| Start of section
Production, amateur Radio amateurs Aircraft model, rocket-model Useful, entertaining |
Stealth Master
Electronics Physics Technologies Inventions |
Secrets of the cosmos
Secrets of the Earth Secrets of the Ocean Tricks Map of section |
  |
| Use of the site materials is allowed subject to the link (for websites - hyperlinks) | |||
Navigation: => |
Home / Patent catalog / Catalog section / Back / |
|
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2124674
CATALYTIC HEAT GENERAL
The name of the inventor: Weber Yu.P. Vinokurov VL; Ismagilov ZR; Klimov AM; Lidzhiev Sh.L .; Sazonov VA; Khomylyansky A.B.
The name of the patent holder: Open Joint-Stock Company "Novosibirsk Scientific Research and Design Institute for Environmental Problems"; Institute of Catalysis named after GK Boreskov of the SB RAS
Address for correspondence: 630091 Novosibirsk, ul.Sovetskaya 52, PO Box 278
Date of commencement of the patent: 1996.01.10
The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in heat supply systems and in the combustion of fuel for heating working bodies. The invention provides a stabilization of the temperature in the combustion zone. The heat generator consists of a housing 1, in which the air supply, combustion and heat removal sections are located. The combustion section is separated from the air supply section by the gas distribution grid 5 of the slit structure and has a burner unit 7. The heat sink section consists of a heat exchanger 8 and a volumetric non-isothermal nozzle 9 under the heat exchanger 8. On the outer surface of the body 1 there is a water jacket consisting of parallel sections 16-19 In series connected to the heat exchanger 8.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in heat supply systems and in the combustion of fuels for heating working bodies where combustion of various fuels takes place in a fluidized bed.
A device is known in which combustion of fuel takes place in a fluidized bed (the author's license of USSR No. 1323844 "Heat exchanger").
The device comprises a housing with nozzles for supplying fuel, air and water and for removing hot water and combustion products of the fuel. Inside the housing there is a gas distribution grid, water collectors, an inert nozzle (intermediate solid heat carrier) and a tubular heat exchanger - a coil having a rotation drive. Sand, dolomite and chamotte are used as an inert packing, which causes the combustion of fuel at high temperatures determined by the burning rates on the surface of the particles and solid inert material, in addition, a high level of temperatures must be strictly maintained, since when the temperature decreases Combustion becomes unstable.
The closest to the claimed device is the catalytic heat generator (prototype), described in Sat. Scientific works "Technological processes based on catalytic heat generators", Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Catalysis Institute, Novosibirsk, 1985, Fig. 2, p. 22. Vedyakin P.I. And others "Application of catalytic heat generators for water heating and adsorption-contact drying of materials". The known heat generator consists of a casing with fuel, air and water supply connections and hot water and flue gas discharge; in the lower part of the casing there is a catalyst layer on the gas distribution grid, an intermediate solid heat carrier above which the non-isothermal nozzle and the economizer The outer surface of the housing has an air cooling jacket, in addition, a heater in the form of 20 vertical Fild tubes is placed inside the housing in the combustion zone of the fuel.
In this heat generator there is a flameless combustion of fuel on the surface of the catalyst pellets in a fluidized state.
The design of the heat generator makes it possible to achieve environmentally friendly combustion of fuel when operating in the design mode, since the fuel consumption, the amount of liquefying air, the flow rate and the temperature of the heated water are strictly interrelated for this process.
Under real conditions, the water discharge may differ from the calculated one, and the water temperature can vary within wide limits. The regulation of the generator's heat output by changing the water flow rate is impossible due to the fact that in heat supply systems, as a rule, quality control of heat supply is carried out, at which the water flow is kept constant. In addition, a decrease in the flow rate of the heating medium leads to a simultaneous increase in the temperature of the heated water, which may exceed the boiling point and the temperature in the combustion zone, which, if the critical value of the catalyst reaches 1000 ° C, will cause its destruction. As the water flow increases, the temperature in the combustion zone drops to 700 ° C and below, which affects the stability of the combustion process and, consequently, the completeness of combustion.
Temperature control by changing the air flow rate is unacceptable, since firstly the fluidization conditions are violated, and secondly, the stoichiometric ratio of air to fuel, which causes the formation of harmful emissions.
The Filth tubes immersed in the fluidized bed and removing the major part of the heat can lead to a decrease in the temperature in the combustion zone and, as a result, to an increase in CO and NO x emissions. The presence of air cooling jacket does not allow to effectively influence the temperature regime of fuel combustion.
The problem solved by the invention is to develop a heat and power device that ensures efficient use of heat in the combustion of fuels and the ecological purity of the waste gases.
The claimed catalytic heat generator provides stabilization of the temperature in the combustion zone of the fuel.
The patent catalytic heat generator consists of a vertical casing with air and fuel supply nozzles in the lower part between which a gas distribution grating with a layer of granular oxidation catalyst is placed inside the casing, in the middle part of the generator there is a heat exchanger made of U-shaped tubes, under which the non-isothermal nozzle is located, The jacket has a cooling jacket, the jacket is made of water and consists of independent sections operating in parallel and connected in series to the heat exchanger.
The presence of a water sectional jacket makes it possible to control the combustion temperature by changing the amount of heat exhausted from the combustion zone. This is achieved by changing the heat exchange surface by turning off the water jacket sections.
