Start of section
Production, amateur
Radio amateurs
Aircraft model, rocket-model
Useful, entertaining 		Stealth Master
Electronics
Physics
Technologies
Inventions 		Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth
Secrets of the Ocean
Tricks
Map of section
Start
Forum
Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks)

Navigation: =>

Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back /

THERMAL DEVICES, DEVICES FOR HEATING LIQUID MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2174045

ROTARY CAVITATION EQUIPMENT

ROTARY CAVITATION EQUIPMENT

The name of the inventor: Melekhin Yu.I .; Belyaev A.V.
The name of the patent holder: LLC "Technology in Siberia"
Address for correspondence: 630049, Novosibirsk-49, PO Box 277, LLC "Technologies in Siberia"
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.03.23

The invention relates to devices for creating artificial cavitation in liquid media with the aim of using the emerging cavitation effects for the intensification of various physicochemical processes. The apparatus comprises a housing forming a working chamber in which a stator and a rotor are mounted on the drive shaft. The stator and the rotor consist of disks. The first rotor disk is provided with radial blades located at an angle to its plane. The second disk of the rotor, located between the stator disks, is equipped with radial blades, the front part of which is made in the form of a wedge, and the rear one in the form of a parallelepiped with radial grooves on its lateral faces. The stator discs have slits. In the slots of the second stator disk, a core of triangular cross section is installed. The device allows to increase efficiency and productivity of activation of physical and chemical processes, and can be used for disinfection of sewage and fecal water, decontamination of liquid radioactive waste and generation of thermal energy.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices for creating artificial cavitation with the purpose of using the emerging cavitation effects for the intensification of physicochemical processes in various industries, for example, chemical, food, biochemical, etc.

In addition, the device can be used for disinfection and decontamination of liquids, but also as a compact source of heat in any area of ​​the national economy.

A rotary activator of physicochemical processes is known that uses the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation created in a closed chamber filled with working fluid [1]. The stator is installed in the chamber and the rotor is rotated on the drive shaft, when rotation of the rotor as a result of the interaction of the stator and the rotor with the working medium, cavitation phenomena occur, accompanied by local, significant increases in temperature and pressure, which are the initiating factors of various physicochemical processes.

The disadvantages of this device are low productivity and relatively low activation efficiency, especially for energy-intensive technological processes, caused by significant energy losses for dissipative phenomena - hydraulic friction, overcoming of hydrodynamic resistance of the environment, etc.

A rotary cavitational activator is known in which the cavitation regime is created in an intense ultrasonic field excited in a liquid medium [2].

A known activator consists of at least two working chambers, the first of which has an inlet for supplying a working medium, in the second, an output one. In each chamber a rotor is installed on the drive shaft, which is a rotor of the centrifugal pump. A ring with holes is fixed along the circumference of the impeller. The stator is made in the form of a ring concentric with the rotor with holes opposite the holes in the rotor ring.

When the rotor rotates, the working fluid is supplied by the centrifugal pump wheel to its outlet and passes through the holes in the rotor and stator rings, which periodically overlap.

When the holes are closed, the pressure in the chamber rises to a certain maximum value determined by the head of the fluid at the inlet and the head of the pump, i.e. its power, upon opening - falls to the minimum value determined by the required flow rate, i.e. Performance of the device. Thus, when the device is operating in a working environment, an alternating field of pressures is excited and propagated. sound.

The sound frequency f = N · n, where N is the number of holes in the rings of the rotor and, respectively, the stator; N is the angular velocity of the rotor.

Sound intensity ~ P 2 where p = p (max) -p (min) is the pressure drop occurring in the chamber during periodic closing and opening of the holes.

In the known device, N, n and p are selected in such a way that an ultrasound is excited in the working medium, the intensity of which is sufficient to cause cavitation phenomena in the medium whose effects (local pressure and temperature increases, ionization of the particles of the medium, etc.) activate the necessary Physical and chemical processes.

The disadvantages of the known device are the limited efficiency of the activation of physical and chemical processes and the performance of the device, due to the following reasons.

