy from external sources, through the use of various metals, introduced into the soil at various soil composition;

- The introduction of metal particles, the plates in the soil can be combined with other processes related to tillage. At the same time put the metal particles, the plates can be without a certain direction;

- The possibility of exposure to weak electrical currents without the use of electrical energy from an external source, for a long time;

- Obtaining plant electrical currents in different directions, without supplying electric power from an external source, depending on the position of metals;

- The effect of electrical stimulation does not depend on the shape of the metal particles used. The soil can be placed metal particles of different shapes: round, square, oblong. These metals can be applied in appropriate proportions in a powder, rods, plates. For acreage serves to put into the ground at a shallow depth, with a certain interval at a distance of 10-30 cm from the 2 cm wide, 3 mm and a length of 40-50 cm arable layer oblong metal plates, metal plates alternating introduction of one type of metal with making other types of metal plates of metal. A much simpler task to make metal crop area if they interfere in the soil in the form of a powder which (this process can be combined with soil plowing) is mixed with the ground. Currents occurring between the particles of the powder consisting of metals of various types will create the effect of electrical stimulation. In this case, the resulting currents are no certain direction. When making this powder can only metals in which the oxidation rate is small, i.e. metals in the electrochemical series of metals stress after hydrogen (compounds of copper, silver). Metals also located in the electrochemical series of metals voltages to hydrogen, it is necessary to make in the form of large particles, plates, since these metals when in contact with soil solution and the effect of interaction with the metal in the electrochemical series of metals stresses after hydrogen will be oxidized, and consequently, by weight, and the data size metal particles should be larger;

- Independent of the method of the electromagnetic field of the earth, the method allows the use of both the small plots for effects on individual plants, for houseplants vital electrostimulation, in electrical plants in greenhouses, in suburban areas, and so on large cultivated areas. This method is suitable for use in the greenhouses used for space stations, because it does not need to use an external electrical energy source and is independent of the emf induced Earth;

- This method is simple to implement because it does not require special soil nutrition, using any complex components, fertilizers, special electrodes.

The use of this method will increase the productivity of crops, frost and drought tolerance of plants to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, use the normal, non-genetically modified agricultural seeds.

This method will prevent the introduction of chemical fertilizers, various chemicals, as emerging currents allow to decompose a number trudnousvoyaemyh substances plants and, therefore, allow the plant to better absorb these substances.

Thus select currents necessary for certain plants empirically, since electrical conductivity even for the same soil, depending on its momentary condition may be varied in millions of times (3, 71), as well as allowing for the supply of plants and greater importance for him of various micro and macro [7, p.85].

Effect of electrical stimulation of plant activity has been confirmed by many researchers both in our country and abroad.

There are studies [3, p.71], showing that an artificial increase in negative charge enhances the root entry in it cations from the soil solution.

It is known that "the ground of grass, shrubs and trees can be considered consumers atmospheric charges As for the other plants pole -. Its root system, then it positively affect the negative air ions have put a positively charged rod to prove the researchers between the roots of a tomato -. Electrode" puller "negative air ions from soil Harvest tomatoes once grew in 1.5 times. in addition, it was found that in soil with high organic matter content greater accumulated negative charges. in this and see one of the reasons for the growth of crops.

A significant stimulating effect have weak direct currents when they are directly passed through the plant root zone in which is placed a negative electrode. Linear growth of stems thus increased by 5-30%. Such a method is very efficient in terms of energy, security and the environment After the powerful field can have a negative impact on soil microflora. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of weak fields investigated totally inadequate "[3, p.105].

The created electrical currents will increase the frost and drought tolerance of plants [3, pp. 145-147].

As stated in the source [. 3, page 145] "More recently, it became known that electricity is supplied directly to the root zone of plants, can alleviate their plight during drought due to long-unresolved physiological effect in 1983 in the United States and Polson.. K. Verviers published an article dedicated to the transport of water in plants under stress. Here they describe the experience, when the beans are subjected to air drought, applied electrical potential gradient of 1 V / cm. in this case, if the positive pole is located on the plant, and the negative on the ground, the plants withered, and stronger than in the control. If the polarity was reversed, wilting were observed. in addition, the plant is dormant, out of it quickly if their potential was negative, and ground potential is positive. When reverse polarity of the plant does not rest out as died from dehydration, because the bean plants were under an air drought.

