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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2011325
METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT OF FODDER COINS
The name of the inventor: Stepanov A.F.
The name of the patent owner: Stepanov Alexander Fedorovich
Address for correspondence:
Date of commencement of the patent: 1991.03.05
Use: in agriculture. The method involves cutting the sod into strips to the depth of the seeding. The seeds are sown in the section of the sod and simultaneously fertilize to the side and deeper from the seeding line of the seeds. Then the cut of the sod is rolled up.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(EN) The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in meadow meadows and old - growth sowings of perennial grasses.
A method for improving the forage lands is known, including the sowing of perennial grasses in sod with grain or grain-seed drills with disc coulters. The disadvantage of this method is that, when sowing, the double-disc coulters do not cut through the grass meadow, and the seeds of perennial grasses are sown on its surface or in the surface dry layer of the soil. In addition, with this sowing, the seeds of grasses are not covered with soil, they do not germinate for a long time, and the resulting shoots, as a result of their depressions by the plants of the natural grass stand, are considerably thinned and grow very slowly. The species preserved after sowing do not significantly affect the improvement of the botanical composition and increase the productivity of the improved grass stand. This way of sowing grasses does not allow the mineral fertilizers to be introduced into the soil to a given depth.
Known and a method that includes preliminary cutting of the sod with disk or milling tools, and then sowing perennial grasses. However, this method is not applicable to all meadows and old-growth crops of perennial grasses, but only to those whose grass stands are capable of rejuvenation, i.e., with predominance in them of cereal rhizome and rhizome-loamy bush, legume-root-cropping species. In addition, surface treatments contribute to the drying of the soil, the manifestation of water and wind erosion, are not applicable on the slopes and in the first two years lead to a decrease in yield and overgrowth by weeds of the improved forage.
The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a method including cutting the sod into strips, sowing grasses, applying fertilizers followed by their wrapping and packing. Nevertheless, this method does not ensure an even distribution of seeds and fertilizers by fodder, sealing them at optimal depth, obtaining amicable and complete shoots, and as a result of the formation of a good highly productive herbage. In addition, wrapping 50% of the area of the strips of the sod leads to a disruption of the meadow's surface, causing water and wind erosion, contributing to increased evaporation of moisture.
The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of fodder land and reduce soil erosion.
The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of improving the forage lands, including cutting the sod into strips, sowing seeds, applying mineral fertilizers and packing, cutting the sod lead to the depth of seeding. Sowing seeds are carried out in a section of the sod with simultaneous application of fertilizers to the side and deeper from the seeding line of seeds, after which the rolling of the sod cut is carried out.
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In Fig. 1 shows a section before sowing; In Fig. 2 - section of the sod into the depth of the seeding; In Fig. 3 - sowing seeds 1 with fertilization in the sides and deeper from the seeding line; In Fig. 4 - view of the site after packing.
For the implementation of the method, serial seeders with double disc coulters are used, ahead of which, and strictly against them, vertically set disc knives, which cut the sod at the optimal depth of the seal for a certain type of grass seed. Beyond the disc blades in front of the coulters, special devices are fixed, allowing mineral fertilizers to be drilled from the fertilizer box of the seed drill simultaneously with the sowing of the herb seeds, to the side and deeper from the seeding line of the seeds. Sowing of grass seeds is carried out from the seed box through the double-disc coulters strictly to the central part of the cut. After the sowing of the grasses and the introduction of mineral fertilizers into the section of the sod, it is rolled up with special ribbed rollers that follow the coulters in the same unit.
Example 1 . In order to improve the natural fodder lands with grass-grass grass in spring, in the case of physical ripeness of the soil (April 20-25), the bean-grass mixture is sowing: sweet Siberian (8 kg / ha), aldergrass flora (8 kg / ha), rump Siberian SibNIIShoza 189 (15 kg / ha) and gray grass Omich (12 kg / ha). For the sowing of grasses and the application of fertilizers, the serial grain seeders used in the above described method are used. Seeds of grass fall asleep in the seed box, mineral fertilizers - in the fat. When the machine moves, the disk knives cut the sod into the depth of the seeding of perennial grasses (up to 4 cm) and make cuts on the surface of the meadow with a distance between them of 15 cm (Fig. 2). Following the disk knives, special devices are introduced along the cuts of the sod, introducing mineral fertilizers (N 60 P 60 K 60 ) from the fertilizer box to the side by 2-4 cm and deeper by 3-5 cm from the seeding line (Fig. 3). Seeds are sown from the seed box, followed by two-disk coulters in the center of the sod cut. Cuttings of sod are wrapped with ribbed rolls, which, showering their edges, well cover the seeds of grass with soil. The grooves formed as a result of rolling on the site of the cut allow the accumulation of atmospheric precipitation, surface runoff of water and the supply of plants not only with moisture, but also with nutrients of the introduced fertilizers, as a result of their better solubility due to increased humidity in the undercutting zone.
The sown perennial grasses according to the proposed method grow rapidly and by the time of mowing the grass stand of the improved land they form a sufficiently high yield of fodder and, along with the native species, their root system and the root of the sod are well fixed (Table 1).
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Example 2 . To increase the productivity of old-growth crops of rumpless (5th year of life) rump in the spring, according to the proposed method, alfalfa of the variegated Flora variety with a seeding rate of 10 kg / ha is applied and mineral fertilizers N 60 P 60 K 60 are introduced. The grass is mowed at an altitude of 4-6 cm two times during the growing season: the first cut on June 15-25, the second on August 10-20. Sowing and fertilization allowed to improve the botanical composition of the herbage, increase its productivity and extend the period of economic use to 8 years (Table 2).
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The use of the proposed method makes it possible to improve the species composition and increase the productivity of the improved forage, to avoid disturbance of the sod and to prevent the manifestation of water and wind erosion of the soil, since the sown species, having an independent zone of growth well-endowed with moisture and nutrients, and in which competitiveness is reduced, As a result of partial cropping of roots growing on the forage lands of plants, are actively growing and in the crop year they form a highly productive herbage. In addition, the use of the method allows not only to increase the yield, to reduce erosion, but also to prolong the productive longevity of the grass stand and to create conditions for economical use of nutrients, fertilizers and soil moisture reserves, increase the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce their losses from the soil and reduce consumption, and And reduces the contamination of crops and the risk of environmental pollution.
The method is applicable to fodder lands with any species composition of the grass stand and the terrain, we will implement the agricultural machines available in production. In addition, at low power inputs (aggregation with a tractor of 1.4 kN class), the unit ensures high quality of seed sowing, fertilization and efficiency of improving the forage lands.
CLAIM
METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT OF FODDER CALCULATORS, including cutting of sod into strips, sowing seeds, application of mineral fertilizers and packing, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of fodder land and reduce soil erosion, the cutting of sod leads to the depth of seeding, seed sowing is carried out in Section of the sod with simultaneous application of fertilizers to the side and deeper from the seeding line of seeds, after which the cut of the sod cut is carried.
print version
Date of publication 06.03.2007гг
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