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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2160419
GAS HEAT GENERATOR HEATERS FOR WATER HEATING FOR HEATING
AND / OR HOT WATER SUPPLY
The name of the inventor: Evseev GA
The name of the patent owner: Closed Joint-Stock Company "Thermal Environmental Technologies"
Address for correspondence: 125438, Moscow, ul. Onega 8-10, CJSC "TET"
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.05.18
The gas generator of the water heating system for heating and / or hot water supply comprises a combustion chamber with a burner bottom provided with a hole (s), a flame stabilizer (s) in the combustion chamber, a nozzle (injectors) for feeding and mixing gaseous fuel with air. The nozzle is made in the form of a two-stage ejector and annular nozzle of the veil. The first stage of the ejector is made with the ratio of the exit area of the central nozzle F 1 to the total area F 0 of the ejection nozzles F 1 / F 0 = K 1× (M r / M s ) × L 02 , where M r and M b are the molecular masses Flammable gas and air; L 0 is the stoichiometric coefficient. The mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 2 = K 2× F 1 . The annular nozzle of the second stage of the ejector is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the first stage and the aqueous solution of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, communicating with the atmosphere and executed with an exit area F 3 = K 3× F 1 . The mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 4 = K 4× F 1 . The annular nozzle of the curtain is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the second stage and the inner surface of the cylindrical liner into the aperture of the fire bottom, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, communicating with the atmosphere and made with a cross-sectional area F 5 = K 5× F 1 where the numerical values of the coefficients Are equal: K 1 = 0.18 - 0.22; K 2 = 1.0 - 2.0; K 3 = 4.5 -6.5; K 4 = 5.0-6.5; K 5 = 1.4 - 1.8. The invention provides higher operational reliability and environmental cleanliness of the gas heat generator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to heat power engineering and can be used in heating installations for heating and / or hot water supply of buildings and structures in a decentralized manner.
A gas generator for the heat of an installation for water heating and / or hot water supply is known (see RF patent No. 2018771, cl. F 23 D 14/00, 23/00, 1994), taken as a prototype and containing a combustion chamber with a firing head provided with Apertures installed coaxially with the corresponding holes in the combustion bottom in the combustion chamber, flame stabilizers and on the opposite side of the bottom - nozzles for feeding and mixing of gaseous fuel with air, each of which is in the form of an ejector with ejector nozzles communicating with a source of combustible gas uniformly located along the perimeter And inclined at an angle to the axis of the central nozzle, communicated with the atmosphere.
The disadvantage of this gas generator for a hot water heating system and / or hot water supply was that the outlet of each nozzle was removed from the fire bottom, and the ejector for pre-mixing the gaseous fuel with air was single-stage. During operation of the heat generator described above, unacceptable flashes of flame inside the injector were observed, for example, when the number of working nozzles changed (on / off), while the flame stabilized inside the nozzle on the ejecting nozzles. The air flow sucked through the annular gap between the nozzle and the bottom was not sufficiently organized, whereas this airflow should mainly function as a curtain, i. E. Ensure that there is no contact between the combusted mixture in the combustion chamber and the premixed fuel mixture at the outlet of the injector and, as a consequence, the absence of combustion at its outlet.
The object of the invention is to develop a gas generator for the heating of a water heating installation for hot water heating and / or hot water supply, free from the said drawbacks while providing high ecological purity, for example, the blue angel class, of the installation as a whole.
The aim is achieved by the fact that in a gas heat generator a water heating unit for heating and / or hot water supply comprising a combustion chamber with a fire bottom provided with a hole (s), a flame stabilizer (s) in the combustion chamber and, on the opposite side of the bottom, an injector Nozzles) for supplying and mixing the gaseous fuel with air, made in the form of an ejector with ejector nozzles communicating with a source of combustible gas uniformly located along the perimeter of the central nozzle communicated with the atmosphere and inclined at an angle to its axis, the nozzle is designed as a two-stage ejector and annular Nozzles of the veil.
The first stage of the ejector is made with the ratio of the outlet area of the central nozzle F 1 to the total area of the outlets of the ejection nozzles F 0
F 1 F 0 = K 1× (M g / M in ) × L 02 (K 1 = 0.18 ... 0.22),
Where M r and M b are the molecular masses of the combustible gas and air, respectively, and L 0 is the stoichiometric coefficient. The mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 2
F 2 = K 2× F 1 (K 2 = 1.0 ... 2.0).
The annular nozzle of the second stage of the ejector is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the first stage in its outlet part and the inlet mouth of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons, communicating with the atmosphere and made with an exit area F 3
F 3 = K 3× F 1 (K 3 = 4.5 ... 6.5).
The mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 4
F 4 = K 4× F 1 (K 4 = 5.0 ... 6.5).