Around the same years at the Smolensk branch of the TAA in the laboratory dealing with the effectiveness of electrical stimulation, noticed that when exposed to shock the plants grow better with a deficit of moisture, but special experiments had not been set, other tasks.

In 1986, a similar effect of electrical stimulation at low soil moisture found in the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev [3, p.146]. At the same time, they used an external DC power source.

In a few other modifications due to a different reception create an electric potential difference in the nutrient substrate (without an external power source) experiment was carried out at the Smolensk branch of the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev [3, p.147]. The result was truly amazing. Peas are grown at optimal moisture (70% of field capacity) and extreme (35% of field capacity). Moreover, this method was much more efficient action of an external power source under the same conditions. As it turned out?

At less than half the moisture content of pea plants for a long time does not rise on day 14 had a height of only 8 cm. They looked very depressed. When in such extreme conditions the plants were under the influence of a small difference in electrochemical potentials, there was a completely different picture. And germination and growth, and the general appearance of despite the deficiency of moisture, does not substantially differ from the control which grew at optimum moisture on the 14th day they had a height of 24.6 cm, which is only 0.5 cm lower than the control.

Further, the source [3] said: "Naturally, the question arises - what is the reserve lies a hardy plant, what is the role of electricity answer is no, there is only the first assumption otgadka?." Addiction "to the electricity plant will help to find further experiments.

But the fact is the case, and it certainly should be used for practical purposes. It is used for irrigation of crops spend enormous amounts of water and energy for its submission to the fields. A is possible to do much more economical way. This is not easy, but nevertheless, I think, close to the time when the electricity will help to carry out irrigation of crops without irrigation. "

The effect of electrical stimulation of plants tested not only in our country but also in many other countries. For example, [3, p.77] in "a Canadian review article published in 1960. It was noted that in the Arctic with barley electrostimulation observed acceleration of growth by 37% at the end of the last century. Potatoes, carrots, celery allowed yield by 30-70% higher than the normal Electrical grain in the field increase the yield by 45-55%, raspberry -. 95%. " "The experiments were repeated in different climatic zones of Finland to the South of France With abundant moisture and good fertilization carrot yields grew by 125%, peas -. 75%, sugar beet increased by 15%."

A prominent Soviet biologist, honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR IV Michurin missed a certain current strength through the soil in which the seedling grew. And make sure: this accelerated growth and improved quality of planting material. Summing up his work, he wrote, "The solid support for growing new varieties of apple gives an introduction into the soil of liquid from poultry manure fertilizer mixed with nitrogen and other fertilizers, such as Chilean nitrate and tomasshlak. In particular, this fertilizer gives amazing results if expose the ridge with electrification plants, provided that the voltage would not exceed two volts. More high currents, in my experience, most are harmful in this business than good. " And further: "A particularly strong effect in the luxury development of young seedlings of grapes produces the electrification of the ridges."

Much done on improving the methods of electrifying the soil and determine their effectiveness GM Rameka what he said in his book "Influence of power on the ground", which appeared in Kiev in 1911 [3, p.78].

In another case, [3, p.115] describes the use of the electrification method, when the electrode had a potential difference of 23-35 mV, and between moist soil through an electric circuit through which a constant current density flowed from 4 to 6 mA / cm ² anode. Drawing conclusions the authors of report: "Walking through the soil solution either through the electrolyte, the current support in the fertile layer of the process of electrophoresis and electrolysis, so plants need chemical soil pass from trudnousvoyaemyh in digestible form. In addition, under the influence of an electric current all plant residues , weed seeds, dead animals of humified faster, which leads to an increase of soil fertility. "

In this embodiment, the electrification of the soil (the method of E. Pilsudski) very high grain yield increase was obtained - up to 7 kg / ha [3, p.115].

Definitely a step in determining the outcome of electricity direct action on the root system, and through it to the whole plant, on the physico-chemical changes in the soil made the Leningrad scientists (3, p.109). They passed through the nutrient solution in which the corn seedlings were placed, small direct electric current using chemically inert platinum electrodes value 7.5 mA / cm ^2.