Temperature control due to the selection of heat in the water jacket in sections allows to achieve stabilization of the temperature process of combustion in the fluidized bed (in the range 700 + 800 o C), i.e., the process of fuel combustion occurs at sufficiently low temperatures, optimal for the operation of the catalyst, and is very Complete (excludes sintering of the catalyst and formation of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and carcinogenic substances).
The figure shows a catalytic heat generator in a section.
 |
The heat generator consists of a vertical shell 1, in which the air supply, combustion, heat removal and precipitation chambers are located. The air supply section is a receiving chamber 2 with an air supply pipe 3. The combustion section 4 is separated from the air supply section by a gas distribution grid 5 having a slit structure and has a fuel supply pipe 6 and a burner 7. The heat sink section consists of a heat exchanger 8 and a volumetric non-isothermal nozzle 9 located under the heat exchanger. The nozzle 9 consists of wire meshes with a mesh size of 6-10 mm. The diameter of the wire is 3 mm. In the heat sink section, there are pipes 10 and 11 for the cold inlet and the outlet of the heated water. The precipitation chamber 12 is located in the upper part of the generator and has a branch pipe 13 for exhausting exhaust gases and a branch pipe 14 for filling the catalyst, which is a solid spherical pellet 15 serving as an intermediate coolant. On the outer surface of the body is a water jacket consisting of sections 16, 17, 18, 19 with water control valves 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. The catalytic heat generator works as follows. The air along the branch pipe 3 is fed into the air supply section 2, passes through the gas distribution grid 5 to the combustion section 4, where fuel is supplied through the nozzle 6, which is sprayed by the burner 7. |
The fluidized bed is formed by weighing the catalyst pellets 15 with ascending air streams and combustion products. In the lower part of the fluidized bed of the catalyst, intense heat generation occurs due to combustion of the fuel. The transfer of heat at altitude is mainly due to the heating capacity of the fluidized bed of the catalyst. The hot flue gases and part of the catalyst pass through a non-isothermal nozzle 9 dividing the working volume into two zones defined by the heat removal conditions: the lower 700 ° C. and 800 ° C. and the upper gas upstream at a temperature of 300-350 ° C. Further, the flue gases through the precipitation chamber 12 exit Along the branch pipe 13 from the heat generator. The catalyst pellets 15 carried away by the gas flow return to the working volume. The heat removal takes place through the surface of the heat exchanger 8 immersed in the fluidized bed. The water enters the heat exchanger along the branch pipe 10 and passes through the branch pipe 11 at a temperature of 40 ° -45 ° C. to the upper section 16 of the water jacket located in the heat sink area, from which parallel flows are supplied in the sections 17, 18, 19 below the non-isothermal nozzle 9 in the zone Burning 4. Water to the consumer comes with a temperature of 65 - 70 o C. This mode of operation is typical for the maximum power of the generator.
With a decrease in heat consumption or a decrease in the temperature of the water at the inlet to the heat generator, the temperature in the combustion zone will also decrease. When the temperature in the combustion zone reaches 700 ° C, the lower section 19 is turned off by the valves 20 and 21. This will result in a reduction of the heating surface and, accordingly, heat removal from the combustion zone, which will result in stabilization of the combustion temperature. With its further drop, sections 18 and 17 are successively switched off (valves 22 and 23, 24 and 25, respectively) until the temperature drop stops.
It is known that depending on the outside temperature, the temperature of the hot water for the consumer during the transition period (+8 o C) is 40 - 50 o C, in the heating period 60 - 70 o C, the design temperature of the heating season is 90-110 oC. Two-section water jacket is limited by the limits of water regulation, which does not allow to achieve these regimes of regulation (especially during the transition period). With a 5- and higher sectional jacket, regulation is possible, but there is practically no need to adjust the water temperature in narrow ranges, because 40 ° C is the minimum water temperature for the consumer (heating and hot water), at higher temperatures (> 110 ° C), water overheating and boiling start.
The design of the catalytic heat generator provides an increase in the efficiency of the potential energy of liquid and gaseous fuels due to maximum heat production, which makes it possible to exclude the use of low-efficiency water-heating boilers with low efficiency.
The claimed heat generator provides environmentally friendly combustion of fuel (within the limits of sanitary standards) due to temperature stabilization. The presence of a sectional cooling jacket increases the efficiency of the catalytic heat generator from 0.65 to 0.9.
The water cooling jacket, when compared with the air jacket, ensures the compactness of the installation, since the heat transfer coefficient to the water is higher than to the air, and water flows to the consumer, bypassing the intermediate heat exchangers.
The operational verification of the work of KGT showed the possibility of its use both as stationary and as mobile sources of heat.
The possibility of stabilizing the temperature makes it possible to increase the life of the catalyst.
CLAIM
1. A catalytic heat generator consisting of a vertical housing with air and fuel feeds at the bottom and a flue gas discharge in the upper part, a gas distribution grid is disposed within the housing between the air and fuel feed pipes, on which there is a layer of a granular oxidation catalyst above which is sequentially placed A non-isothermal nozzle and a heat exchanger, the body having an external cooling jacket, characterized in that the jacket is made of a water jacket and consisting of parallel sections in series connected to the heat exchanger.
2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the water jacket has three sections.
print version
Date of publication 29.01.2007gg
Comments
Commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.