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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2292700

METHOD OF PRE-TREATMENT OF SEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The name of the inventor: Stepanova Lidiya Pavlovna (RU); Samarina Angelina Alekseevna (RU); Kononov Evgeniy Vladimirovich
The name of the patent holder: Federal State Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education "Orel State Agrarian University" (FSEI HPE Orel GAU)
Address for correspondence: 302019, Orel, ul. Gene. Rodina, 69, Orel of GAU
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.08.22

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for presowing seed treatment of crops. The treatment of seeds is carried out by the screening of salt aluminum slag in an amount of 50 kg per 1 ton of seeds in a dry or semi-moist manner, while during dry processing the seeds are dusted with screenings of salt aluminum slag and mixed, and with a semi-moist method a suspension of 20 liters of water and 50 kg of dropping Aluminum slag and mix. The invention makes it possible to increase the energy of germination and the germination of seeds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for presowing seed treatment of crops.

Methods for presowing seed treatment of agricultural crops using pesticides (dry and wet dressing), use of microfertilizers and growth promoters, seed irradiation, etc. are known. [OR MAJP RB 0215-96. Presowing treatment of seeds. Typical technological processes: Introduction. 1996-01-03. The use of chemicals in plant growing: Sat. Industry regulations. - Minsk, 1997. - P.3-24].

The disadvantage of these methods is the need to use sources of electromagnetic radiation, pesticides and the creation of hazardous production conditions for human and animal life, high energy costs and the cost of acquiring, transporting pesticides and microfertilizers, biostimulants and personal protective equipment.

The object of the invention is to increase seed germination, reduce the cost of seed treatment, increase the yield of agricultural crops, and create safe production conditions.

This object is achieved due to the fact that in the known method of presowing seed treatment, that the seeds are treated with chemical means, according to the invention, a salt slag of aluminum slag in the amount of 50 kg per 1 ton of seeds is used as a chemical, and the seeds are treated with a dry and semi-moist In a dry process, the seeds are dusted with screenings of salt aluminum slag and mixed, and with a semi-moist method, a suspension of 20 liters of water and 50 kg of slag of aluminum slag is applied to the seeds and mixed.

Salt slag of aluminum slag is classified as Class IV of low-hazardous substances in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 "Harmful substances in industry. Classification and general requirements. "

Sections of salt aluminum slag of Mtsensk metallurgical plant OJSC "Non-ferrous metals and alloys" are characterized by the following indicators. Physicochemical properties of screenings of salt aluminum slag:

1. Aggregate state - bulk material, fractions 3 mm.

2. Color - light gray.

3. Smell - specific.

4. Hydrogen index of water extract - pH 8.

5. The main phases are potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ), silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ).

For the implementation of the method, experiments were conducted in laboratory and field conditions in fourfold repetition with the example of barley seeds, peas, buckwheat, clover.

Seeds of agricultural plants under laboratory conditions were treated by dusting with a fraction of <0.25 mm of slag in a dry and semi-moist manner. The control variant was not subjected to treatment. The experiments were conducted in 2004-2005.

Scheme for the use of slag waste on seeds of agricultural crops in laboratory and field conditions.

1. Experience - control.

2. Experience - dry dusting of seeds of agricultural plants with a slag of 50 kg per 1 ton of seeds.

3. Experience - a semi-moist method of seed treatment with a suspension of 20 liters of water and 50 kg of slag per 1 ton of seeds.

The effectiveness of the use of slag wastes on seeds of agricultural crops was assessed by the energy of germination, germination, the biometric characteristics of seedlings, the reliability factor.

The determination of laboratory germination was carried out in accordance with GOST-12038-84.

Field research was carried out according to the methodology of state inspection. After the emergence of shoots, the number of sprouts per m ^{2 was} counted.

Example 1

To process one ton of seeds of peas, clover, buckwheat, barley by dry dusting, 50 kg of salt aluminum slag was taken, the fraction <0.25 mm. On a concrete site, seeds and slag were thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous coating was established on the seeds. The processed seeds were germinated in the vegetation in moist sand and paper rolls, according to GOST. Control served as seeds, untreated slag.

Example 2

To process one ton of seeds of peas, clover, buckwheat, barley, 50 kg of salt aluminum slag was taken as a semi-moist method of processing, fraction <0.25 mm and 20 l of water. The prepared suspension was applied to the seeds by mixing until a uniform coating was established on the seeds. The treated seeds were dried and sprouted in vegetation in wet sand and rolls of paper, according to GOST. Control served as seeds, moistened with water and dried.

Analyzing the data presented in Table 1, it can be concluded that the presowing treatment of seeds with slag by dry dusting and a semi-moist method increases their sowing qualities.

For example, the following was noted: on pea, the germination energy increased in comparison with the control by 10.5% and amounted to 87.00%, the germination rate was 96.62%; On barley the germination energy was slightly below the control and was 83.75%, and the germination index increased significantly in comparison with the control by 4% and amounted to 96.25%; On buckwheat germination energy slightly increased in comparison with the control and was 90.62%, and the germination value was higher by 2.13% and amounted to 93.75%; On the clover the germination energy was 69.50%, which is 6.63% higher in comparison with the control, the germination rate increased by 10.38% and amounted to 82.75%.

Table 2 shows the dry and raw biomass of seedlings, the coefficient of reliability of the estimated indicators of seed quality.

From the data in Table 2, it is seen that the biomass of buckwheat seedlings, clover is growing by 2.74 and 0.25 g in comparison with the control, dry biomass indicators and naturally increased, which confirms the increase in the growth force of the treated seeds.

Indicators of theoretical germination with a dry dusting and a semi-moist method of processing seeds of agricultural crops with aluminum slag are increased in comparison with the control. Thus, the theoretical germination rate increased by 0.25% on peas, on buckwheat by 4%, on clover by 6.82% in comparison with the control.

The parameters of the theoretical germination of the cultures under study under semi-moist treatment were the following: peas - 98.70%, which is 0.90% lower than the control; Barley - 99.95%; Buckwheat - 98.3, which is 4.7% higher in comparison with the control; Clover - 82,05, which is 8,29% higher in comparison with the control.

The reliability factor for dry dusting was the highest in buckwheat 1.03, on peas and clover - 0.94, which is 0.08 higher than in control. On barley, this coefficient was 0.37.

The highest reliability factor for semi-wet processing was found in buckwheat 1.18.

Studies have established that seeds treated with slag provide an increase in yield by 5-12%.

The obtained results convincingly show the effect of aluminum waste screenings on the seed quality of the seeds of the studied agricultural crops. The use of various evaluation indicators has proved the effectiveness of seed treatment before slag planting in both a dry and semi-moist way, which allows predicting future yields.

Thus, the proposed method of presowing seed treatment by screenings of aluminum slag allows to increase the germination energy and seed germination, which influence the field germination and are the decisive factor of reliability in the formation of high crop yields.

CLAIM

A method for presowing seed treatment, which involves treating seeds with a chemical agent, characterized in that as a chemical means, screenings of salt aluminum slag in the amount of 50 kg per 1 ton of seeds are used and seed treatment is carried out in a dry or semi-moist manner, Aluminum slag and mixed, and with a semi-moist method, a suspension of 20 liters of water and 50 kg of slag of aluminum slag is applied to seeds and mixed.

print version
Date of publication 05.03.2007gg

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