It is known (see, for example, LD Landau, AI Akhiezer, EM Lifshits, "The Course in General Physics," M., 1965) that cavitation limits the intensity of ultrasound in a liquid medium. In the known device, an increase in ultrasound intensity is associated with an increase in the pressure drop p (max) -p (min) in the working chamber, which in turn leads to an increase in the power of the centrifugal pump or the number of sequentially operating devices (as suggested by the author). Both of these methods lead to an increase in size, mass, power consumption and cost of the device.

Moreover, the increase in ultrasound intensity in the known device by said extensive means is limited by the fact that, in its operation in the gap between the rotor and stator rings, already at relatively low rotational speeds of the rotor, hydrodynamic cavitation arises that limits the intensity of the generated ultrasound. This limitation leads to the fact that the intensity of the cavitation phenomena and, accordingly, the activation efficiency in the known device practically does not exceed the efficiency of the known hydrodynamic activators.

And it is known that the activation efficiency increases with increasing ultrasound frequency, the value of which in the known device depends, as shown above, on the speed of rotation of the rotor and the number of holes in the rings of the rotor and stator. Modern technological capabilities make it possible to manufacture a known device of practical dimensions with N 100 and n 200 rev / s, which provides an ultrasound with a frequency f 20 kHz. Ultrasounds of this frequency do not allow achieving high values ​​of activation efficiency and productivity.

In addition, in the known device, the intensity of ultrasound is unstable and significantly depends on the head of the working fluid at the input and the speed mode of the rotor, which worsens the activation quality and creates certain operational problems associated with the need for monitoring and adjustment of operating modes.

Another drawback is due to the fact that, along with fluctuations in the ultrasonic frequency, the device generates a sufficiently intense noise in the audible frequency range, which is not harmful to the health of the attendants and others.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly effective cavitation apparatus for activating various physicochemical processes in liquid media partially or completely devoid of the above disadvantages.

This goal is achieved in that in a known rotary cavitation apparatus comprising a housing with an inlet and outlet for working fluid forming a working chamber in which a stator is arranged and on a rotor shaft, the latter consist of disks arranged along the symmetry axis of the chamber in turn in Direction of input-output. The first rotor disk, which is the discharge wheel of the axial pump, is provided with radial blades located at an angle to its plane, the second rotor disk installed between the stator disks has at least two radial cutting blades disposed in the plane of the disk, The forward part of the blade in the course of rotation is made in the form of a wedge, and the posterior part in the form of a parallelepiped with radial grooves on its lateral faces. The stator disks are equipped with radial slots, which in the second disk are made tapering to its planes. Inside the slot of the second stator disc along the symmetry axis of the slot, a radial core of triangular cross section is installed, one of whose vertices lies in the plane of the disk adjacent to the rotor blades. In addition, radial grooves are made on the planes of the stator disks adjacent to the rotor blades. The radial blades and blades of the rotor, the slots and grooves in the stator disks are evenly distributed along the circumferences of the disks and have the same radial lengths.

ROTARY CAVITATION EQUIPMENT ROTARY CAVITATION EQUIPMENT

In Fig. 1 shows the axial section of the rotary cavitation apparatus.

In Fig. 2 shows a general view of a rotary cavitation apparatus.

The inventive rotary cavitation apparatus consists of a housing 1 forming a working chamber 2 with an inlet 3 and an outlet 4 holes, a drive shaft 5, a first rotor disk 6 with radial blades 7, a first stator disk 8 with slots 9 and grooves 10, a second rotor disk 11 c Radial cutting blades 12 and grooves 13, a second stator disc 14 with slots 15, a core 16 and grooves 17.