During their experiments they obtained the following findings: "Transmission of a weak electric current through the nutrient solution, which is immersed in the root system of corn seedlings, stimulates the uptake of potassium ions and nitrate nitrogen by plants from the nutrient solution."

When conducting similar experiments with cucumbers, through the root system which is immersed in the nutrient solution, as passed current 5-7 mA / cm ^2, the conclusion was so well received that the work of the root system with electrostimulation improved.

The Armenian Research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture used electricity to stimulate the tobacco plants. We studied a wide range of current densities, transmitted in the cross section of the root zone. In alternating current was 0.1; 0.5; 1.0, 1.6; 2.0; 2.5; 3.2 and 4.0 A / m ^2; in DC - 0.005; 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.075; 0.1; 0.125 and 0.15 A / m ^2. As a nutrient substrate, a mixture consisting of 50% of the black soil, 25% of humus and 25% sand. Most were optimal current density of 2.5 A / m ² for AC and 0.1 A / m ² for a permanent electricity while continuously feeding for six weeks.

Subjected to electrification and tomatoes. The experimenters created in the root zone of a constant electric field. Plants have evolved much faster than the control, especially in the budding stage. They had greater leaf area, increased activity of the enzyme peroxidase, intensified breathing. As a result, yield increase was 52%, and this happened mainly due to the increase in the size of the fruits and their number per plant.

Similar experiments, as already mentioned, and spent IV Michurin. He noticed that the constant current flowing through the soil, and has beneficial effects on the fruit trees. In this case, they quickly pass "children" (Scientists say "juvenile"), stage of development, increasing their hardiness and resistance to other adverse environmental factors, resulting in increased productivity. Once through the soil in which grow the young coniferous and deciduous trees, continuously, for a light period of the day passed a constant current in their lives took place a number of notable events. In June and July experienced trees differed more intense photosynthesis that was the result of stimulation of electricity soil biological activity growth, increase the speed of soil ions, better absorption of plant root systems. Moreover, the current flowing in the soil, creating a large potential difference between plants and the atmosphere. And this is, as already mentioned, a factor in itself favorable for trees, especially young ones.

In a corresponding experiment carried out under the film cover, with continuous transmission DC phytomass year seedlings of pine and larch increased by 40-42%. "If this pace of growth to continue for several years, it is easy to imagine what a huge advantage it would have turned out for the logging," - this conclusion do the authors [3, p.112].

As for the question about the reasons due to which increases the frost and drought tolerance of plants, the following data can be presented on this occasion. It is known that the most "cold-resistant plants lay in a supply of fats, while others accumulate large amounts of sugar" [7, p. 133]. From the above facts it can be concluded that the electrical plant contributes to the accumulation of fat, sugar in plants and thus increases their frost. The accumulation of these substances is dependent on the metabolic rate of its flow in the plant. Thus, the effect of electrical activity of plants contributed to an increase in the plant metabolism, and, consequently, in accumulation of fat and sugar plant, thereby increasing their resistance to frost.

As drought resistance, it is known that to improve drought tolerance of plants today use a method preplant plants quenching (Method is a single soaking the seeds in water, after which they were held for two days, and then dried in air to air-dry state) [7, pp. 129]. Wheat seed is given 45% of their weight of water, sunflower - 60%, etc.)... Past process of tempering seeds do not lose germination, and of them grow more drought-resistant plants. Hardened plants are characterized by high viscosity and hydration of the cytoplasm, are more intense metabolism (respiration, photosynthesis, enzyme activity), remain at a higher level of synthetic reactions, characterized by a high content of RNA that quickly restores the normal course of physiological processes after the drought. They have a smaller water scarcity and higher water content during drought. Cells their smaller area of ​​the sheet but greater than that of unhardened plants. Hardened plants in drought conditions bring higher yields. Many hardened plants observed stimulus effect, ie even in the absence of drought their higher growth and productivity.

This observation leads to the conclusion that in the electrical plant this plant takes on the properties of the kind that becomes a plant, the elapsed method preplant hardening. As a result, this plant has high viscosity and hydration of the cytoplasm is more intense metabolism (respiration, photosynthesis, enzyme activity), retains a higher level of synthetic reactions, characterized by a high content of ribonucleic acid, a rapid recovery of the normal course of physiological processes after the drought.