The annular nozzle of the curtain is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the second stage and the inner surface of the cylindrical liner into the aperture of the fire bottom, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons, communicating with the atmosphere and made with a cross-sectional area F 5 ,
F 5 = K 5× F 1 (K 5 = 1.4 ... 1.8).
The numerical values of the coefficients in the above ratios are chosen from the condition of ensuring in the first stage of the injector ejector the excess oxidizer coefficient equal to 0.4 ... 0.6, and the oxidizer excess ratio for the injector as a whole equal to 1.2 ... 1.4 .
In this case, the following variants and combinations of the variants of the gas heat generator and its injectors are possible:
- the input of the mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is made in the form of a confuser,
- the output of the mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is in the form of a diffuser,
- the inlet part of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector after the bell is made in the form of a confuser,
- the output of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector is in the form of a diffuser,
- The flame stabilizer, for example, in the form of a cone facing the tip towards the nozzle, is installed on the end face of the liner, for example, using pillars.
The implementation of the nozzle of the gas heat generator in the form of a two-stage ejector and an annular nozzle of the air curtain makes it possible to provide in the first stage of the ejector such an excess of oxidizer coefficient at which there is no combustion in this stage, and at the output of the second stage of the ejector, to obtain a premixed fuel mixture with an oxidizer excess ratio providing an effective (High efficiency) the work of the water heating system for heating and / or hot water supply with environmentally friendly exhaust. The proposed technical solution eliminates the flashing of the flame into the first stage of the ejector and combustion inside the nozzle on the ejecting nozzles.
In the second stage of the ejector, the fuel mixture is combustible.
In this stage, in principle, it is possible for the flame to skip under large perturbations of pressure in the combustion chamber, for example, when the number of working nozzles changes (on / off). However, the proposed nozzle design provides such conditions under which the flow velocity in the second stage of the ejector is significantly (by an order of magnitude) higher than the normal burning rate. This eliminates the stabilization of the flame inside the burner, even when the flame is broken.
The ring nozzle of the curtain with the pylons at its inlet prevents contact between the combustion products and the fuel mixture at the outlet of the injector, which is an additional factor for eliminating the breakthrough of the flame.
The installation of a flame stabilizer on the end face of the liner, for example, using racks, is in turn an additional factor for eliminating the breakthrough of the flame, since the racks are located beyond the curtain area and, when heated, they are not sources of ignition. In addition, fixing the stabilizer on the racks allows for pre-assembly with precise alignment of the stabilizer relative to the nozzle axis, which is essential for organizing the combustion process in the combustion chamber.
The experimental development of a gas generator with a nozzle in the form of a two-stage ejector and with an annular nozzle of the veil showed that even with large perturbations of the pressure in the chamber and the release of the flame through the annular nozzle of the second stage, the flame within the nozzle does not stabilize and after removing the perturbation, the normal operation of the nozzle and combustion In the combustion chamber.
Let's consider a concrete example of calculation and performance of an atomizer
Let methane be used as a combustible gas, the gas supply pressure in the plant is 2000 Pa, the heat output of the gas generator is 100 kW, and the combustion chamber contains eight nozzles with a heat output of 12.5 kW each. The stoichiometric coefficient L 0 for the methane-air mixture is 17.16, the molecular mass of methane is Mg = 16, and the molecular mass of air M is M = 29. The gas is supplied through three holes 1.7 mm in diameter, taking into account the input pressure losses The gas flow through the nozzle will be 0.25 g / s, which at a lower calorific value of methane 50 MJ / kg provides the specified thermal power of the injector. We choose the diameter of the central nozzle, equal to 17 mm, then F 1 / F 0 = 33,3. In this case, K 1 = 0.205. We assume that K 2 = 1.5, K 3 = 5.5, K 4 = 5.7, K 5 = 1.6. Calculations show that when the pressure in the combustion chamber is 1.5 ... 3 Pa, typical for the combustion chamber of the unit, in the first stage of the ejector the oxidizer excess ratio is 0.49. . .0,50, at the output of the second stage - 1,13 ... 1,21, for the nozzle as a whole (taking into account the air curtain) - 1,22 ... 1,33 respectively. At the same time, the gas mixture at the outlet of the second stage of the injector will be 3.0 ... 3.2 m / s, and the normal combustion rate of methane with an excess of oxidizer ratio equal to 1.13 ... 1.21 will be 0.28. .. 0.24 m / s, respectively.
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In Fig. 1 - 9 the scheme of a gas generator of heat and variants of performance of an atomizer are presented.
The gas heat generator (FIG. 1) comprises a combustion chamber with a combustion bottom 1 provided with a hole (s) 2, a stabilizer (s) of the flame 3 in the combustion chamber and from the opposite side of the bottom - an injector 4 for supplying and mixing the fuel gas with Air made in the form of a two-stage ejector 5 with ejector nozzles 6 communicating with a source of combustible gas uniformly located around the perimeter of the central nozzle 7 communicated with the atmosphere and inclined at an angle to its axis and an annular nozzle of the air curtain 8.