The device works as follows. When the rotor 1 rotates, this is the first disk 6 with blades 7, which is the pump of the axial pump, delivers the working liquid to the volume of the working chamber, limited by the stator disks 8, 14. The first stator disk 8, which is a guide disk of the axial pump, prevents the working fluid from twisting Relative to the axis of symmetry of the device, which eliminates the decrease in the relative speed of the cutting blades of the rotor and the liquid incident on them. Rotating between the stator disks 8, 14, the second disc of the rotor 11 with its cutting blades 12 dissects the incident flow of liquid. Due to the effect of the wedge effect known in mechanics, the rupture stresses arising in the medium during rotation of the rotor significantly exceed the ultimate strength of the liquid, therefore, the continuity of the liquid is broken at the cutting edge of the wedge and a large cavitation cavity is formed on the edges of the wedge. The latter, interacting with the radial grooves 10 and slots 15 in the second disk of the stator 14, is crushed into a large number of small cavitation bubbles that eventually collapse in the gap between the flat faces of the blades of the rotor 12 and the stator disks 8, 14. The powerful cavitation effects that arise when Collapse, activate the appropriate physicochemical processes in the working environment.

In the proposed technical solution, the transformation of mechanical energy of the rotor into activation energy is made directly (mechanical energy of rotation - cavitation energy), i.e. More efficient than in multi-stage systems. (In the prototype, the mechanical energy of rotation - ultrasonic energy - cavitation energy). The proposed design of the second rotor disk with cutting blades made in the form of a wedge results in a reduction of unproductive energy losses to overcome the hydrodynamic resistance, i. E. Increases the efficiency of the device. The joint action of the rotor and second stator disks of the proposed structures ensures intensive formation of cavitation bubbles of optimal size, which increases efficiency and activation efficiency. In addition, increasing the dimensions of the cavitation zone and, accordingly, the volume of the working fluid activated per unit time increases the productivity of the device.

The prototype of the proposed technical solution was tested as a device for water disinfection. The following results are obtained.

1. The initial sample of river water contained 502 bacterial colonies. After processing the sample for 15 minutes, the number of bacteria in the sample is 86 colonies, for 20 minutes - 77, for 30 minutes - 17.

2. The initial sample - fecal sewage, the content of bacteria - millions of colonies. After processing for 20 minutes - 98 colonies, within 30 minutes - 37 colonies.

In addition, the prototype of the present invention was tested as a deactivator for liquid radioactive waste. It was found that the specific radiation power of the initial sample, equal to 487 μR / h · l, after a 30-minute treatment in this device was reduced to 38 μR / h · l. The radiation power from the control sample, which has not undergone treatment, has not changed within the limits of the measurement accuracy within the same time.

During the tests, it was found that the device generates heat energy, which is twice the energy consumed from an external source, i.e. Is a heat generator with an efficiency of about 200%.

Currently, the pilot plant is being prepared for operation on the vessels of the river fleet as a disinfectant for river water.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Author's certificate N 1358140, MKI B 01 F 11/02. The cavitation mixer.

2. PCT No. 94/09894, MKI B 01 F 7/00, 11/02. Ultrasonic activator.

CLAIM

A rotary cavitation apparatus comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet and forming a working chamber in which a stator is arranged and on a drive shaft a rotor characterized in that the stator and the rotor consist of disks arranged alternately along the axis of symmetry of the working chamber in the direction of the input- The first rotor disc is provided with radial blades, the second rotor disk disposed between the stator discs with the radial slots is provided with at least two radial blades disposed in the plane of the disk, the front part of which is a wedge in the direction of rotation, The back one is in the form of a parallelepiped with radial grooves on its lateral faces, the slots in the second stator disk being tapered to the disc planes, and radial grooves are made on the planes of the stator disks adjacent to the rotor blades.

2. A rotary cavitation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial blades of the first rotor disk are disposed at an angle to its plane.

3. A rotary cavitation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that radial blades and rotor blades, slits and grooves in the stator disks are disposed uniformly along the circumferences of their disks.

4. A rotary cavitation apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that in the slots of the second stator disk along the axis of symmetry of the slot, a triangular cross-sectional core is installed, one of whose vertices lies in the plane of the disk adjacent to the rotor blades.

print version
Date of publication 28.01.2007gg