Proof of this fact can serve as evidence that the leaf area of ​​plants under the influence of electrical stimulation, as shown by experiments, so much more leaf area plant control samples.

List of figures, drawings and other materials.

	1 schematically depicts the results of an experiment conducted with a potted plant type "violets" within 7 months from April to October 1997 In this case, under "A" shows a prototype (2) and control (1) samples before the experiment . View these plants is almost no different. Under "B" shows a prototype (2) and control plants (1), seven months after the soil the plants were placed experienced particles metals: copper shavings and aluminum foil. As can be seen from the above observations, the kind of the test plants were changed. View the control plants remained virtually unchanged.
	2 schematically shows kinds of various types of metal introduced into the soil particles, plates, used by the author in experiments on electrical plant. Thus under "A" shows the type of metal introduced in the form of plates: 20 cm long, 1 cm wide, 0.5 mm thick. Under "B" shows the type of insertion of metal in the form of plates 3 × 2 cm, 3 × 4 cm. Under "B" shows the type of insertion of metal in the form of "stars" 2 × 3 cm 2 × 2 cm and a thickness of 0.25 mm. Under "D" shows the type of insertion of metal in the form of circles with a diameter of 2 cm, thickness 0.25 mm. Under "D" shows the type of insertion of metal in the form of powder. For practical use, introduced into the soil types of the metal plates, the particles may be of very different sizes and configurations.
	Figure 3 shows a lemon seedlings and view its sheeting (his age was at the time of summing up the results of 2 years of the experiment). In the soil of the seedling approximately 9 months after planting placed metal particles: copper plates form "Stars" (Form "B" 2), and aluminum plates of type "A", "B" (Figure 2). After that, 11 months after his landing, sometimes 14 months after planting (ie shortly before the sketches of lemon, a month before summarizing experimental results), regularly lemon soil when watering was added baking soda (30 g soda to 1 liter of water ).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This method of electrical plants was tested in practice - used for electrical houseplant "violets".

So, there were two plants, two "violets" of the same type, which grew in the same conditions on the windowsill in the room. Then, in one of them, one of them soil were placed a small metal particles - copper shavings and aluminum foil. Six months after that, namely seven months (the experiment was carried out from April to October 1997). difference in the development of these plants, indoor plants, it became noticeable. If a control sample of leaves and stem structure remained practically unchanged, then the prototype leaves the stems become thicker, the leaves themselves have become larger and juicier, they are more sought-up, while the control sample of such a pronounced desire leaves up was observed. The leaves of the prototype have been resilient and are raised above the ground. The plant looked more healthy. In control plant leaves were almost near the ground. The difference in the development of these plants was observed even in the first few months. In this case the fertilizer into the soil of the test plants are not added. 1 shows the view of an experienced (2) and the control (1) to a plant (point "A") and after (point "B") experiment.

A similar experiment was conducted with other plants - fruit-bearing fig tree (fig tree) that grows in the room. This plant had a height of about 70 cm., It was growing in a plastic bucket of 5 liters, on the windowsill, at a temperature of 18-20 ° C. After flowering it bear fruit and the fruit did not reach the state of maturity, they fell back immature - they were a greenish color.

As an experiment, the soil habitat of the plant were introduced following the metal particles, the metal plate:

- Aluminum plate of 20 cm long, 1 cm wide, 0.5 mm thick (Type "A" 2) in an amount of 5 pieces. They were arranged uniformly over the entire length and circumference of the pot placed on the whole of its depth;

- Small copper, iron plates (3 × 2 cm × 4 cm 3) in an amount of 5 pieces (Type "B", Figure 2), which were placed at a shallow depth near the surface;

- A small amount of copper powder in an amount of about 6 grams (Form "A", 2) are uniformly introduced into the surface layer of the soil.

After making the soil growing figs these metal particles, plate this tree which is in the same plastic bucket, in the same soil, when fruiting was given quite ripe fruit mature burgundy, with certain taste. In this case the fertilizer into the soil has not been amended. The observations were made within 6 months.

A similar experiment was conducted with lemon seedlings for about 2 years since its introduction in the soil (The experiment was conducted in the summer of 1999 to autumn 2001).

