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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2272225
METHOD OF HEATING LIQUID
The name of the inventor: Nadymov Nikolai Pavlovich (RU); Pomerantsev Igor Vsevolodovich
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company INOCAR (RU); Pomerantsev Igor Vsevolodovich
Address for correspondence: 614022, Perm, ul. Mira, 27, ap. 40, E.V. Teplyakova
Date of commencement of the patent: 2003.12.22
The invention relates to heat engineering and is intended to produce heat differently than in the combustion process and can be used for heat supply in various industries. The method of heating the liquid consists in the formation of steam mechanically with expansion, subsequent compression of the vapor with its condensation into the liquid. The steam is mechanically produced by creating a pressure gradient from the degassed liquid, followed by expansion, and compression and subsequent condensation are carried out by mechanical braking of the vapor. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of liquid heating and expansion of the field of its use due to the production of a high-speed steam flow, effective heat input to the steam during expansion and subsequent mechanical braking thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat engineering and is intended to produce heat differently than in the combustion process, and can be used for heat supply in various industries.
There is a known method for heating a liquid, comprising directing the flow of water under pressure into the jet apparatus, mechanically changing the flow rate in the apparatus, realized by heat generators (RU 2045715, IPC 6 F 25 B 29/00, publ. 1995, RU 2162571, IPC 7 F 24 D 3/02, published 2001, RU 2161289, IPC 7 F 24 H 3/02, published 2001).
This method is based on the creation of jet flow of liquid and its heating during acceleration in the jet apparatus due to the resulting centrifugal effect and the effect of cavitation bubbles.
The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency, which is explained by the insufficient supply of heat to the heat carrier from the environment, but also by the increased noise caused by the cavitation processes in the operation of devices implementing this method.
In addition, such a method is not feasible in the open space, which limits the scope of its use.
Another method, which is closest in technical essence to the claimed and accepted as a prototype, is a method for heating a liquid, including the formation of steam by mechanical means with expansion, the subsequent compression of steam with its condensation into a liquid (RU 2153133, IPC 7 F 25 B 29/00, publ. .2000).
Such a method is more efficient, because the use of steam makes it possible to supply more heat to the heat carrier from the environment.
However, the process is inertial; When it is carried out, the heat-carrier is cyclic expanded and contracted, which in turn practically reduces the amount of heat energy transferred per unit time to the heated medium and, accordingly, reduces its average temperature.
In addition, such a method is not feasible in the open space, which limits the scope of its use.
The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of liquid heating due to the continuity of the process and the expansion of its use.
The task is achieved by improving the method of heating a fluid, including the formation of steam by mechanical means with expansion, subsequent compression of the steam with its condensation into the liquid. This improvement consists in the fact that the formation of steam by mechanical means is carried out by creating a pressure gradient followed by expansion, and compression and subsequent condensation are carried out by mechanical braking of the steam.
In addition, the subsequent expansion of the vapor can be carried out in a vacuum.
In addition, the steam may form from the degassed liquid.
The formation of steam mechanically by creating a pressure gradient that provides steam production allows one to obtain a high-speed steam flow. The magnitude of the pressure gradient is determined experimentally.
The subsequent expansion of the steam flow makes it possible to reduce its density and static pressure in order to ensure an efficient supply of heat to the steam with subsequent mechanical braking.
The implementation of compression by mechanical braking of the steam provides heating of the braking unit by reducing the kinetic energy of a part of the steam, which ensures an efficient supply of heat from the braking unit to the rest of the steam that has not undergone braking.
The subsequent condensation by mechanical braking of the vapor provides a heated liquid.
The subsequent expansion into the vacuum makes it possible to produce steam without drops, which increases the heating efficiency. Moreover, in this case, high pressures are not required for the implementation of the process, which increases the safety in the process.
The use of a degassed liquid for the formation of steam increases the efficiency of heating by eliminating the entrainment of energy by the evolved gas from the accelerated flow.
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The proposed method is explained in the drawing, which shows the scheme of a heat generator that performs the proposed method. The heat generator contains a pump 1 whose input is connected to a source of liquid. The output of the pump 1 is connected by a pressure line 2 with a pressure gradient creating unit, for example a nozzle 3. Before the nozzle 3, a braking unit 4 configured as a set of grids and a hot water collector 5 are installed. |
THE PROPOSED METHOD IS CONDUCTED AS FOLLOWS:
The liquid is pumped by the pump 1 under pressure through the pressure line 2 into the nozzle 3, whereby the formation of a pressure gradient causes the formation of steam. The vapor exits the nozzle 3 in the space between the nozzle 3 and the braking unit 4. When the grids of the braking unit 4 interact, the grids of the braking unit 4 are heated by decreasing the kinetic energy of the vapor portion, which provides an efficient supply of heat from the grids of the braking unit 4 to the remaining portion A pair that has not yet undergone inhibition (compression). On the grids of node 4, the water is subsequently condensed, which collects in collector 5 and is sent to the consumer or to the inlet of pump 1 to enhance the heating effect.
The proposed method heated the degassed water with the initial temperature in the zone A ~ 10 ° C. The pump was supplied with water at a pressure of more than 20 MPa through a nozzle with a 0.2 mm hole. At the same time, cold steam was obtained, which was sent to the brake assembly, located at a distance of 5-50 mm from the end of the nozzle. As a result, water was obtained, the temperature of which in zone C differed from the temperature in zone B from tenths to tens of degrees, depending on the quality of water degassing.
The proposed method and carried out the formation of steam in a closed vacuum system with a vacuum depth of ~ 20 kPa with the braking of the resulting vapor at the outlet from the vacuum system.
Thus, the use of the proposed method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of liquid heating by obtaining a continuous high-speed steam flow, effectively supplying heat to the steam during expansion and subsequent mechanical braking thereof. In this case, the amount of heat energy transferred per unit time to the heated medium is increased.
In addition, the proposed method can be implemented not only in a closed system, but also in an open system, which expands the scope of its use.
CLAIM
A method of heating a fluid, comprising: obtaining a high-speed flow mechanically by creating a pressure gradient, expanding it and then compressing it by mechanical braking, characterized in that by creating a pressure gradient, a high-velocity vapor stream from the degassed liquid is obtained.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion is carried out in vacuum.
print version
Date of publication 29.01.2007gg
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