The first stage of the injector ejector (Figure 2) is made with the ratio of the outlet area of the central nozzle F 1 to the total area of the ejection nozzle outlets F 0
F 1 F 0 = K 1× (M g / M in ) × L 02 (K 1 = 0.18 ... 0.22),
Where M r and M b are the molecular masses of the combustible gas and air, respectively, and L 0 is the stoichiometric coefficient. The mixing chamber 9 of the first stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 2
F 2 = K 2× F 1 (K 2 = 1.0 ... 2.0).
The annular nozzle 10 of the second stage of the ejector is formed by the outer wall 11 of the mixing chamber of the first stage in its outlet part and the inlet bell 12 of the mixing chamber 13 of the second stage of the ejector, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons 14, communicated with the atmosphere and executed with Area of output F 3
F 3 = K 3× F 1 (K 3 = 4.5 ... 6.5).
The mixing chamber 13 of the second stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 4
F 4 = K 4× F 1 (K 4 = 5.0 ... 6.5).
The annular nozzle of the curtain is formed by the outer wall 15 of the second stage mixing chamber and the inner surface of the cylindrical liner 16 into the aperture of the fire bottom, connected to each other in the inlet portion of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons 17, communicating with the atmosphere and made with a cross-sectional area F 5
F 5 = K 5× F 1 (K 5 = 1.4 ... 1.8).
The input of the mixing chamber 9 of the first stage can be made in the form of a confuser 18 (Figure 3).
The output of the mixing chamber 9 of the first stage can be made in the form of a diffuser 19 (Figure 4).
A combination of the embodiments of the mixing chamber 9 of the first stage of the ejector (Figure 5) is also possible when the inlet of the mixing chamber is in the form of a confuser 18 and the outlet is in the form of a diffuser 19.
The inlet part of the mixing chamber 13 of the second stage of the ejector after the bell can be made in the form of a confuser 20 (FIG. 6).
The output of the mixing chamber 13 of the second stage of the ejector can be made in the form of a diffuser 21 (Figure 7).
A combination of the embodiments of the mixing chamber 13 of the second stage of the ejector (Figure 8) is also possible when the inlet of the mixing chamber after the bell is made in the form of a confuser 20 and the outlet is in the form of a diffuser 21.
The flame stabilizer 3, for example, in the form of a cone facing away from the apex towards the nozzle, can be mounted on the end face of the liner 16, for example, by means of pillars 22 (FIG. 9).
FORMULA OF THE INVENTION
1. A gas generator for the heating of a water heating installation for heating and / or hot water supply, comprising a combustion chamber with a burner bottom provided with a hole (s), a flame stabilizer (s) in the combustion chamber and, on the other side of the bottom, a nozzle (injectors) for feeding and mixing Gaseous fuel with air, made in the form of an ejector with ejector nozzles communicating with a source of combustible gas uniformly located along the perimeter of the central nozzle communicated with the atmosphere and inclined at an angle to its axis, characterized in that the nozzle is made in the form of a two-stage ejector and an annular nozzle of the air curtain , The first stage of the ejector is made with the ratio of the exit area of the central nozzle F 1 to the total area of the outlets of the ejection nozzles F 0
F 1 / F 0 = K 1× (M g / M in ) × L 02 ,
Where M г and M в - molecular masses of combustible gas and air, respectively;
L 0 is the stoichiometric coefficient,
The mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 2
F 2 = K 2× F 1 ,
The annular nozzle of the second stage of the ejector is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the first stage in its outlet part and the inlet funnel of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons, is communicated with the atmosphere and is made with an exit area F 3
F 3 = K 3× F 1 ,
The mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector is made with a cross-sectional area F 4
F 4 = K 4× F 1 ,
The annular nozzle of the curtain is formed by the outer wall of the mixing chamber of the second stage and the inner surface of the cylindrical liner into the aperture of the fire bottom, connected to each other in the inlet part of the nozzle, for example by means of pylons, communicated with the atmosphere and made with a cross-sectional area F 5
F 5 = K 5× F 1 ,
Where the numerical values of the coefficients are: K 1 = 0.18 - 0.22; K 2 = 1.0 - 2.0; K 3 = 4.5-6.5; K 4 = 5.0-6.5; K 5 = 1.4 - 1.8.
2. The gas heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet of the mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is in the form of a confuser.
3. The gas heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the mixing chamber of the first stage of the ejector is in the form of a diffuser.
4. The gas heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet part of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector after the bell is made in the form of a confuser.
5. The gas heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the mixing chamber of the second stage of the ejector is in the form of a diffuser.
6. The gas heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the flame stabilizer, for example in the form of a cone facing the tip towards the nozzle, is mounted on the end face of the liner, for example, by means of pillars.
print version
Date of publication 26.03.2007гг
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