At the beginning of its development, when a lemon in the form of the cutting was planted in a clay pot and developed in its soil have been made to the metal particles, fertilizers. Then after about 9 months after planting in the soil of the seedling were placed metal particles, copper plasteel form "B" (Figure 2) and the aluminum, iron plates of type "A", "B" (Figure 2).

After that, 11 months after his landing, sometimes 14 months after planting (ie shortly before the sketches of lemon, a month before summarizing experimental results), regularly lemon soil when watering was added baking soda (based on 30 grams of soda per 1 liter water). In addition, the soda was entered directly into the soil. Thus lemon growing in soil were still metallic particles: aluminum, iron, copper plate. Were they in a different order, uniformly filling the entire volume of soil.

Such action effect finding metal particles in the soil caused in this case the effect of electrostimulation, obtained by reacting metallic particle with the soil solution, and and introduction into the soda soil and watering the plants with water and dissolved soda, could be observed directly in appearance developing lemon .

Thus, leaves, branches located on lemon corresponding to its initial development (Figure 3, right branch lemon) when developed during its growth and metal particles into the soil is not added, we had a size from the base to the tip of the sheet 7.2 to 10 cm. the leaves are also developing on the other side of the lemon branches corresponding to its present development, that is, such a period, when the soil lemon were metal particles and watered it with baking soda dissolved, have dimensions of the sheet base to the tip of his 16.2 cm (3, extreme top sheet on the left branch), 15 cm and 13 cm (Figure 3, the penultimate sheets on the left leg). Recent evidence leaf size (see 15 and 13) correspond to this period of development, when lemon watered with ordinary water, and sometimes periodically and diluted with water and soda, with metal plates located in the soil. Marked leaves were different from the first leaves of the right branch of the initial development of the size of a lemon, not only in length - they are wider. In addition, they had a peculiar luster, while the first branch of the leaves, the right branch of the initial development of the lemon have a matte finish. Especially the brilliance was shown in the sheet size of 16.2 cm, that is, of the sheet corresponding to the period of the lemon when it constantly for a month pour water with baking soda dissolved in the soil with metal particles.

Image of lemon placed on the 3.

These observations suggest a possible manifestation of these effects in natural conditions. So, as of vegetation growing on the given site area, you can determine the status of the next layer of soil. If in the area forest grows dense and higher than in other places, or grass in this place more juicy and thick, then it can be concluded in this case that perhaps at the site area there are deposits of metallic ores that are near from the surface. They create an electric effect a beneficial effect on the development of plants in the area.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Application for opening number FROM RH 6 from 07.03.1997, the "property changes of hydrogen indicator of water in contact with metals it" - 31 liters.

2. Additional materials to the description of the opening number from 0V 6 on 07.03.1997, at the section III "Area of ​​scientific and practical use of the discovery." - March 2001, 31 liters.

3. Gordeev AM, Sheshnev VB Electricity in living plants. - M .: Nauka, 1991. - 160 p.

4. Hodakov Y. Epstein DA Gloriozov PA Inorganic chemistry: Proc. for 9 cells. environments. wk. - M .: Education, 1988 - 176 p.

5. Berkinblig MB, EG Glagoleva Electricity in living organisms. - M .: Nauka. Ch. Ed - nat. - Mat. lit., 1988. -. 288. (B-PFA "Quantum"; vyp.69).

6. Skulachev VP Stories about bioenergy. - M .: Young Guard, 1982.

7. Henkel PA Plant Physiology: Proc. Benefit elective. IX exchange rate for the cells. - 3rd ed., Revised. - M .: Education, 1985. - 175 p.

CLAIM

1. A method of electrical activity of plants comprising introducing metals into soil, characterized in that the soil to a depth of convenient for further processing, with a certain interval in respective proportions to make the metal particles in the form of powder, rods, plates of various shapes and configurations, made of metals of different kinds and their alloys, distinguished by their ratio to hydrogen in the electrochemical series of metals voltages alternating introducing metal particles of one metal type with the introduction of metal particles of another type, given the composition of the soil and the type of plant, and the value resulting currents will be within parameters of electric current, the optimum for electrical plants.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that for larger currents elektorostimulyatsii plants and its efficacy at the corresponding metals placed into the soil before sowing plant watering sprinkled baking soda 150-200 g / m ² or watering crops directly dissolved soda water in proportions of 25-30 g / l water.

print version
Publication date 04.03.2007gg

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